02.Unit 1 Using language（课件+练习）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Using language 一、单词拼写 1. If you’re going hiking in the mountains, a decent pair of boots is e . (adj. necessary; indispensable; most important) 2. What i me was their ability to deal with any problem. 3. He has an outstanding performance and d to be the leader. 4. The teacher i on us the importance of being curious. 5. What i me most was their excellent performance in the match. 6. The trees that block the view of the oncoming (迎面而来的) traffic d cutting down. 7. The people’s honesty and enthusiasm of that country has i us deeply. 8. The teachers were deeply i by Amy's excellent performance in the last exam. 9. It is e (completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity) that you have some experience. 10. I wish you could i on John that he must pass these exams. (to make the importance of something very clear to somebody) 11. It is e that our diet should be varied and balanced. 12. If you do something wrong, you d punishment. 13. It i me greatly that she should even speak five languages fluently. 14. An emergency fund is an e part of smart money management. Once you have the funds to cover emergencies, you’ll be a lot more financially secure and will have a lot more peace of mind. (adj. completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity) 15. He was i by the fast development of Xiongan New Area the first time he visited it. 16. He was deeply i by the success of his elder sister who had been admitted to a key university. 17. Congratulations again on your son’s promotion at the department. He d it. 18. You’re very able. You d a better job. 19. The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, d rewarding. 20. Humor has been an e part of human behavior for thousands of years. 21. What i me most about sea horses is that the males would hatch the eggs(孵蛋). 22. What i me most is that Yang Qian who comes from Tsinghua University won the first gold medal in 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. 23. E services such as gas, water and electricity will be improved next month. 24. Most authorities agree that play is an e part of a child’s development. 25. Solving the problem of medical supply shortages is e to the prevention and control of Covid-19. 26. You’ve been working all morning — you d a rest. 27. The barber shaved the old man g to make him comfortable. 28. What i me most was that all the teachers were positive. 29. The e difference between this class and other French classes is that this is intended for business people. 30. Protein is e for our body and improves our body’s resistance to infection. 31. Computer skills are e for success in today's business environment. 32. The Chinese saying“礼尚往来”can be translated into “One good turn d another” in English. 33. Having something to do, something to love, and something to hope for is e for a happy life. 34. I by his speech, the freshman made up his mind to devote himself to learning. 35. Humour has been an e part of human behaviour. 36. Exercise is an e part of a healthy lifestyle. 37. The teachers and students were deeply i by your wonderful performance on the stage. 38. It is e (vital) that our prices remain competitive. 39. As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be i by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. 40. To keep healthy, it is e that your diet should be varied and balanced. 二、完成句子 41. In a world still facing so many problems, (对我们来说极其重要) to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity. 42. I enjoy after­class activities, (这能使我的生活丰富多彩). 43. He passed the exam, (这使他的父母很高兴). 44. , a fire breaks out because of carelessness. , remember to keep calm. can you jump from the top of a high building, which is dangerous. You may call 119 or 110 an emergency. （用case的相关短语填空） 45. At dusk, we came to a lonely hut, (屋顶是茅草盖的). (make) 46. My mum enjoys （对我的穿着评头论足，这让我非常焦虑stress）. 47. Another spaceship was sent up into space successfully, (这使我们感到非常自豪). 48. (寓意活力，和谐，统一的中国结是一种独一无二的艺术品 symbolize), and embodies people’s best wishes. 49. (常言道/俗话说), failure is the mother of success. 50. (如图所示), more people prefer to travel in October. 51. This is the book, (它的封面) is designed by Mr Jones. 52. It is worthwhile to make an attempt at the digital imaging technology, (它有助于提高效率) 53. In the English corner, I meet many friends, with me (他们和我有着同样的兴趣). 54. All things were great, especially the desserts and drinks, (这给我留下很深的印象)。 55. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, (它是一个重要站点) along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. 56. He won the first prize, (这使他的父母很高兴). 57. All the neighbours admire this family, like friends(在这个家里，父母就像朋友一样对待他们的孩子). 58. The animated version of The Three-Body Problem, which (改编自畅销科幻小说，adapt), met mixed responses from the audience since its release in December. 59. (让人们印象最深的) about Yuan Long Ping is his outgoing ability to fulfill his dreams. （根据汉语意思完成句子） 60. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, (这让其他人不高兴). 三、阅读理解 1 Jean Craighead George was born in Washington, D. C. in 1919. Her interest in nature and animals came early arid maybe from her father. He worked for the National Forest Service. The family spent a lot of time in wooded areas. Jean and her twin brothers learned how to build shelters and find food in the woods. Her brothers trained falcons (猎鹰). Jean said they gave her a falcon to train when she was 13 years old. Later the main character in one of her books develops a close relationship with a falcon. She and her family started exploring wilderness areas all over the country. The family had more than 170 animals, although not all at once. The pets were always free to stay or go. Her career in children’s literature began in 1948 with the publication of her first book, Vulpes: The Red Fox. Eleven years later came My Side of the Mountain, one of the best loved children’s books ever. It tells the story of Sam Gribley who escapes the busy life of New York City. He goes to live in the wilderness of the Catskill Mountains. Sam makes friends with several animals, including a falcon he calls Frightful. Jean Craighead George said she wrote it to tell about all the wonderful adventures she experienced as a child in the woods. In 1973, Jean Craighead George won a Newberry Medal for Julie of the Wolves. She had earlier travelled to Barrow, Alaska and met with scientists there. They taught her how to communicate with wolves. The author said she was finally successful with a beautiful female wolf. She knew then she wanted to write about a little Eskimo girl lost on the frozen land. Julie survives by learning how to talk to the wolves. They then help protect her. Jean Craighead George hoped her works in fiction would help children enjoy the wilderness and also protect it. Her own children follows in her footsteps. Her daughter writes books about nature for children. One son is a whale researcher. The other studies birds. Jean Craighead George died at a hospital in New York City, where she lived most of her adult life. 61. What is implied in the first paragraph about Jean？ A. She liked to do outdoor activities. B. She had the ability of living in the wilderness. C. She didn’t get enough food to eat at home. D. She had to work harder to support the family. 62. In Jean’s family, pets ________. A. were left alone al home B. were traditional ones like dogs and cats C. enjoyed freedom to leave or not D. was fed with food at the same time 63. What was Jean’s My Side of the Mountain based on？ A. Her early life in New York City. B. The history of her family in New York. C. The legend in the Catskill Mountains. D. Her early experience in the woods. 64. When did Jean want to write Julie of the Wolves？ A. After she learned how to communicate with a wolf. B. After she met an Eskimo girl in Alaska. C. After she was saved by wolves in travelling Alaska. D. After she learned many stories about wolves. 2 Is smile just a facial expression? Of course not! It is not only used to express pleasure, affection, and friendliness, but also the commonest way to show our good will perfectly without saying anything. It is a time­proven fact that smile is a universal symbol that can be understood by the people of every nation in the world. One day while shopping, I met a clerk who seemed quite unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing, and marched angrily out of the store. On the outside stood a young man in his early twenties. His expressive brown eyes met and held mine, and in an instant a beautiful, brilliant smile covered his face. The magic power of that smile made all bitterness within me melt, and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding. “Beautiful day, isn’t it?” I remarked when passing. Then, obeying an impulse (冲动), I turned back. “I really owe you a debt of gratitude, ”I said softly. His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. His companions—a Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby. “Carlos, he speaks no English, ”the woman volunteered. “You want me to tell him something?” “Yes, ”my reply was enthusiastic and sincere, “please tell him I said, ‘Thank you! ’” “Thank you?” the woman seemed slightly confused. I gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave. “Just tell him that,” I insisted. “He’ll understand, I am sure !” Although I have never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning. From that day on, I was conscious of the power of smile, and I practiced the art diligently. 