Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems（课件）《电子商务专业英语》（中国水利电力出版社）

1 An English Course for E-Commerce (The Second Edition) Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-2 Key points: useful terms and major electronic payment methods Difficult points: describing characteristics of successful e-payment methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 2 电子商务专业英语 5-3 Requirements: 1. Major electronic payment methods 2. Characteristics of successful e-payment methods 3. Electronic cards and smart cards 5. E-Checking and E-Blling 4. E-Cash and innovative payment methods 6. 掌握被动语态的翻译技巧 Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-4 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services New Words & Expressions: bidder n. 出价人,投标人 auction n. 拍卖, 拍卖方式 vt. 拍卖 voucher n. 凭证, 代金券 expedite vt. 加快进展，迅速完成 innovative adj. 新发明的; 革新的; interoperability n. 互用性,协同工作的能力 portability n. 可携带,轻便 anonymity n. 匿名,作者不明(或不详) anonymous adj. 无名的, 匿名的 continuum n. 连续统一体 span n. 跨度, 跨径 vt. 跨越, 穿越 supplant vt. 把…排挤掉, 取代 procurement n. 获得 prohibitive adj. 禁止的 Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-5 In the off-line world, consumers use cash, checks, and credit cards to make purchases. At a fast-food restaurant, people usually pay with cash. If someone purchases an appliance at a discount store, they are likely to use a credit card. When people pay their bills, most use checks. How do people pay online? Unfortunately, paying online with the same instruments that people use off-line, namely cash, credit card, debit card, or paper check may be too slow, inefficient, or expensive for online payments. When a buyer places an order, the seller wants to make sure they will pay. When a bidder wins an electronic auction, the money must be ready. Therefore, special payment methods were developed for online payments. These are referred to as e-payments (electronic payments). E-payments are payments made electronically rather than by paper (cash, checks, vouchers, etc.). For example, a person can pay their bills electronically or transfer money electronically among their accounts or to their child’s college fund. 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-6 在非网络环境中，消费者使用现金、支票和信用卡来购买商品。在快餐店，人们通常使用现金消费。如果某人在廉价商店购买商品时，他们可能会使用信用卡。在支付账单时，大多数人会使用支票。那么人们如何在网上支付呢？遗憾地是，使用和网下同样的支付媒介，即现金、信用卡、借记卡或纸质支票进行网上支付，对于网上支付也会很慢、效率低或者很贵。当用户下订单时，销售者要确信这些购买者能够支付。当投标者在电子拍卖中夺标，必须要准备好钱。因而，对于在线支付来数，开发了特殊的支付方式。它们被称为电子支付。电子支付是电子化的支付方式，而不是纸质的支付（现金、支票、代金卷等）。例如，一个人可以通过电子的方式来支付账单或将钱通过电子的方式在他们的帐户之间转移或将钱转账到他们孩子学校帐户上。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-7 Electronic payment methods expedite payments online and reduce payment processing costs. However, such methods must be safe and trusted by users. The basic e-payment methods are similar to off-line methods. However, some innovative methods exist only in cyberspace. The major methods that are in use include the following: 电子支付方式加快了网上支付的速度，降低了支付处理的成本。然而，这些方式必须是安全的，并得到用户的信任。基本的电子支付方式和网下支付方式类似。而创新的方式只存在于网络空间。目前使用的主要方式包括以下几种： 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-8 Electronic payment cards (credit, debit, charge) Virtual credit cards E-wallets (or e-purses) Smart cards Electronic cash (several variations) Wireless payments Stored-value card payments Loyalty cards 电子支付卡（信用卡、借记卡、签账卡） 虚拟信用卡 电子钱包 智能卡 无线支付 储值卡 会员卡 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-9 Other methods are used primarily for B2B payments: Electronic checks Purchasing cards Electronic letters of credit Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Electronic benefits transfer (EBT) 还有一些方式主要用于B2B支付： 电子支票 购买卡 电子信用证 电子资金转账 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-10 What these diverse e-payment methods share in common is the ability to transfer a payment from one person or party to another person or party over a network without face-to-face interaction. 这些不同的支付方式的共性是它们能够从一个人或交易的一方转拨款项到网上的另一个人或另一方，而无需进行面对面的交流。