精品解析：2024届北京市朝阳区高三下学期第二次六校联考英语试题

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had ____1____. As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out. A job advertisement for an editor for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was successful. My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n)____2____of games and dull reviews, so I was ____3____ when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare.____4____, I found something I was interested in. I felt a ____5____ in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and ______6______ the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices._____7_____in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. As our website _____8_____ increased and the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted, I developed a greater understanding of what young people might want to read. The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to _____9_____ each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to ________10________ their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 1. A. purpose B. convenience C. restriction D. entertainment 2. A. replacement B. mixture C. innovation D. symbol 3. A. amused B. embarrassed C. touched D. surprised 4. A. Naturally B. Generally C. Frequently D. Finally 5. A. contrast B. shock C. change D. shame 6. A. reading B. translating C. spelling D. copying 7. A. Trapped B. Hidden C. Invested D. Imagined 8. A. hits B. pages C. profits D. advertisements 9. A. leave behind B. go into C. refer to D. set aside 10. A. transfer B. rescue C. discipline D. further 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The protection of the Yellow River is one of the top concerns for Chinese leadership. In the past two decades, the Chinese government ____11____ (strengthen) the protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, ____12____ (make) various wild birds gather in this area. The rising number of wild birds has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, who are very thankful for ____13____ the government has done for the people. Further efforts will be made to bring more beautiful environment to the Yellow River. B 语法填空 The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as ____14____(base) as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access ____15____ a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying ___16___unsuitable item that is not really wanted. In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association has conducted many studies ___17___ findings show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. C 语法填空 A video went viral online that showed a man saving a 2-year-old girl who ______18______ (stick) in the burglar bars of her apartment in Nanning. On Sunday, the toddler, who was home alone, climbed to the balcony of her home on the fifth floor and became____19____ (trap) in the burglar bars. Xu Hongwei, a former member of the armed police, climbed up the building’s balconies ____20____(reach) the girl and held her up with hands to keep her from falling for nearly half an hour. He comforted her by saying, “I am with you. Come on, climb down the balcony.” The girl was finally saved with the help of other neighbors. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion(凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US. Gotham Greens Where: New York &Chicago What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students Where: Baltimore, Maryland What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS)program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces and have never had the opportunity to grow food. ReVision Urban Farm Where: Boston, Massachusetts What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home-a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty, Swale Where: New York What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines-each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的)relationship. 21. What is special about(Gotham Greens)? A. It offers homeless families information on healthy eating. B. It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. C. It provides job training for students. D. It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food. 22. Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience? A Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students B. Swale C. Revision Urban Farm D. Gotham Greens 23. What do these four urban gardens have in common? A. They create job opportunities for farmers. B. They are inspirational multinational project. C. They are important for city dwellers(居民, 居住者). D. They have educational and entertaining purposes. B In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something. Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself. In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking. Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar. Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries. Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles. 24. Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______. A. food packaging generated tons of waste B. plastic litters posed a threat to marine life C. people formed the bad habit of wasting food D. lots of food produced worldwide went to waste 25. Which of the following can best describe Miller? A. Brave and cautious. B. Caring and humorous. C. Creative and determined. D. Optimistic and thoughtful. 26. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile. B. Miller stopped her business during the pandemic. C. Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic. D. Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money. C In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism” of course, includes humans. In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read—and potentially matched with individuals—by anyone with the right equipment. The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA. They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their trawl (拖网). What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined. Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and in Ireland they found human DNA in rivers, with concentrations especially high as they flowed through towns. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms in which humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromo some. They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 27 Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A. It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B. It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C. It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D. It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 28. In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”. A. familiar B. accidental C. insensitive D. regular 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B. As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C. An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA. D. eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 30. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B. The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C. Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D. Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons D In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great “growth industry”, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching. 31. According to the passage, ________ should be the most important function of institutions of higher education. A. creating new knowledge B. providing solutions to social problems C. making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students D preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge 32. In American universities, there is a contradiction (矛盾) between ________. A. more students and less investment B. education quality and economic profit C. low enrollment rate and high dropout rate D. private ownership and American commitment 33. Which is True about American universities? A. Most teachers are devoted to improving their competence in instruction. B. Research occupies more resources and teachers’ attention than teaching. C. The institutions’ organization tends to meet the demands of teaching. D. The lack of trained faculty leads to the decline in the quality of researches. 34. We can infer from the passage that________. A. high quality attracts students to stay in public universities B. the American commitment is to blame for all the difficulties C. higher education used to have a priority in government budgets D. the increasing expenses for each student drain the national resources 第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. ____35____ Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. ____36____ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. ____37____ The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. ____38____ The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. ____39____ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A. Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B. Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C. Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D. This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F. Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读表达 I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”. However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement. Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统) to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself. Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together. Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So, now’s the time to start exploring! 40. What problem does the writer have according to the passage? _________________________________________________________ 41. According to the passage, what can we do to improve the sense of direction? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why. To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. _________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to the ways mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to find your ways in a new place? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假如你是李华，你校这学期进行了一系列的英语讲座，上周邀请外教Jim做了关于英语词汇学习的讲座，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并说明原因； 2.建议下周讲解内容。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had ____1____. As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out. A job advertisement for an editor for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was successful. My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n)____2____of games and dull reviews, so I was ____3____ when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare.____4____, I found something I was interested in. I felt a ____5____ in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and ______6______ the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices._____7_____in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. As our website _____8_____ increased and the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted, I developed a greater understanding of what young people might want to read. The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to _____9_____ each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to ________10________ their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 1. A. purpose B. convenience C. restriction D. entertainment 2. A. replacement B. mixture C. innovation D. symbol 3. A. amused B. embarrassed C. touched D. surprised 4. A. Naturally B. Generally C. Frequently D. Finally 5 A. contrast B. shock C. change D. shame 6. A. reading B. translating C. spelling D. copying 7. A. Trapped B. Hidden C. Invested D. Imagined 8. A. hits B. pages C. profits D. advertisements 9 A. leave behind B. go into C. refer to D. set aside 10. A. transfer B. rescue C. discipline D. further 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了放弃了自己不喜欢且感觉没有目标的工作，去应聘了一个编辑工作，帮年轻人改稿子，作者觉得非常开心，觉得自己改变了很多，对工作充满热情，对年轻人也很有帮助。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢做我觉得有意义的事情。A. purpose目的意图，意义价值；B. convenience便利；C. restriction限制，约束；D. entertainment娱乐。根据上文“I didn’t really understand whether it applied to me”可知，作者不知道为什么从事当时的那份工作，所以推测，作者喜欢做有意义的事，下文“I had a purpose again.”中purpose是原词复现。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为这本杂志会是一堆游戏和无聊评论的混合体，所以当我看到最初的一篇文章是关于社会福利的时候，我感到很惊讶。A. replacement取代，替代品；B. mixture混合；C. innovation创新；D. symbol符号，象征。根据下文“of games and dull reviews”可知，作者应该是猜想年轻人写内容多是这两种的混合。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. amused被逗笑的，愉悦的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. touched感动的；D. surprised惊讶的，出乎意料的。根据下文“when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare. ____4____ , I found something I was interested in”可知，作者原以为会看到年轻人作品会很无聊，事实看到写的是社会福利这样有意义的社会问题，所以作者感到很惊讶。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：终于，我找到了我感兴趣的事情。A. Naturally自然而然地；B. Generally一般来说；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Finally最后，终于。根据上文“As the months passed, I felt it just wasn’t for me. I needed to find a way out.”以及下文“I found something I was interested in.”可知，几个月过去了作者没有找到合适的工作，终于找到自己喜欢又有意义的工作。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻感到我的内心发生了变化。A. contrast对比；B. shock震惊；C. change变化，改变；D. shame羞耻。原来做的是不适合自己的工作，现在是自己很喜欢的工作，心情是变化了。下文“I had a purpose again.”以及“The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being”都说明作者感受到了自己的变化，其中change是原词复现。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天的时间在讨论热点话题和阅读他们的强烈和坚持己见的声音中过去了。A. reading阅读；B. translating翻译；C. spelling拼写；D. copying复制。根据上文“My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work.”作者的工作是编辑，应该是首先要阅读表达年轻人观点的文章，再进行修改指导编辑。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入到他们的世界中，我可以看到自己对团队的写作能力有很大的影响。A. Trapped困住；B. Hidden隐藏；C. Invested投资，投入；D. Imagined想象。根据上文“Days were lost to discussing hot topics and ______6______ the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices.”可知，作者我喜欢这份工作，后面表示对这些年轻人的习作能力有了很大的影响，说明作者应该是全身心地投入的工作中。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击量的增加，并且我们的工作也在随之转变，反映我们的读者想要什么，我对年轻人可能想要读什么有了更深入的了解。A. hits点击量；B. pages页数；C. profits利润；D. advertisements广告。下文“the work shifted to reflect what our audiences wanted”说明网站点击量增多了，故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你很难找到自己喜欢的工作，一份你每天都乐意投入的工作。A. leave behind甩在后面；B. go into参加，开始从事；C. refer to参考，提及，指的是；D. set aside暂时搁置一边。根据上文“The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being”以及下文“I was thriving in this creative environment”可知，作者找到了一份自己喜爱的工作，每天很投入地去做(go into)。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在这种创造性的环境下很充实，我帮助这些有才华的年轻人取得事业的进一步发展，而我也深受鼓舞启发。A. transfer转移，移交；B. rescue救援；C. discipline纪律，惩罚；D. further使进一步，推进。作者作为编辑帮这些年轻作者修改稿子，提高他们的写作能力，应该是推动了他们的事业更进一步发展。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The protection of the Yellow River is one of the top concerns for Chinese leadership. In the past two decades, the Chinese government ____11____ (strengthen) the protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, ____12____ (make) various wild birds gather in this area. The rising number of wild birds has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, who are very thankful for ____13____ the government has done for the people. Further efforts will be made to bring more beautiful environment to the Yellow River. 【答案】11. has strengthened 12. making 13. what 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府加强保护黄河沿岸湿地，取得了成果并得到了认可。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去20年里，中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。根据时间状语In the past two decades可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese government是单数，谓语动词应用has strengthened。故填has strengthened。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，中国政府加强对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，自然产生的结果是使得各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区，所以空处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 【13题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：野生鸟类数量的增加给观鸟者带来了好处，他们非常感谢政府为人民所做的一切。分析句子，空处引导从句作介词for的宾语，连接词在宾语从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。 B 语法填空 The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as ____14____(base) as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access ____15____ a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying ___16___unsuitable item that is not really wanted. In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association has conducted many studies ___17___ findings show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. 【答案】14. basic 15. to 16. an 17. whose 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更多的选择导致人们产生了焦虑。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：购买像咖啡壶这样基本的东西并不简单。此处应用形容词作定语修饰代词something，故填basic。