65. Why did the author go angrily out of the store? A. He was unsatisfied with the goods. B. He quarreled with another customer. C. He was rude towards the assistant. D. He was mad at the unfriendly clerk. 66. What can we know from the text? A. The author met a helping hand while shopping. B. The Mexican woman was helpful and diligent. C. The smile lightened the author’s mood greatly. D. The author always uses smile to solve problems. 67. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. A Rigid Clerk B. A Powerful Smile C. A Helpful Woman D. An Impressive Young Man 四、语法填空 1 But my connection with pandas goes back 68 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 69 I was the first Western TV reporter 70 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ...  On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 71 (it) mother. 2 Kenneth Williams 72 (consider) one of the greatest British comedy actors of the twentieth century. His voice is his outstanding gift; it virtually defined him as a 73 (perform). Williams would often spend weeks deciding how a character should sound and this “voice” determined his approach to each role. 74 even after he had chosen his “voice”, he didn’t always stick to it. In the middle of 75 single performance, he would sometimes change the tone or speed of his speech, for 76 (great) comic effect. While still a beginner, he felt he should be given the freedom to do as he wished on stage and often 77 (ignore) his directors’ instructions. This greatly annoyed some directors, who refused 78 (work) with him. Sometimes, he would completely ignore the script and make up his own lines during performance. Although he was proud of his ability to go “off scripts”, he became extremely angry if other actors tried to do the same, 79 (argue) that they were simply not good at it. Williams loved to make his audience laugh. When performing a scene 80 there were few laughs, he would often make up 81 own jokes, which always entertained the audience, but sometimes also ruined the scene. 参考答案 一、 1. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你要去山里徒步旅行，一双像样的靴子是必不可少的。英文提示adj. necessary; indispensable; most important表示“形容词：必需的；不可或缺的；最重要的”，且结合首字母提示，空处应用形容词essential，表示“必不可少的”，在be动词后作表语。故填essential。 2. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：他们处理任何问题的能力给我留下了深刻印象。空处在what引导的主语从句中作谓语，根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“给……留下深刻印象”，应用动词impress，由主句was和句意可知，应用一般过去时，故填impressed。 3. deserves/eserves 【解析】考查动词。句意：他表现出色，当之无愧当领导。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词deserve，作谓语，结合上文has可知为一般现在时，主语为he，谓语用三单形式。故填deserves。 4. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词及时态。句意：老师让我们牢记好奇的重要性。结合句意可知填入impress的适当形式，构成impress on sb.，意为“使某人铭记，给某人留下深刻印象”。句子陈述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，动词impress使用过去式。故填impressed。 5. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：给我印象最深的是他们在比赛中的出色表现。此处在what引导的主语从句中作谓语，由句意和首字母可知，此处表示“使……印象深刻”，应用动词impress，由was可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填impressed。 6. deserve/ eserve 【解析】考查动词。句意：挡住迎面而来的车辆视线的树木应该被砍伐。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中that block the view of the oncoming (迎面而来的) traffic以及首字母提示可知，此处应填入动词deserve，意为“应受；值得”。根据block the view可知，此处应用一般现在时态。故填deserve。 7. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：那个国家人民的诚实和热情给我们留下了深刻的印象。根据句意及首字母提示可知，impress“给……留下深刻印象”，动词，句子是现在完成时，空处用过去分词，故填impressed。 8. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：老师们对艾米在上次考试中的优异表现印象深刻。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词impress，与主语构成被动关系，结合were可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填impressed。 9. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你有一些经验非常重要。根据“It is”可知，空处需填形容词作表语，结合英语提示可知，此处单词表示“完全必要的，极其重要的，在特定情况下或对特定活动极其重要的”，essential作形容词，表示“极其重要的”，符合句意。故填essential。 10. impress/mpress 【解析】考查动词。句意：我希望你能使约翰牢记他必须通过这些考试。