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-11 Whatever the e-payment method, five parties may be involved: Customer/payer/buyer. The party making the e-payment in exchange for goods or services Merchant/payee/seller. The party receiving the e-payment in exchange for goods and services Issuer. The banks or nonbanking institutions that issue the e-payment instrument used to make the purchase Regulator. Usually a government agency whose regulations control the e-payment process Automated Clearing House (ACH). An electronic network that transfers money between bank accounts 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-12 无论是哪种支付方式，都会涉及到五个方面： 客户/付款人/买主 在交换物品或服务过程中付款的一方。 商人/收款人/销售者 在交换物品或服务过程中收款的一方。 发行者 发行可以用来购买物品的电子支付媒介的银行或非银行机构。 管理者 通常是政府机构，他们制定规则来管理电子支付的过程。 自动化交易所 在银行间转账的电子网络。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-13 Characteristics of Successful E-payment Methods A crucial element in the success of an e-payment method is the “chicken-and-egg” problem: How do you get sellers to adopt a method when there are few buyers using it? And, how do you get buyers to adopt a method when there are few sellers using it? A number of factors come into play in determining whether a particular method of e-payment achieves widespread acceptance. Some of the crucial factors include the following. 成功的电子支付方式的特点： 任何一种电子支付方式的成功应用，就好像“鸡和鸡蛋”的问题：关键在于如何使商家采用一种当前很少有用户使用的支付方式，如何使顾客采用一种当时很少有商家使用的支付方式。有很多的因素来决定一种支付方式是否能得到广泛的接受。下面是一些关键的因素： 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-14 Independence. Some forms of e-payment require specialized software or hardware to make the payment. Almost all forms of e-payment require the seller or merchant to install specialized software to receive and authorize a payment. Those e-payment methods that require the payer to install specialized components are less likely to succeed. 独立性。一些支付形式要求专门的软件或硬件进行支付。几乎所有的电子支付形式都要求销售者或商人安装专门的软件来接收和授权电子支付。那些要求付款人安装专门部件的电子支付方式很少能取得成功。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-15 Interoperability and portability. All forms of EC run on specialized systems that are interlinked with other enterprise systems and applications. An e-payment method must mesh with these existing systems and applications and be supported by standard computing platforms. 互操作性和可移植性。所有的电子商务都运行在专门的系统上，这些系统和其它公司的系统和应用程序连接在一起。电子支付方式必须能与已有的系统紧密结合，并能被标准的计算机平台支持。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-16 Security. How safe is the transfer? What are the consequences of the transfer being compromised? Again, if the risk for the payer is higher than the risk for the payee, then the method is not likely to be accepted. Anonymity. Unlike credit cards and checks, if a buyer uses cash, there is no way to trace the cash back to the buyer. Some buyers want their identities and purchase patterns to remain anonymous. To succeed, special payment methods have to maintain anonymity. 安全性。转账安全吗？受到破坏的转账结果如何？而且，如果一种电子支付方式对消费者的风险大于商家的风险，那么这种方式也很难被接受。 匿名保护。和信用卡和支票不同，如果用户使用现金购物，那么是无法通过现金追溯到购买者的。一些消费者希望他们的身份和购买方式不为外人所知。因此，支付方式若要成功，必须对消费者进行匿名保护。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-17 Divisibility. Most sellers accept credit cards only for purchases within a minimum and maximum range. If the cost of the item is too small—say, only a few dollars—a credit card will not do. In addition, a credit card will not work if an item or set of items costs too much—say, an airline company purchasing a new airplane. Any method that can address the lower or higher end of the price continuum or that can span one of the extremes and the middle has a chance of being widely accepted. 额度有界性。大多数的销售者接收信用卡是在购买额度在信用卡的最小和最大限制额度之间的情况下。如果一笔的消费额度很小，只有几美元，那么就不用信用卡支付。另外，如果一笔的消费额度太大，如航空公司购买一架新飞机，也不用信用卡支付。任何一种支付方式都应该有一个消费最低或最高的限用额度，或是能够超出一个极值点和中间点，这样的支付方式才能被广泛接受。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-18 Easy of use. For B2C e-payments, credit cards are the standard due to their ease of use. For B2B payments, the question is whether the online e-payment methods can supplant the existing off-line methods of procurement. 易于使用性。对于B2C电子支付，由于信用卡便于使用所以被广泛使用。对于B2B电子支付，问题在于在线交易能否完全替代已经存在的非在线交易的方式。