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：方便地接触到各种各样的日常用品导致许多人产生无力感，最终导致购物者放弃并走开，或者只是买了一件并不真正想要的不合适的商品。此处考查固定搭配access to“接触/使用”，故填to。 【16题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。item为泛指，用不定冠词，且unsuitable是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在过去的两年里，中国消费者协会进行了多次调查，结果表明，几乎每个家庭购买的许多电子产品都不是真正需要的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是studies，在从句中作定语修饰findings，用whose引导，故填whose。 C 语法填空 A video went viral online that showed a man saving a 2-year-old girl who ______18______ (stick) in the burglar bars of her apartment in Nanning. On Sunday, the toddler, who was home alone, climbed to the balcony of her home on the fifth floor and became____19____ (trap) in the burglar bars. Xu Hongwei, a former member of the armed police, climbed up the building’s balconies ____20____(reach) the girl and held her up with hands to keep her from falling for nearly half an hour. He comforted her by saying, “I am with you. Come on, climb down the balcony.” The girl was finally saved with the help of other neighbors. 【答案】18. was stuck 19. trapped 20. to reach 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一名男子救了一名被卡在南宁公寓防盗栏里的两岁女孩。 【18题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：一段视频在网上疯传，视频显示一名男子救了一名被卡在南宁公寓防盗栏里的两岁女孩。定语从句修饰先行词2-year-old girl，在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was stuck。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：周日，这个独自在家的孩子爬上了五楼的阳台，被困在了防盗栅栏里。作表语，应用形容词trapped。故填trapped。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：徐宏伟，一名前武警队员，爬上大楼的阳台去找女孩，用手扶着她，不让她掉下去，持续了近半个小时。此处reach在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to reach。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion(凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US. Gotham Greens Where: New York &Chicago What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students Where: Baltimore Maryland What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS)program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces and have never had the opportunity to grow food. ReVision Urban Farm Where: Boston, Massachusetts What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home-a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty, Swale Where: New York What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines-each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的)relationship. 21. What is special about(Gotham Greens)? A. It offers homeless families information on healthy eating. B. It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. C. It provides job training for students. D. It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food. 22. Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience? A. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students B. Swale C. Revision Urban Farm D. Gotham Greens 23. What do these four urban gardens have in common? A. They create job opportunities for farmers. B. They are inspirational multinational project. C. They are important for city dwellers(居民, 居住者). D. They have educational and entertaining purposes. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力等等。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Gotham Greens(哥谭镇蔬菜)”部分中的“It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.(该公司正在使用带有太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保种植的食物是健康和可持续的。)”可知，它使用了高科技温室种植健康的食物。故选D项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章“Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生)”部分中的“Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.(这些孩子中的许多人没有机会接触绿色空间，也从来没有机会种植食物。)”可知，来这里进行园艺活动的孩子从来没有接触过农作，也从来没有机会尝试种植食物，由此可以推测出，该城市花园能向学生提供第一手的耕作经验。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community unity, make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more.(城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。他们提供绿色空间来种植可持续的食物，建立社区团结，结交新朋友，与地球联系等等。)”可知，文章主要讲的是城市花园对城市人们的影响。由此可以推出，后文提到的四个城市花园都对城镇居民来说很重要。故选C项。 B In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something. Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself. In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking. Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar. Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries. Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles. 24. Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______. A. food packaging generated tons of waste B. plastic litters posed a threat to marine life C. people formed the bad habit of wasting food D. lots of food produced worldwide went to waste 25. Which of the following can best describe Miller? A. Brave and cautious. B. Caring and humorous. C. Creative and determined. D. Optimistic and thoughtful. 26. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile. B. Miller stopped her business during the pandemic. C. Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic. D. Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miller通过开设了零废物杂货店，提供消毒玻璃杯或塑料容器来装食物。她通过这样的方式来告诉人们：没有包装就没有废品。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.(无论地点有多偏远，她都有同样令人震惊的发现：大量的塑料垃圾乱扔在水中，威胁着海洋生物。Miller知道她需要做点什么。)”和第二段“Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.(加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾，其中33%来自食品包装。全世界大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉了。米勒决心解决这个问题，他想象了一家比禁止塑料袋更进一步的商店——一个既避免了浪费包装又避免了浪费食物本身的坏习惯的地方。)”可知，Brianne Miller的创业想法来自于塑料垃圾对海洋生物构成威胁。故选B。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第三段中“In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy.(2018年6月，米勒在加拿大开设了她的第一家零废物杂货店。她将其命名为Nada，并确保一切都是为了让零浪费的购物体验变得容易。)”和第四段中“Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free.