分析句子结构可知，空前是情态动词，所以空处填动词原形，根据所给英文提示“to make the importance of something very clear to somebody(使某人非常清楚某事的重要性)”以及所给首字母，应是impress意为“给……留下深刻印象”。故填impress。 11. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们的饮食应该多样而均衡，这是很重要的。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词essential“重要的”，作表语。故填essential。 12. deserve/eserve 【解析】考查时态。句意：如果你做错了什么事，你应该受到惩罚。根据句意可知，本句为一般现在时。再根据句意和首字母可知，空处填deserve作谓语。故填deserve。 13. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：她竟然能流利地说五种语言，这给我留下了深刻的印象。根据句意，此处“她竟然能流利地说五种语言”是已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，这件事让我印象深刻，impress sb表示“使某人印象深刻”，故填impressed。 14. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：应急基金是智能货币管理必不可少的组成部分。一旦你有足够的资金来应付紧急情况，你的财务就会更加安全，也会更加安心。根据首字母提示和英文释义可知，本空应填essential，表“必不可少的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词part。故填essential。 15. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：第一次参观雄安新区时，雄安新区的快速发展给他留下了深刻印象。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用动词impress，表示“使留下深刻印象”，与主语he之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填impressed。 16. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：他姐姐的成功给他留下了深刻的印象，她被一所重点大学录取了。根据单词首字母以及句意“留下深刻的印象”可知应填动词impress，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填impressed。 17. deserves/eserves 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：再次祝贺您儿子在部门晋升。这是他应得的。根据句意“值得”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词deserve，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填deserves。 18. deserve/eserve 【解析】考查动词。句意：你很能干。你应该得到更好的工作。根据“You’re very able.”可知，你能干所以你应得这个工作。根据are可知，是一般现在时，主语是You，谓语动词应用原形。故填deserve。 19. deserved/eserved 【解析】考查动词和一般过去时。句意：那个冲进火场救老人的年轻人应该得到奖赏。根据“who had rushed into the fire to save the old man”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且根据首字母d可知，此处是指应该得到奖赏，所以应用动词deserve表示“应受”。故填deserved。 20. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：几千年来，幽默一直是人类行为必不可少的组成部分。根据单词首字母和句意“必不可少的”以及后文名词part可知，此处应用形容词essential修饰名词，作定语。故填essential。 21. impresses/mpresses 【解析】考查动词、时态。句意：海马给我印象最深的是雄性海马会把蛋孵出来。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用动词impress，意为“使留下深刻印象”，根据句子结构，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；设空处在what引导的主语从句中，后接系动词is，设空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填impresses。 22. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：最让我印象深刻的是来自清华大学的杨倩在2020年东京奥运会上赢得了第一枚金牌。根据单词首字母以及句意“使印象深刻”，可知应填动词impress，作谓语，且结合后文won可知为一般过去时。故填impressed。 23. Essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：煤气、水、电等基本服务将于下月改善。设空处应该使用形容词作定语。essential为形容词意为“必不可少的，基础的”，符合题意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Essential。 24. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：大多数权威人士都同意游戏是儿童发展一个必不可少的组成部分。根据首字母和句意提示可知，此处应填入形容词essential(必不可少的)作定语，修饰part，故填essential。 25. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：解决医疗供应短缺的问题对预防和控制新冠肺炎疫情至关重要。设空处接在be动词后，应用形容词essential作表语，意为“至关重要的”，根据首字母和句意，故填essential。 26. deserve/eserve 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你工作了一上午，该休息一下了。根据“working all morning”可知，工作很长时间值得休息一下，结合首字母可知，应用动词deserve，意为“应得”，讲述现在的情况，用一般现在时。故填deserve。 27. gently/ently 【解析】考查副词。句意：理发师轻轻地给老人刮胡子，使他舒服些。空格处用副词修饰动词shaved，由“make him comfortable”可知，空格处意为“轻轻地”，由首字母提示g可知，是gently，故填gently。 28. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：给我印象最深的是所有的老师都很积极。分析句子结构可知，本句是what引导的主语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，结合句意和所给首字母应是，impress意为“给……留下深刻印象”，又因主句用的是was，一般过去时，所以从句也用一般过去时。故填impressed。 29. ssential/essential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：本课程与其他法语课程的本质区别在于，本课程面向商务人士。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词essential“本质的，根本的”，满足句意要求。故填essential。 30. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：蛋白质对我们的身体是必不可少的，它能提高我们身体对感染的抵抗力。be essential for对……必不可少的。根据首字母提示及句意，故填essential。 31. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：计算机技能是在当今商业环境中取得成功的必要条件。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词essential“必要的”，作表语。故填essential。 32. deserves/eserves 【解析】考查动词及其时态。句意：中国谚语“礼尚往来”在英语中可以翻译成“One good turn deserves another”。根据句意和首字母可知动词deserve意为“应受，应得（奖赏、惩罚等），值得”符合句意，因为这是客观事实，用一般现在时；one good turn作主语谓语动词为单数。“one good turn deserves another”为英语中的谚语，意为“one should help or be kind to others who have been kind to one in the past （要以德报德，礼尚往来）”。故填deserves。 33. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：有事可做，有事可爱，有所希望，是幸福生活必不可少的。根据单词首字母以及句意“必不可少的”以及上文is，可知应填形容词essential作表语。故填essential。 34. Impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：这位新生被他的演讲打动了，他下定决心要全身心地学习。