内容正文:
专题 09 情态动词
中职高考英语一轮复习
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考纲要求·考情分析
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考点突破·考法探究
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目 录
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课堂小结·查漏补缺
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知识清单·网络构建
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考纲要求·考情分析
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根据考纲要求,情态动词是命题的焦点之一。考生应掌握情态动词的基本用法及区别,理解各种情况下情态动词的含义和用法。
考纲要求
1.主要考查情态动词的用法区别。
2.阅读理解中多以动词的词义猜测等形式出现。
考情分析
1. (2023春) you start now ?
A . May B . Will C . Shall D . Ought
答案:B
2.(2023春考)We arrive at ten , but because of the traffic ,
we be a little late .
A . will , may B . should , may C . may , will D . may , should
答案: A
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考点突破·考法探究
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1. 熟记情态动词的基本含义。
2.情态动词的用法区别。
3.表示猜测含义的情态动词的应用。
4.几组情态动词的区别。
备考策略 注意常考内容:
秘诀:记基础含义,背习惯用法
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知识清单·网络构建
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情态动词概述:
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想。
2. 情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和后面的动词连用构成谓语。结构为:情态动词+动词原形
3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,could,might,should,would本身可以表达更委婉的语气,同时又是can,may,shall,will的过去式。
4. 情态动词的否定式 为:情态动词+not
5. 情态动词的一般疑问句将情态动词提前,即情态动词+主语+谓语...
情态动词 含义 否定含义
can/could 能够,可以,可能 can’t/couldn’t 不能,不可以
may/might 可以,也许 may/might not 可能不
must/have to 一定,不得不 mustn’t 禁止,千万不要
don’t have to不必
shall/should 应当,将要 shan’t/shouldn’t 不应当
will/would 将会,愿意 won’t/wouldn’t 将不会,不愿
need 需要, needn’t 不需要,没必要
dare
敢 daren’t 不敢
情态动词
can与could
1.can表示“能,会”,could是can的过去式。 如:
She can speak English and French.
她会说英语和法语。
2.两者都表示请求许可,could语气更委婉。如:
Could I have a cup of water?I am very thirsty.
我能喝杯水吗?我很渴。
考点一:情态动词的基本用法
3.can’t表否定推测。如:
—Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?
听,是汤姆在教室里唱歌吗?
—No. It can’t be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
不,不可能是汤姆,他去巴黎了。
may的用法
1.表示可以、请求、许可。如:
—May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗?
—Sure. Here you are. 当然,给你。
2.表示推测、也许,但没把握。如:
He may come here by bus, but I’m not sure.
他也许会乘公交车来这儿,但我不确定。
must的用法
1.must在肯定句中表示“必须”。如:
When traffic lights are red, we must stop and wait.
当红灯亮时,我们必须停下来等。
2.mustn’t表示“禁止”。如:
You mustn’t play like that any more.The final exam is coming.
你千万别那样玩了,期末考试要到了。
3.must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。如:
You have worked hard all day. You ______ be tired.
你工作一整天了,一定累了。
must
4.must引起的一般疑问句,肯定答语要用must,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。如:
—Must we finish the work today?
我们必须今天完成这项工作吗?
—Yes, you must. It can’t be put off any longer.
是的,你必须,不能再推迟了。
—No, you _________. You can do it tomorrow.
不,你不必,你们可以明天再做。
needn’t
5.must 表示主观意愿;have to 表示由于客观原因而
“不得不”。如:
I must do my homework first. 我必须先做作业。
It’s late. I _________ go home.
天黑了,我不得不回家了。
have to
need的用法
need 表示“需要”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如:
You needn’t worry about me. I feel much better now.
你不必担心我,我现在感觉好多了。
—Need I clean the room now? 我需要现在打扫房间吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you _________. 是的,你必须。/不,不必。
needn’t
双性动词need, dare, dared
1. need 可以作实义动词或情态动词。
eg: We need to finish the job before dark.
You needn’t hurry as there’s plenty time left.
2. dare, dared可以作实义动词或情态动词。
eg: He dared to travel abroad when he was young.
