第08讲 动词的种类（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（黑龙江专用）

专题 08 动 词 中职高考英语一轮复习 1 考纲要求·考情分析 01 考点突破·考法探究 03 目 录 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 02 知识清单·网络构建 2 01 考纲要求·考情分析 3 根据考纲要求，掌握动词的分类、动词的基本形式、动词的八种常见时态的基本用法和重要考点，可正确运用主动语态和被动语态等。。 考纲要求 动词相关知识点均是中职升学考试的热门和关键内容，通常在词汇与语法题、完形填空、语法填空等题型中予以考查。在动词分类方面，情态动词是命题的焦点之一。此外，在涉及完成句子的题型中，动词和名词的相互转化、时态和语态的变化也是中职高考中必须重点关注的考点。 还有动词及动词短语的辨析。 考情分析 1. （2023春）We shouldn ' t upon the poor . A . look down B . look up C . look in D . look at 答案：A 解析： A . look down upon看不起， B . look up查找 C . look in 向里看 D . look at看。 2.（2023春考） After the earthquake , rows of tents were for the people to live in . A . set about B . set in C . set up D . set down 答案：C 解析： A . set about 开始 B . set in 插入，开始 C . set up建立 D . set down 放下 02 考点突破·考法探究 8 1.掌握动词的分类，尤其是系动词，和实义动词的区别。 2.注意动词的五种基本形式，为后面复习时态和语态打基础。 3.注意高频动词的用法。 4.注意动词短语的辨析。 备考策略 秘诀：记基础含义，熟记短语搭配 03 知识清单·网络构建 10 动词概述 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句中的作用可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 考点分析 1.动词分类 2.动词的五种基本形式 3.高频动词用法 4.动词短语 连系动词，实义动词---能够单独做谓语 助动词，情态动词---不能够单独做谓语 1．系动词 系动词，也称连系动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。系动词主要有两类。 1）表示特征或状态，这类词主要有 be、feel、look、taste、smell、sound、seem 等。例如： She is so kind .她是如此善良。 You look better today .你今天看起来好多了。 I feel bad now ．我现在感觉很糟糕。 The flowers smell good .花闻起来好香。 It tastes / sounds good ．它尝／听起来很好。 2）表示由一种状态变为另一种状态，这类词主要有 become、turn、get、find 等。例如： He became a doctor in the end .最后他成为了一名医生。 The leaves turn yellow in fall .秋天树叶变黄了。 The days are getting longer in spring .春天白昼越来越长。 I find it difficult to learn maths well .我发现学好数学很难。 连系动词 “一感” “二变” “三保持” “还有一个Be动词” taste, smell, look, sound, feel become, turn, get, go, grow, fall keep, stay am, is, are, was, were 连系动词 + adj. 助记分类 The soup tastes nice. The flowers smell good. This school looks beautiful. That music sounds cool. Doing yoga feels relaxing. 变 become turn get go grow fall 保持 keep stay keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康 Be 动词 一般现在时 一般过去时 am is are was were was 完成时 been 1. Physics ______ more interesting than maths, I think. A. are B. is C. is D. will be C 2.My teacher’s voice _____ sweet. We all like her songs. A. feels B. smells C. looks D. sounds D ①实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为 不及物动词和及物动词。 eg：I___________ you.我同意你的观点。 I _________ my mother.我爱我的母亲。 love 不及物动词 不可直接加宾语，需加上介词，没有被动语态 主+ 谓 及物动词 本身意义不完整，其后直接跟宾语才能表达完整的意义。 主+ 谓+宾 2.实义动词 agree with agree 是不及物动词 love 是及物动词 ) 及物 动词的搭配 及物动词+宾语 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Please give me the book. =Please give the book to me. 请把那本书给我。 常见的后跟双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy , lend, pass, teach, throw, tell 等。 We saw the girl playing under the tree. 我们看到那个女孩正在树下玩。 I learn English every day.(English是learn的宾语) 我每天都学英语。 实义动词巩固练习 1.Tom每天七点钟到达学校. Tom ________ school at seven every day. Tom_______school at seven o’clock every day. 2.我们校长昨天给我们讲了一个真实的故事。 Our headmaster _______a real story yesterday. 3.我通常六点半吃早饭。 I usually______________ at half past six. arrives at gets to told us told a real story to us have/eat breakfast 2）不及物动词本身词义完整，其后不需要加宾语。 ①不及物动词可单独使用，即：主语＋不及物动词。例如： He studied very hard .他学习非常刻苦。 ②不及物动词加介词组成动词短语，再加宾语，即主语＋不及物动词＋介词＋宾语。 例如： I arrived at the cinema at 9 a . m ．我9点钟到达电影院。 3）有些动词既可作不及物动词也可作及物动词。例如： He studies very hard ．他学习非常刻苦。( study 被用作不及物动词） He studies English very hard ．他学习英语非常刻苦。( study 被用作及物动词） 温馨提示： 动词加介词或副词称为动词短语，动词短语的构成基本有下列几种： 1）动词＋副词，如 give up、turn off、try on、run away、put away 等。 2）动词＋介词，如 look into、look for、look after、wait for、agree with、fall behind 等。 3）动词＋副词＋介词，如 look forward to、come up with 等。 在"动词＋副词"结构中，若宾语为名词，则该名词既可放在动词与副词之间，也可放在副词之后。若宾语为代词，则放在动词与副词之间。例如： Put your shirt on ./ Put on your shirt .（名词放两边） Please put it on .