根据单词首字母以及句子意思的需要，应填动词impress(打动)，它在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，句子主语freshman承受impress的动作，因此使用过去分词作状语，空格位于句首，故填Impressed。 35. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词essential“必要的，重要的”，作定语修饰后面的名词part，满足句意要求。故填essential。 36. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：锻炼是健康生活方式的重要组成部分。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词essential，作定语修饰part。故填essential。 37. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：你在舞台上的精彩表演给老师和同学们留下了深刻的印象。根据句意和所给首字母i以及空格前的were和空格后的by可知，空格处应该填入一个动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，所以用impressed构成be impressed by（对……印象深刻）。故填impressed。 38. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：至关重要的是，我们的价格仍然具有竞争力。It is essential that...至关重要的是。根据首字母提示及句意，故填essential。 39. impressed/mpressed 【解析】考查动词。句意：只要你不恐高，你一定会对市中心最新的Sky Buffet餐厅印象深刻。impress表示“留下印象”之意，主语you与impress之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。结合首字母提示及句意，故填impressed。 40. essential/ssential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了保持健康，你的饮食应该多样化和平衡是很重要的。根据句意和首字母提示，用形容词essential作表语，意为“重要的”。故填essential。 二、 41. it is essential for us 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在一个仍然面临如此多问题的世界里，对我们来说合作创建一个和平与繁荣的共同未来的国际社会是极其重要的。分析句子结构，本句可用it is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，其后的不定式短语是真正的主语。essential 意为“极其重要的”。故填it is essential for us。 42. which can make my life colourful/which can enrich my life 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢课外活动，这可以使我的生活丰富多彩。“这能使我的生活丰富多彩”写成非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，“使我的生活丰富多彩”翻译为make my life colourful/enrich my life，“能”用情态动词can，从句缺少主语应用关系代词which来引导，故填which can make my life colourful/enrich my life。 43. which made his parents very happy 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意：他通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。分析汉语可知，这句话可使用非限制性定语从句，引导词用which，指代上文这件事，在从句中作主语，谓语是make，根据上文可知，应用一般过去时，“他的父母”译为his parents，作宾语，“很高兴”译为very happy，作宾语补足语。故填which made his parents very happy。 44. As is often the case In that case In no case in case of 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：通常情况下，火灾是由于粗心引起的。在那种情况下，记得保持冷静。在任何情况下，你都不能从高楼的顶部跳下去，这很危险。万一有紧急情况，您可以拨打119或110。根据句意，第一空应填as is often the case，表示“通常情况下，这是常有的事”，as置于句首，首字母大写，第二空应填介词短语in that case，表示“在那种情况下”，in置于句首，首字母大写，第三空应填in no case，表示“在任何情况下都不”，in置于句首，首字母大写，第四空应填in case of，表示“万一”，符合句意。故填①As is often the case，②In that case，③In no case，④in case of。 45. whose roof was made of thatch 【解析】考查短语和定语从句。句意：黄昏时，我们来到一间孤零零的小屋，屋顶是茅草做的。be made of 由……组成，句中先行词为hut，在非限定性定语从句中作名词roof的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。thatch茅草，根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填whose roof was made of thatch。 46. making comments on what I’m wearing, which stresses me out 【解析】考查短语、宾语从句和非限制性定语从句。短语：enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”；表示“对……作评价”用短语make comments on；表示“我的穿着”用宾语从句what I’m wearing；“这让我非常焦虑”指“妈妈对我穿戴评价这件事”，所以用定语从句“which stresses me out”，故填making comments on what I’m wearing, which stresses me out 47. which made us very proud 【解析】考查定语从句和动词时态。句意：另一个宇宙飞船成功发射升空，这使我们感到非常自豪。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，us我们；very proud非常自豪；分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句的谓语动词是make，缺少主语，先行词指代前面一句话，需用关系代词which引导，主句的谓语动词是was sent up，从句使用一般过去时。故填which made us very proud。 48. The Chinese knot, which symbolizes vitality, harmony, and unity, is a unique artwork 【解析】考查定语从句、名词和动词。句意：寓意活力、和谐、统一的中国结是一种独一无二的艺术品 ，凝聚着人们的美好愿望。“寓意”可表示为symbolize，为及物动词；“活力”可表示为vitality，为不可数名词；“和谐”可表示为harmony，为不可数名词；“统一”可表示为unity，为不可数名词；“中国结”可表示为the Chinese knot；“独一无二的”可表示为unique；“艺术品”可表示为artwork。根据汉语提示中的“寓意活力、和谐、统一的”可知，这里可翻译为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为the Chinese knot，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用which引导。故填The Chinese knot, which symbolizes vitality, harmony, and unity, is a unique artwork。 49. As the saying goes 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：常言道，失败是成功之母。“常言道，俗话说”表达为非限制性定语从句as the saying goes，设空处在句首，首个单词的首字母要大写。故填As the saying goes。 50. As the diagram shows 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：如图所示，很多人喜欢在十月旅行。表示“正如”应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句。表示“图表”应用名词diagram，根据句意可知，此处为特指，应用定冠词the。表示“显示”应用动词show。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语diagram为第三人称单数。句首首字母应大写。故填As the diagram shows。 51. the cover of which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是那本书，封面是琼斯先生设计的。分析句子可知，“(它的封面)is designed by Mr Jones”是定语从句，修饰the book，“……的封面”可以译为the cover of...