How dare you let your little child go out alone?
如何分辨是实意动词或情态动词?
有没有加s;有没有加助动词;有没有加to;
有没有在句首;有没有加not;
will/ would
1. 表意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句
I will do anything for you.
They won’t lend us any more money.
2. 表请求允许,用于疑问句
Will you send this letter for me, please?
Would you mind leaving me alone for a few minutes?
3. 表习惯
She will listen to music, alone in her room, for hours.
He would spend hours on the telephone.
4. 主语为物时,多用于否定句中,意为“不起作用”
The door won’t open.
shall
1. shall用于二、三人称的陈述句,表“命令、威胁、警告、强制、允诺、决心”等
You shall do as I day. (命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允诺)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心)
2. shall用于一、三人称的疑问句,表征询意见或请求允许,多与I或we连用
What shall we do this weekend?
3. shall 常用于主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规章制度等文件中表“义务”或“规定”
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
should
1. 表义务, 意为“应该”(某件事宜做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
2. 表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
They should be home by now.
3.(表示不确定)万一。
If I should see him, I'll tell him.
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed.
4. should 可以用来表示意外;常意为“竟然;居然”
I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.
ought to
表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
你是他的爸爸,你应该照顾他。
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该吸烟那么多。
used to\ had better\ have to
1. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现已不复存在)
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
疑问句: Did you use to go there? / Used you to go there?
否定句: I didn’t use to go there. / I usedn’t to go there.
反意疑问句或简略回答: She used to be very fat, didn’t she? /usedn’t she?
--Did you use to play chess? --Yes, I did.
--Used you to get up early in the morning? --Yes, I did. / Yes, I used to.
考点二:表推测的情态动词
1. 对现在或客观事实的肯定的推测
Must :肯定;准是;想必是
Should :很可能;应该…。指按常理推测
May/might :也许;大概;表示把握不大的推测
Can/ could : 用于疑问句表怀疑
---- What are you doing this Saturday?
---- I’m not sure, but I might/may go to the cinema.
--- Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
--- Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters
A. might B. must C. would D. can
2.对现在情况或客观事实的否定推测
can’t :不可能;推测的语气相当有把握
couldn’t :也可表不可能;语气较委婉
may(might) not :可能不;也许不,表推测的语气
不是很有把握
It can’t be the postman at the door. It’s only five o’clock.
3. 对过去情况的推测
must have done : 过去一定做过某事
can’t have done/ couldn’t have done: 过去不可能做某事
can/could have done: 过去可能做过某事
may/might(not) have done: 过去可能(没)做过某事
Since nobody gave him any help, he ____ have done the
research on his own.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
Why are your eyes so red? You ______ have slept well last
night.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
三.情态动词+ have done 的其他用法
should/ought to have done
表过去本该做…却没有做
shouldn’t/ ought not to have done
表过去本不该做…却做了
could have done
表本可以/本可能做某事却没做
might have done
表本可能但实际没有发生的事
needn’t have done
表本来不需要做却做了
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening
when he should have been asleep.
You needn’t have taken a taxi, for it was very near to my house.
We _____ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have done
巩固练习
1. —Mum, may I watch TV now?
—Sure, but you ________ help me with my English.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
解析:对话的意思是:“妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗?”“当然,但你必须帮我学英语。”该题测试情态动词的用法。
表示主观上看来“必须”要做的事,要用must。
C
2. —________ I download the article again?
—No, you needn’t.
A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can
解析:对话的意思是:“我必须再次下载这篇文章吗?”“不必了。”该题测试情态动词的用法。根据答语 No, you needn’t 就能确定要选C。
C
3. —Can you go skating with us this afternoon?
—Sorry, I can’t. I ________ take care of my little sister at home.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
解析:对话的意思是:“今天下午你能同我们一块去溜冰吗?”“抱歉
,我不能去。我必须在家照看我小妹妹。”该题测试情态动词的
用法。表示客观上“不得不”做某事时,要用have to。
D
4. —Must I hand in my exercise book today?