(Nada出售各种食品，都是100%无包装的。)”可知，Miller开设了零废物杂货店，说明她富有创造力；根据第二段中“Miller, determined to fix the problem(Miller，下定决心解决这个问题……)”和倒数第二段中“Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way.(尽管疫情初期的生意很艰难，但Miller及时转向了在线订购和送货，尽管是以一种非常简单的方式。)”可知，Miller认准了目标，就会下定决心去实现它，说明她有决心。因此可用creative和determined来描述Miller。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.(这些容器所做的不仅仅是减少浪费。正如Miller所希望的那样，它们让人们胸怀大志。“它们都贴上了Nada贴纸，所以你可以看到这个容器被使用了多少次，”她说，然后笑了。)”可推知，Miller的努力不仅减少了浪费，而且让人们认识到环保的重要性，她认为她的努力是值得的。故选A。 C In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism,” of course, includes humans. In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read—and potentially matched with individuals—by anyone with the right equipment. The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA. They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their trawl (拖网). What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined. Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and in Ireland they found human DNA in rivers, with concentrations especially high as they flowed through towns. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms in which humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromo some. They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 27. Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A. It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B. It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C. It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D. It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 28. In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”. A. familiar B. accidental C. insensitive D. regular 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B. As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C. An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA. D. eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 30. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B. The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C. Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D. Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome.(一是每个生物都有自己的化学身份证，以基因组的形式存在。)”和“Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where.(尿液，粘在树篱上的皮毛，甚至脱落的皮肤细胞：所有这些都将DNA沉积到环境中。廉价的基因测序使科学家能够从土壤、沙子、水等中获取这种“环境DNA”(eDNA)，并用它来跟踪哪些物种生活在哪里。)”可知，“环境DNA”里有DNA，而DNA包含了物种的遗传信息，因此关于eDNA正确的说法是D选项“It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species.(它包含了各种物种的丰富遗传信息。)”，故选D。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease.(这项工作始于佛罗里达州的Witney Sea Turtle Hospital，当时正在调查一种海龟病毒性疾病。)”和第四段“What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found.(据惠特尼医院的生物学家、该论文的作者之一Jessica Farrell说，令人惊讶的是他们发现了如此多的人类DNA。)”可知，人类DNA是无意中被发现的，划线词所在句子表示“研究人员称这种现象为“无意的人类遗传副产品”，但他们并没有开始研究这种现象”，划线词inadvertent的意思是“无意的”，和accidental意思相近。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons.(该论文的另一位作者David Duffy说，他们找到的DNA的数量和质量“远远超过”纳入美国失踪人口数据库的最低要求。出于道德原因，Dr Duffy和他的同事们并没有试图在他们的研究中识别个体。)”可知，eDNA在身份确认中的应用引起了人们的担忧。故选A。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort.(在5月15日发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的一篇论文中，来自美国和欧洲的一组研究人员报告说，这种eDNA调查收集了大量的人类和动物DNA。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用，因此本文最好的题目是C选项“Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples(人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在)”。故选C。 D In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great “growth industry”, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching. 31. According to the passage, ________ should be the most important function of institutions of higher education. A. creating new knowledge B. providing solutions to social problems C. making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students D. preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge 32. In American universities, there is a contradiction (矛盾) between ________. A. more students and less investment B. education quality and economic profit C. low enrollment rate and high dropout rate D. private ownership and American commitment 33. Which is True about American universities? A. Most teachers are devoted to improving their competence in instruction. B. Research occupies more resources and teachers’ attention than teaching. C. The institutions’ organization tends to meet the demands of teaching. D. The lack of trained faculty leads to the decline in the quality of researches. 34. We can infer from the passage that________. A. high quality attracts students to stay in public universities B. the American commitment is to blame for all the difficulties C. higher education used to have a priority in government budgets D. the increasing expenses for each student drain the national resources 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者就美国大学现在存在的问题进行了论述，作者从美国社会越来越依赖大学谈起，探讨了现在美国大学的尴尬局面，科研和教学无法兼顾，美国大学到底是要科研还是要教学？ 【31题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中“In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. (此外，这种专注于创造新知识的做法，对大学履行其他主要职能、传播和解释知识——传授过去的遗产以及为下一代继承遗产做准备的努力产生了重大影响)”可知，高等教育的主要任务是知识的传承与解释——对过去遗产的传播和教育年青一代并将其发扬，D项“储备学生去传输遗产历史知识”与作者的观点一致。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段“With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. (关于这一点，也许是他们最传统的公认任务，今天的学院和大学普遍发现自己陷入了严重的困境。一方面，美国承诺为所有能从中获益的年轻人提供高等教育，这一承诺尤其是自二战以来达成的。这一承诺的结果是，我们大学的入学人数大幅增加，同时高等教育从私立部门向公立部门发生了根本性转变。另一方面，高等教育可用的资源仍然存在着严重和持久的局限性)”可知，目前很多美国大学和学院常常处于一种尴尬的境地就是学生越来越多，但高等教育可用资源有限，即A项“更多的学生和更少的投入”。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段“Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching. (如上所述，加剧这些困难是因为对研究的担忧，因为研究对资源的要求相互矛盾，并引起了教员的关注。此外，大学的组织机构和功能存在着强烈的倾向性，即满足科研而不是满足教育的需要)”可知，就美国大学和学院而言，研究比教学占用更多的资源和教师的注意力。