，先行词作介词宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故填the cover of which。 52. which helps to improve efficiency 【解析】考查定语从句和动词短语。句意：数字成像技术值得尝试，有助于提高工作效率。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the digital imaging technology，做主语，在该从句中，表示“有助于做某事”为动词短语help to do，因先行词为前面整句话表示单数意义，所以此处动词应为三单形式；表示“提高效率”为动词短语improve efficiency。故填which helps to improve efficiency。 53. who share the same interest 【解析】考查定语从句、时态、固定短语和名词。句意：在英语角，我遇到了许多朋友，他们和我有着同样的兴趣。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“friends”，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“who”引导从句，“share sth. with sb.”意为“与某人分享某物”，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“friends”为可数名词复数，“share”用原形，“same”意为“相同的”，形容词词性，作定语，“interest”意为“兴趣”，为可数名词，用定冠词“the”修饰，表特指，“who share the same interest”表示“他们和我有着同样的兴趣”。故填who share the same interest。 54. which left me the deepest impression 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：所有的东西都很棒，尤其是甜点和饮料，给我留下了最深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知，空处部分可用定语从句，修饰先行词“the desserts and drinks”。先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。“我留下很深的印象”可以翻译为“leave me the deepest impression”。根据主句的时态可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，从句为一般过去时态。故填which left me the deepest impression。 55. which were a key stop 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意：他们正在记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像，它是丝绸之路上的一个重要站点，贯穿中国古代历史。分析句子结构，本句含有一个非限制性定语从句。先行词是the Mogao Caves，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。根据空后的“throughout China’s ancient history”可知，这里应用一般过去时，关系代词which指代复数名词the Mogao Caves，从句谓语复数形式。“一个重要站点”可表示为a key stop。故填which were a key stop。 56. which made his parents happy 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意：他获得了一等奖，这使他的父母很高兴。“这使他的父母很高兴”为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子He won the first prize，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，且由won可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“使”为动词make，应用过去式made，“他的父母”为his parents，“很高兴”为形容词happy，作宾语补足语，故填which made his parents happy。 57. where the parents treat their children 【解析】考查从句和时态。句意：所有邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里，父母就像朋友一样对待他们的孩子。分析可知，“在这个家里，父母就像朋友一样对待他们的孩子”应处理为非限制性定语从句，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“父母”表达为parents，此处为特指，应用定冠词the修饰，谓语“对待”表达为treat，宾语“他们的孩子”表达为their children；从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where；the；parents；treat；their；children。 58. was adapted from a best-selling science fiction novel 【解析】考查句意，主谓一致，动词时态和语态。句意：动画版《三体》改编自畅销科幻小说，自去年12月上映以来，观众的反应褒贬不一。根据句意和中英文提示可知，空格处应填“改编自畅销科幻小说”并使用动词“adapt”。be adapted from“根据……改编”，逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The animated version of The Three-Body Problem，故从句谓语动词应使用单数形式。结合下文时态，此处时态应该使用一般过去时。故填was adapted from a best-selling science fiction novel。 59. What impresses people most 【解析】考查主语从句和时态。句意：袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他实现梦想的外向能力。根据汉语提示“让……印象最深”短语为impress sb. most；此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what引导；根据后文is可知为一般现在时。句首单词首字母要大写。故填What impresses people most。 60. which made the others unhappy 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意：多萝西总是高度评价她在剧中的角色，这使其他人很不高兴。“这让其他人不高兴”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句内容，从句缺少主语，用关系代词which引导从句，时态用一般过去时，“让某人不高兴”是make the others unhappy，make用过去式，unhappy作宾补。故填which made the others unhappy。 三、 1 61. B 62. C 63. D 64. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了美国一位儿童文学女作家Jean Craighead George的一生以及她的著名儿童文学作品。 61. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Jean and her twin brothers learned how to build shelters and find food in the woods. (Jean和她的双胞胎兄弟学会了如何在树林里搭建庇护所和寻找食物)”可知，Jean有在野外生活的能力。故选B项。 62. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The family had more than 170 animals, although not all at once. The pets were always free to stay or go. (这家人养了170多只动物，尽管不是一下子全部养这么多。宠物们总是可以随意留下或离开)”可知，在Jean的家里，宠物享有离开或不离开的自由。故选C项。 63. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Eleven years later came My Side of the Mountain, one of the best loved children’s books ever. (十一年后，《我在山的一边》问世了，这是有史以来最受欢迎的儿童读物之一)”和第五段中“Jean Craighead George said she wrote it to tell about all the wonderful adventures she experienced as a child in the woods. (Jean Craighead George说她写这本书是为了讲述她小时候在森林里经历的所有奇妙的冒险)”可知，这本书是根据她早年在树林里的经历改编的。故选D项。 64. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“They taught her how to communicate with wolves. The author said she was finally successful with a beautiful female wolf. She knew then she wanted to write about a little Eskimo girl lost on the frozen land. (他们教她如何与狼交流。作者说她最终成功地与一只美丽的母狼交流。那时她知道她想写一个在冻土上迷路的爱斯基摩小女孩)”可知，在学会如何与狼交流之后，Jean想写Julie of the Wolves。故选A项。 2 65. D 66. C 67. B 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自己的亲身经历说明了微笑的强大力量。 65. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ I met a clerk who seemed quite unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing, and marched angrily out of the store. (我遇到一个店员，他看起来很不友好，对我要买的东西一点也不关心。我什么也没买，怒气冲冲地走出商店。)”可知，作者什么也没买，怒气冲冲地大步走出商店，因为他遇到了一位不友善的店员。故选D。 66. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The magic power of that smile made all bitterness within me melt, and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding.(那个微笑的神奇力量让我内心的苦涩都融化了，我发现自己脸上的肌肉也开心地做出了反应。)”以及下文作者向这位年轻人道谢的描述可知，从商店出来后的作者遇到了一个对着自己微笑的年轻人，这个年轻人所给予的微笑使作者的心情好转了很多。故选C。 67. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“It is not only used to express pleasure, affection, and friendliness, but also the commonest way to show our good will perfectly without saying anything.(它不仅被用来表达快乐、喜爱和友好，而且也是最普通的方式来完美地表达我们的善意而不说任何话。)”并通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了微笑的强大力量。B项“充满力量的微笑”适合做文章标题，故选B。 四、 1 68. to 69. when 70. permitted 71. its 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪80年代中期的一个电视节目，当时作者是第一个获准拍摄一个特殊单位照顾野外饥饿的熊猫的西方电视台记者。其大使职责将包括向英国游客介绍在成都的120多只大熊猫，以及在碧峰峡迷雾山脉进行研究的其他大熊猫。 68.考查介词。句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在20世纪80年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。根据句意“追溯到”用go back to 表示。故填to。 69.考查定语从句。句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在20世纪80年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the mid-1980s，先行词是时间，从句缺少状语。故填when。 70.考查非谓语。句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在20世纪80年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空所在的句子谓语是was,所给词作后置定语修饰前面的名词reporter,被修饰名词和permit之间是被动关系，用动词的过去分词作定语表被动。故填permitted。 71.考查代词。句意：在我最近的一次访问中，我抱着一对活泼的三个月大的双胞胎，但被它的母亲拒绝了。空格所在的词表示“它的”，指代前面的twin，用its。 2 72. is considered 73. performer 74. But 75. a 76. greater 77. ignored 78. to work 79. arguing 80. where 81. his 【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了二十世纪英国著名喜剧演员威廉姆斯对艺术近乎苛刻的追求。 72. 考查时态和语态。句意：肯尼斯·威廉姆斯被认为是二十世纪英国最伟大的喜剧演员之一。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，主语Kenneth Williams为单数，与consider之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，be considered...是固定结构，意为“被认为是”。因为本句是对人物的评价，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，即is considered。故填is considered。 73. 考查名词。句意：他的声音是他杰出的天赋，这实际上决定了他回成为一个表演者。冠词a修饰名词单数，所以填perform的名词形式，其名词形式有两个，一个是performance，另一个是performer，根据句意可知，他被定义为一个表演家，故填performer。 74. 考查连词。句意：但即使在他选择了自己的“声音”之后，他并不总是坚持自己的声音。上句说声音决定了他对角色的要求，本句说即使他选择了声音之后，他也没有一直用这种声音，前后句之间为转折关系，并且空后没有逗号，所以用but。单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填But。 75. 考查冠词。句意：在一场演出中，他有时会改变他演讲的语调或速度，以达到更好的喜剧效果。空后的performance意为“表演”，是可数名词，此处泛指一场演出，应用不定冠词来修饰，且single发音以辅音音素开头，所以用a修饰。故填a。 76. 考查比较级。句意：在一场演出中，他有时会改变他演讲的语调或速度，以达到更好的喜剧效果。根据句意“在一次单独表演中，他有时会改变音调或者语速来达到更好的喜剧效果。”可知，空处应使用形容词比较级，即greater作定语。故填greater。 77. 考查时态。句意：虽然他还是个初学者，但他觉得应该给他在舞台上做自己想做的事情的自由，所以他经常无视导演的指示。根据本句中and前面的时态可知，这里在描述过去发生的事情，且所填词与空前的felt是并列谓语，所以此处要用一般过去时，又因所填词与主语he之间是主动关系，所以用主动语态，即ignored。故填ignored。 78. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这使一些董事非常恼火，他们拒绝与他合作。refuse to do sth是固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，故填to work。 79. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他为自己“脱离剧本”的能力感到自豪，但如果其他演员也这么做，他会变得非常愤怒，认为他们根本就不擅长这个。分析句子结构可知，空处作伴随状语，所填词与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词arguing。故填arguing。 80. 考查定语从句。句意：当表演一个没有什么笑声的场景时，他经常会自己编一些笑话，这些笑话总是能娱乐观众，但有时也会毁掉整个场景。空处引导定语从句，先行词是scene，为抽象名词，意为“场景”，所填词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 81. 考查代词。句意：当表演一个没有什么笑声的场景时，他经常会自己编一些笑话，这些笑话总是能娱乐观众，但有时也会毁掉整个场景。one’s own是固定搭配，意为“某人自己的”。主语是he，所以填his。故填his。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 1　Laugh out loud! Using language 外研版版2019选择性必修第一册 非限制性定语从句 (Non-defining attributive clauses) 一、非限制性定语从句 (一)作用 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句在句中起补充说明作用, 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。 (二)关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 关系词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 动词或介词的宾语 whose 人或物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语或表语 as 物 主语、宾语或表语 Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导, 一个法裔加拿大人, 擅长烹调。 