（代词放中间） 在"动词＋介词"结构中，宾语放在介词后。例如： I have arrived at the bus station ．我已到车站了。 He laughed He runs She waited It is looking I am listening me. her. them. the painting. the music. 主 谓 宾 at after for at to vi. prep. 4.You’d better ______ smoking, ______ you will get ill. A. go on; so B. give up; and C. give up; or C 5.How long does it _____ you to wash all the dishes? A. take B. use C. spend A 3.助动词 do does did be 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词连用，帮助构成各种时态，语态，否定句，和疑问句等。 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 进行时： 将来时： will would 完成时： have has had exercise 1.My mother ________ reading a newspaper at nine o’clock last night. 2.The trees ________ planted every year. (人们)每年都会种树。 3.He has a big nose.(改为否定句） He a big nose 4.I have a red pen.(改为一般疑问句） have a red pen. 5.He ______ ______(visit) his grandparents next week. was are doesn't have Do you be + doing 进行时 be + done 被动语态 will visit 6. ---When _____ your brother _____ back? ---About half an hour ago. A. did; come B. had; come C. do; come D. have; come A 7.They say there ______ a new bridge across the river in two years. A. will have B. is going to be C. has B 4.情态动词 can may must should might have to 情态动词本身具有一定的意义，表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等，如“可能”、“应当”。不能单独做谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后面需接动词原形。 need can I/She/They can dance. 我/她/他们会跳舞。 （1）表示体力或智力上的能力，“能”“会” （2）表示请求或许可时，相当于may，“可以” Can I help you? = May I help you? Can I use your bike? = May I use your bike? （3）表示可能性 Can she be at home? 她可能在家吗？ No, she can’t be at home. 她不可能在家。 may —May I come in? （1）表示征求意见 （2）表示猜测，“可能” She may know the answer. She may be right. —Yes, you can/may. —No, you can’t/mustn’t. must —Must she leave? （1）必须 （2）表示猜测，“一定” She must know the answer. She must be right. —Yes, she must. —No, she needn’t/doesn’t have to. summary You have already tried your best, so you _____ worry about the matter. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t B 动词的基本形式 英语中动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数（现在式）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 1．动词的过去式与过去分词的构成 英语中，动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。 1）规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成见下表。 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 动词的基本形式——过去式和过去分词 规则变化 动词原形 过去式、过去分词 一般在动词词尾加­ed ask answer asked—asked answered—answered 以e结尾的动词，只加­d love dance loved－loved danced－danced 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加­ed try study tried—tried studied—studied 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加­ed play stay played—played stayed—stayed 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加­ed stop plan stopped—stopped planned—planned 2）不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成。① AAA 型：原形、过去式和过去分词同形。例如： cost - cost - cost put - put - put ② ABC 型：原形、过去式、过去分词完全不同。例如： fall - fell - fallen take - took - taken ③ AAB 型：原形和过去式同形。例如： beat - beat - beaten ④ ABA 型：原形和过去分词同形。例如： run - ran - run come - came - come ⑤ ABB 型：过去式和过去分词同形。例如： bring - brought - brought leave - left - left 2．动词现在分词的构成 构成规则 原形 现在分词 一般情况下在词尾加﹣ing study studying 以不发音的 e 结尾的词去e再加﹣ing take taking 以 ie 结尾的重读开音节词，先变ie为y ，再加﹣ing lie lying 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母加﹣ing put putting 写出下列词的现在分词形式 work . sleep . take . make . cut . put . lie . die . forget . begin . working sleeping taking making cutting putting lying dying forgetting beginning 动词的基本形式——第三人称单数 规则变化 动词 works grows guesses goes writes likes study--studies plays 一般在动词词尾加­s 以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加­es 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加­s 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加­es 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加­s 一. 