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-19 Transaction fees. When a credit card is used for payment, the merchant pays a transaction fee of up to about 3 percent of the item’s purchase price (above a minimum fixed fee). These fees make it prohibitive to support smaller purchases with credit cards, which leaves room for alternative forms of payment. 交易费用。当信用卡用于支付时，商家将支付交易费用，大约占每次交易额的3%（超过固定最低交易费）。这些交易费成为使用信用卡进行小额支付的制约因素，这也为其他支付方式的出现提供了可能性。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-20 Critical mass. A critical mass of vendors must be willing to accept the payment method. Conversely, a critical mass of places to acquire the payment method (i.e., buy payment cards) is also necessary. 临界规模。必须有足够多的商家乐于接受电子支付方式。相反，也有必要有足够多的获取电子支付方式的场地。 5.1 Electronic Payments: A Critical Element In EC Support Services Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-21 New Words & Expressions: digitized n. 将资料数字化 predominant adj. 占主导地位的, 显著的 charge cards签账卡 debit cards借记卡 deposit vt. 储蓄, 存款 virtual adj. 虚拟的 disclose vt. 说出, 表明 e-wallet n. 电子钱包 annoyance n. 烦恼,可厌之事 embedded adj. 植入的,深入的,内含的 microchip n. 微晶片(微型集成电路片) chip n. 集成电路片 nonprogrammable adj.不可编程序的microprocessor n. 〈计〉微(信息)处理机 stand-alone n. 单机,卓越 diameter n. 直径 contactless adj. 不接触的,遥控的 proximity n. 接近, 附近 antenna n. 天线，触角, 触须 attach to (使)贴〔系, 粘〕在…上，(使)相关; (使)依附 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-22 Electronic cards are plastic cards that contain digitized information. This information can be used for payment purposes. Electronic cards also can be used for other purposes, such as identification or to access a secure location. Some electronic cards are considered “smart” cards because they can manipulate information. 电子卡是包含有数字化信息的塑料卡。这些信息可以用于支付的目的，也可以用于其它的方面，比如身份证明或访问安全区。一些电子卡被认为是“智能”卡，因为它们可以控制信息。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-23 5.2.1 Payment Cards If you are an American, you are likely to have at least one electronic payment card, an electronic card that contains information used for payment purposes. 5.2.1 支付卡 如果你是美国人，你可能至少拥有一张电子支付卡——一张包含有用于支付目的信息的电子卡。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-24 There are three types of payment cards: Credit cards. A credit card provides the holder with credit to make purchases up to a limit fixed by the card issuer. Credit cards rarely have an annual fee. Instead, holders are charged high interest—the annual percentage rate—on their unpaid balances. Visa, MasterCard, and EuroPay are the predominant credit cards. 有三种类型的支付卡： 信用卡。信用卡的持有人可以在发行银行规定的信用额度内消费。信用卡通常不收取年费。取而代之的是收取持卡人未还清费用的高额利息——年度百分率。Visa, MasterCard和EuroPay是占主导地位的信用卡。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-25 Charge cards. The balance on a charge card is supposed to be paid in full upon receipt of the monthly statement. Such cards usually have annual fees. Debit cards. With a debit card, the money for a purchased item comes directly out of the holder’s checking account (called a demand-deposit account). The actual transfer of funds from the holder’s account to the merchant’s takes place within 1 to 2 days. MasterCard, Visa, and EuroPay are the predominant debit cards. 签账卡。欠账要在收到月结单时完全付清。这样的卡通常要收取年费。 借记卡。使用借记卡，购买商品的钱直接来源于持卡人的账户（称为活期存款）。从持卡人到商家的转账要花费1到两天的时间。MasterCard, Visa和 EuroPay是占主导地位的借记卡。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-26 5.2.2 Virtual Credit Cards One innovation in online credit cards is a virtual credit card. This is an e-payment system in which a credit card issuer issues a special number that can be used in place of regular credit card numbers to make online purchases. This allows users to use a credit card online without having to disclose the actual credit card number. 5.2.2 虚拟信用卡 网上信用卡的一种新形式是虚拟信用卡。在这种电子支付系统中，信用卡发卡行给每个用户颁发一个特殊的号码，用以代替标准的信用卡号码以实现在线支付。这使用户无需说出真实的信用卡号码就可以实现信用卡消费。