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中的“With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. (随着入学率的大幅度提高和国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，公立大学花在每个大学生身上的钱已经明显下降)”可知，现在国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，说明以前高等教育在国家和各州的财政上是有优先权的。故选C项。 第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. ____35____ Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. ____36____ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. ____37____ The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. ____38____ The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. ____39____ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A. Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B. Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C. Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D. This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F. Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 【答案】35. G 36. D 37. C 38. E 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。 【35题详解】 根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。故选C项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A项。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读表达 I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”. However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement. Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统) to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself. Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together. Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So, now’s the time to start exploring! 40. What problem does the writer have according to the passage? _________________________________________________________ 41. According to the passage, what can we do to improve the sense of direction? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why. To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. _________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to the ways mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to find your ways in a new place? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The sense of direction is absolutely terrible. 41. Study the map before departure, focus fully, try to relax, get lost, increase mental maps, and explore more 42. To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. Because getting lost will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. 43. Using the Sun: during the day, the sun generally points south at noon. Using Stars: at night, the North Star is located due north and is the best sign to search for the north. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们如何培养自己的方向感。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible (我非常有兴趣研究如何提高你的方向感，因为我自己的方向感绝对很糟糕)”可知，作者的问题是方向感很差，故答案为The sense of direction is absolutely terrible. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits (在出发前研究地图并记住路线确实有好处)”、第五段“Paying full attention is key too. (全神贯注也是关键。)”、第六段“Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. (当你在陌生的地方时，试着放松。)”、第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方和为不断增长的心理地图添加更多细节的最佳方式之一—从长远来看，这两种方式都将帮助你变得“更聪明”。)”、最后一段“Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So, now’s the time to start exploring! (最后，你的方向感是一种要么使用要么失去的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的方式，它永远不会变得更好。现在是时候开始探索了。)”可知，提高方向感的方法有：出发前研究地图、全神贯注、试着放松、迷路和增加心里地图以及多多探索，故答案为Study the map before departure, focus fully, try to relax, get lost, increase mental maps, and explore more。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方和为不断增长的心理地图添加更多细节的最佳方式之一—从长远来看，这两种方式都将帮助你变得“更聪明”。)”可知，迷路帮助你变得“更聪明”，故答案为To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. Because getting lost will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. 【43题详解】 考查开放回答。只要能够科学的指出辨明方向的方法即可，故答案为Using the Sun: during the day, the sun generally points south at noon. Using Stars: at night, the North Star is located due north and is the best sign to search for the north. 第二节(20分) 44. 假如你是李华，你校这学期进行了一系列的英语讲座，上周邀请外教Jim做了关于英语词汇学习的讲座，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并说明原因； 2.建议下周讲解的内容。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you very much indeed for the wonderful lecture you gave on English vocabulary learning. I’ve learnt really a lot from the lecture, because you helped me overcome the bottleneck of vocabulary memorization. However, I am still puzzled by some difficulties in reading, especially when it comes to strange words. For example, I find it hard to guess the unfamiliar words when reading. Would you please give me some advice? Would you give a speech about the use of different words in different contexts next week? I would be really grateful if you could help me out. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所在校这学期进行了一系列的英语讲座，上周邀请外教Jim做了关于英语词汇学习的讲座，请考生给他写一封邮件，表达感谢并说明原因并建议下周讲解的内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth.→assist sb. to do sth. 克服：overcome→get over 困惑的：puzzled→confused 建议：advice→suggestion 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：For example, I find it hard to guess the unfamiliar words when reading. 拓展句：For example, I find that it is hard to guess the unfamiliar words when reading. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Thank you very much indeed for the wonderful lecture you gave on English vocabulary learning. (运用了省略that或者which引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I’ve learnt really a lot from the lecture, because you helped me overcome the bottleneck of vocabulary memorization. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$