2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)as可以放在主句前后, 也可插入主句之中; 而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 (2) as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态句, 有“正如, 就像”之意; which常翻译为“这一点”。 (3)在非限制性定语从句中, which可指代主句中的某一个单词, as不可以。 【知识微练】 语法填空 (1)Have you seen the film Warcraft, ______leading actor is world famous? (2)My friend, ____has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (3)These apple trees, ______I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. (4)The employer, __________ all the employees respect, is concerned about his employees’ working conditions. whose who which whom/who (三)关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点时, 用when, where引导非限制性定语从句, 在定语从句中作状语。why不引导非限制性定语从句, 但可用for which代替。 【知识微练】语法填空 (1)They went to London, ______they lived for six months. (2)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, _____he will stay with his family. (3)We’ll graduate in July, _____we will be free. (4)They reached the hotel yesterday, ______a negotiation of sale will be held. where when when where (四) “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest. . . of which/whom等形式。 【知识微练】 (1)Many young people, ____________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.   很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都受过良好的教 育。 (2)It now has 20, 000 hectares of land, more than _________________are under cultivation.   现在它拥有两万公顷土地, 其中超过三分之二的土地已经耕种。 most of whom two-thirds of which (3)The textile mill has over 8, 000 workers and staff, _____________________are women.   这家纺织厂有8千多职工, 女职工占百分之八十。 (4)The building had been repaired, _______________was destroyed again in a big fire.   那栋楼房曾经被整修过, 楼顶在一场大火中又被烧毁了。 eighty percent of whom the roof of which (五) “介词+关系代词(+名词)”引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词, 而是概括整个主句的意思。 【注】“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择 ①根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。 ②根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。 ③根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。 【知识微练】语法填空 (1)A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with ______you sparkle and become more knowledgeable. (2)Juliet appeared above at a window, through ______her beauty seemed to break like the light of the sun in the east. (3)The manager, in ______office I just attended an interview, asked me to go back to wait for the reply. (4)The West Lake, ___which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. (5)This is my pair of glasses, _______which I cannot see clearly. whom which whose for without 二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句中主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开, 口语中使用时也不停顿; 而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开, 口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别, 如果去掉, 就会造成句意不完整或概念不清; 而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充、说明作用, 如果省略, 句意仍然清晰、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得更长些。(若把从句去掉, 句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下星期回来。(若把从句去掉, 句子意义仍然完整) 3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时, 一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前, 而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。 4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子: I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐, 她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词, 而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是短语或句子; 另外, 当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时, 通常要用非限制性定语从句, 而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快, 这是危险的。(which指drove too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意, 这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱, 希望她出国学习。(先行词为表示独一无二意义的普通名词, 要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中, 通常不用于非限制性定语从句; 另外, 在限制性定语从句中, 关系词有时可以省略, 而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。 【知识微练】 (1)Her sister, ____________________, will go abroad next year.   她的姐姐教我们英语, 她明年将要出国。 (2)Here is Mr White, _______________________for a long time.   这就是怀特先生, 你等了很久的人。 (3)She has found the necklace _________________________.   她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 who teaches us English whom you’ve been waiting (that) she lost two weeks ago (4)He is the man __________________.   他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 (5)The book, ____________________, has been found.   他昨天丢的那本书已经找到了。 who lives next to me which he lost yesterday $$