接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词 admit doing sth.  承认做某事                  advise doing sth.  建议做某事 allow doing sth.  允许做某事                 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 avoid doing sth.  避免做某事                consider doing sth.  考虑做某事 delay doing sth. 推迟做某事                     deny doing sth.否认做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事       dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事        finish doing sth. 完成做某事 三、 英语最高频的8种动词搭配（老师可根据需要自行举例） give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 反复做某事 mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 二、接不定式（不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 三、接不定式作宾补的常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事​ 四. 接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel sb. do sth.感觉某人做了某事 have sb. do sth.使某人做某事hear sb. do sth.听见某人做了某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 listen to sb. do sth听见某人做了某事 look at sb. do sth.看着某人做了某事make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth.注意某人做了某事observe sb. do sth.观察某人做了某事 see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事watch sb. do sth.观察某人做了某事 五、接现在分词作宾补的常用动词 discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人正在做某事 look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 六、 四个主动形式表被动的词be worth doingwant / need / require doing (需要做……) = want/ need/ require to be done 七、 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的8个动词(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事(4) try to do sth. 努力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事 (8）stop to do 停下来去做（另外一件事） stop doing 停止做（正在做的事） 八、可接双宾语的常用动词(1) 双宾语换位置用介词to的常用动词 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb把某物借给mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人钱 post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb 把某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb 把某物带给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写某事 (2)双宾语换位置时需用介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb.为某人找到某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb 为某订购某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱歌 1　动词短语 ◆动词＋副词 1．bring out 拿出来；使表现出 2．blow out 吹灭 3．clean up 清扫；收拾干净 4．cheer up 使高兴起来；使振作 5．come back/go back 回来/回去 6．come round 苏醒；短暂访问 7．come out (花)开；出来；出版 8．come over 过来；顺便来访 9．check out 核实，调查 10．eat up 吃光 11．fall behind 落后 12．fall down 跌倒 13．give back 归还 14．get back 取回 15．get over 克服 16．get on/off 上车/下车 17．grow up 长大 18．give away 捐赠；分发 19．give up 放弃 20．hurry up 赶快 21．look out 小心 22．look up 查找 23．look around 环顾四周，到处看 24．put down 放下；记下 25．put away 收拾好 26．put on 穿上 27．put up 举起；张贴 28．put off 推迟 29．put out 扑灭；熄灭 30．pick up 捡起；(开车)接人 31．run away 逃跑，逃走 32．slow down 减缓，减速 33．set off 出发，动身 34．turn on/off 打开/关上 35．turn up/down 调大/调小 36．take out 取出 37．think over 考虑 38．take off 脱下；起飞 39．take away 拿走 40．work out 算出 41．write down 记下 42．wake up 唤醒 [提示] 若动副短语后接的宾语是名词，那么该名词既可以放在两词中间，也可以放在副词后面；如果宾语是代词，则只能放在两词中间。且代词用宾格形式如： You'd better pick the students up/pick up the students before 7: 00. 你最好在7点前开车接这些学生们。 —It's hot today, isn't it? —Yes, it is. Why not ________ your coat. A．take place B．take out C．take after D．take off [答案] D —These problems are too hard to ________. Will you give me some advice? —There are many ways, but the most important is to have a careful plan. A．work out B．look out C．hand out D．put out [答案] A ◆动词＋介词 1．arrive at/in 到达…… 2．ask for 寻求，索要 3．agree with 同意…… 4．belong to 属于 5．depend on 依靠，依赖 6．fall off 跌落 7．feed on 以……为食 8．get to 到达 9．get up 起床 10．hear of 听说 11．hear from 收到某人的来信 12．help…with… 在(某方面)帮助(某人) 13．knock at/on 敲(门、窗) 14．look for 寻找 15．look after 照看；照顾 16．look like 看上去像…… 17．look over (仔细)检查 18．listen to 听…… 19．laugh at 嘲笑 20．stop…from… 阻止……做…… 21．talk to/with 对…说，和…谈话 22．talk about 谈论 23．think of 想起 24．wait for 等候 25．