—No, you ________.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
解析:这组对话的意思是:“我必须今天交作业吗?”“不必。”该题测试情态动词的用法。对以must开头的问句进行否定回答时,要用needn’t。
B
5. —May I have a word with you?
—No, you ________. I’m busy today.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t have to D. can’t
解析:对话的意思是:“我可以跟你说句话吗?”“不行,我今天很忙。” 该题测试情态动词的用法。对May开头的问句进行否定回答时,通常用can’t或may not来回答。
6. —________I have your English name, please?
—Yes, Helen. H-E-L-E-N.
A. Must B. May C. Will D. Need
解析:对话的意思是:“我可以知道您的英文名字吗”“可以,海伦。H-E-L-E-N。”该题测试情态动词的用法。“请求对方许可”时,常用 May I (we)…。
D
B
7.—You must come back every month. —Yes, I ________.
A. will B. must C. should D. can
解析:此题易误选为B或C。这是因为受了思维定势的影响引起的,因为前面句子中的must这个词,许多人就想当然地选择了B项。其实,这里应该选择A项,句意为:“你必须每月回来一次。”“好的,我会的。”
8. She ________ know the answer, but I’m not sure.
A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must
解析:maybe是副词,意为“可能;也许”,在句中作状语。may be是两个不同的词,其中,may是情态动词,be是连系动词,在句中作谓语。
A
C
9. Children ________ play with fire.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
解析:mustn’t千万不,绝不能,一定不要;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必要。
10. —________ I come in, Mr Green?
—Yes, come in, please.
A. Must B. Need C. Will D. May
解析:请求允许用may或can。
A
D
11. — Must we clean the room right now?
— No, you________. You ______ clean it after lunch.
A. needn’t; may B. needn’t; must C. mustn’t; can D. mustn’t; may
解析:needn’t表示“没有必要”;may意为“可以”。
12. John________ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
解析:由后文“但他还不能肯定”可知,他“可能会”来,所以选A。can表示推测的“可能”,多用于否定句或疑问句中,must是有把握的肯定推测,“一定”。
A
A
13. —Who is the boy over there? Is it John?
—No, it ________ be him. John is much taller.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
解析:句意是:“那边的那个男生是谁?是约翰吗?”“那不可能是他,约翰个子高些。”
该题测试情态动词的用法。表示很肯定的否定推测时,用can’t。
14. —Can you play Frisbee, Jay? 英['frɪzbi]
—Yes, I ________. It’s easy.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
解析:句意是:“杰伊,你会扔飞盘吗?”“会,小菜一碟。”该题测试情态动词的用法。
一般说来,以情态动词can开头的问句,肯定回答用can;否定回答用can’t。
C
B
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课堂小结·查漏补缺
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易错点
1.情态动词表推测: 没把握用may,有把握肯定用
must,否定用can’t。
2.mustn’t 表示“禁止”。
3.以must, need 开头的一般疑问句的回答。
have to 与must的区别
have to 着重于客观的需要,含有不得不的客观强制性; must(必须)着重于主观上自己认为有义务,有必要.
She has to clean the classroom every week.
I must go now.
在否定句中,don’t have to 表示没有必要,
Mustn’t表示禁止.
You don’t have to go there.
You mustn’t play football on the road.
情态动词表猜测, 所涉及到的情态动词有( ),( ),( )和( ) ( ) 。
表示“有根据的推论,语气肯定”用( ) ;
表示“一种可能性,推测或猜测,语气委婉,不那么肯定”,用( )或( );
表示“否定的可能性,语气肯定”用( );
语气稍弱表示否定的推测的还有( )和( ).
must
might
could
may
must
might
could
can't
can
couldn't
may not
1. — Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
— Sorry, I am not sure. It _____ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
___
2. — Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
— No, it _____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
检测反馈
A
A
3. —Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it?
—It _____be Rick’s. It has his name on it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. need
4. — Is Lisa at home?
— I’m not sure. She _____ be on the way home.
A. can’t B. could
C. should D. need
C
B
情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:
情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。
做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
后面被动语态时重点讲练。
Thank You
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