pay for 为……付钱 Can you help me to ________ my dog when I'm away on holiday? A．look after B．look for C．look at D．look like [答案] A ◆动词＋名词 1．do one's homework 做作业 2．do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力 3．go boating/swimming/shopping 去划船/去游泳/去购物 4．have a cold/a cough/a headache 患感冒/咳嗽/头痛 5．have a try 尝试；努力 6．have a look 看一看 7．have a rest 休息 8．have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早/午/晚餐 9．have fun 玩得高兴 10．hold a sports meeting 举行运动会 11．make a decision 作出决定 12．make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 13．make a noise 吵闹 14．make faces 做鬼脸 15．make friends 交朋友 16．make money 赚钱 17．play chess 下国际象棋 18．take turns 轮流 19．take photos 照相 20．take one's time 不着急，慢慢来 All of us sometimes ________ and nobody is perfect. A．make friends B．make money C．make mistakes D．make a noise [答案] C ◆动词＋副词＋介词 1．catch up with 赶上 2．come up with找到答案；想出解决办法 3．do well in 在某方面做得好 4．get on well with 与……相处融洽 5．look forward to 盼望；期待 —I'm sure you'll ________ a better way to solve the problem. —Thank you, Mr. Zhang. I'll work harder. A．get on with B．come up with C．go on with D．catch up with [解析] B ◆动词＋名词＋介词 1．take care of 照顾 2．give thanks to 向……致谢 3．pay attention to 注意 4．say goodbye/hello/sorry to 向……道别/打招呼/道歉 Our teacher lets us ________ these words because they are very important. A．forget B．pay attention to C．to forget D．to pay attention to [答案] B ◆动词十其他 1．come true 实现 2．make sure 确保 3．enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 4．help oneself to 随便享用 5．take it easy 放松 Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to________there are no mistakes. A．look for B．make sure C．find out D．pick up [答案] B 1.—The scientists________two months searching the woods for the strange bird. —What an exciting experiment! A. took B. cost C. stayed D. spent [解析] D　 take表示“花费”，常用于“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型中； cost表示“花费”，主语必须是物；stay意为“保持；停留”； spend表示“花费”，常用于“sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.”句型中。 根据句意及主语The scientists可知选D。 练习 2.He ________ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot. A. protected B. produced C. joined D. received [解析] C　 prodect意为“保护”， produce意为“生产”， join意为“参加”， receive意为“收到”。句意：他去年参加了一个英语俱乐部，英语水平有了很大的提高。故选C。 (　　)3.I don't ________ the heat, for I'm used to hot weather. A．like B．mind C．know D．stand B 根据“我习惯于热天气”可知这里的意思是“我不介意这个热度”。 mind意为“介意”。 (　　)4.Rose finished her study in the university and went to _______ a good job. A．take after B．look after C．care for D．search for D (　　)5.—How did you ________ such a good idea? —I got it by accident. A．deal with B．get along with C．agree with D．come up with D 句意：“你是怎么想出这样一个好主意的？”“我偶然想到的。”come up with意为“想出”。故选D。 6.—I'm sure I can ________ Millie in the match. —It's great to be confident! I don't believe you will lose to her. A．lose B．beat C．fail D．win B 表示“战胜某人”用beat。 7．If anybody calls, tell them I'm out and ask them to ________their names and addresses. A．pass B．write C．take D．leave D 8．My uncle called and asked me if I had ______the birthday gift from him. A．invented B．raised C．received D．ordered 9．This silk dress ________so smooth.It's made in China. A．feels B．smells C．sounds D．tastes 10．—Dad, can I go to the movies tonight? —Sure，but you ______come back home before 9 o'clock. A．can B．must C．may D．might C A B 11．—Must I be home before eight o'clock, Mum? —No，you _______.But you have to come back before ten o'clock. A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't 12.Anyone who sings well can ______the activity in our school. A．take part in B．take off C．take out D．take care of 13. My brother ________ to move the heavy box, but I didn't give up. A．reminded B．refused C．agreed D．considered A A B 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 75 动词短语 summary 熟记动词搭配，熟记短语动词，做题会事半功倍。 加油！ 解题技巧 Thank You 78 $$