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-27 5.2.3 E-Wallets Most of the time when a person makes a purchase on the Web they are required to fill out a form with their name, shipping address, billing address, and credit card information. Doing this a few times is fine, but having to do it every time one shops on the Web can be an annoyance. Some merchants solve the problem by having customers fill out a form once and then saving the information on their servers for later use. For instance, this is what Amazon.com has done with its “One-Click” shopping feature. Of course, even if every merchant provided “one-click” shopping, customers would still have to set up an account with every merchant. This would also increase the possibility that the information might fall into the hands of a merchant who wanted to use this information for some other purpose. Also, the merchant wants to be sure of the identity of the buyer. 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-28 5.2.3 电子钱包 大多数时候，当用户在网站上购买物品时，都会被要求填写一张表单，在其上要填写用户的名字、邮寄地址、账单地址和信用卡信息。这样填写几次还可以忍受，但是如果一个人在网上每次购物都要填写的话，就会使人感到厌烦。一些商家通过让客户只填写一次表单，然后将信息存入他们的服务器供以后使用的方式解决了这个问题。例如，Amazon.com就是这样做的，它实现了“一次点击”式的购物。当然，即使每一个商家都提供有“一次点击”购物方式，但客户也必须针对每一个商家来建立账户。这也曾加了信息落入别有企图的商家的手中的可能性。另外，商家也想要确认买家的身份。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-29 One way to avoid the problem is to use an electronic wallet (e-wallet). An e-wallet is a software component that a user downloads to their desktop PC and in which the user stores credit card numbers and other personal information. When a user shops at a merchant who accepts the e-wallet, the user clicks the e-wallet, which automatically fills in all the necessary information. 避免这些问题的一种方法式使用电子钱包。电子钱包是用户下载到自己电脑上的软件，在这个软件中，用户存入信用卡的号码和其他个人信息。当用户在接受电子钱包的商家消费时，用户点击电子钱包，就可以自动填写必要的信息。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-30 5.2.4 Smart Cards One of the technologies that is used to support e-payments is smart cards. A smart card looks like any plastic payment card, but it is distinguished by the presence of an embedded microchip. The embedded chip can either be a microprocessor and a memory chip combined or just a memory chip with nonprogrammable logic. The microprocessor card can add, delete, and otherwise manipulate information on the card, whereas a memorychip card is usually a “read only ” card like a credit card. Although the microprocessor is capable of running programs like a computer does, it is not a stand-alone computer. The programs and data must be downloaded from some other device (such as an ATM machine). 5.2.4 智能卡 用以支持电子支付的另一种技术是智能卡。它看起来像普通的塑料支付卡，但与它们不同的是它嵌入了微型芯片。这种嵌入的芯片可以是微处理器和存储器的集成芯片，也可以是不能运行程序的单纯的存储器芯片。微处理器可以实现添加、删除信用卡上的信息等操作，而存储器芯片是只读的，就好像普通的信用卡。虽然微处理器能够像计算机一样运行程序，但不是独立的计算机。程序和数据必须从其它的设备（如ATM机）下载。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-31 Smart cards are used for transaction processing, authentication, and authorization, and they can be categorized by the way in which data (and applications) are downloaded and read from the card. Under this scheme there are two major types of smart cards. The first type is a contact card, a card that is inserted in a smart card reader. These cards have a small gold plate about one-half inch in diameter on the front; when the card is inserted in the reader, the plate makes electronic contact and data are passed to and from the chip. 智能卡常用于事务处理、身份识别和认证。可以根据从卡上下载或读取的数据（和应用程序）来对智能卡进行分类。按照这种分类方法，有两种主要的智能卡。第一种是接触卡，要插入智能卡读卡器中。接触卡上面有一个直径大约为半英寸的圆形金属片。当把接触卡插入读卡器后，读卡器通过与金属片接触来实现与芯片间的数据传递。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-32 The second type of smart card is the contactless (proximity) card. In addition to the chip, a contactless card has an embedded antenna. In this case, data (and applications) are passed to and from the card through the card’s antenna to another antenna attached to a cardreader unit or other device. Contactless cards are used for those applications in which the data must be processed very quickly (e.g., mass-transit applications such as paying in buses and trains) or when contact is difficult (e.g., security-entering mechanisms to buildings). Proximity cards usually work at short range, just a few inches. However, one type of proximity card can be used at a distance of over100 feet. 第二种智能卡是非接触卡。除了芯片之外，非接触卡还有一个内置天线。在这种情况下，数据通过卡和读卡器或其他设备上的天线进行数据传输。非接触卡用于那些对数据处理速度要求高的场合（如公共交通应用中的支付公交车费和火车票）或不适合用接触卡的地方（如大楼的安全门设备）。非接触卡工作的有效范围很小，只有几英寸。然而，有一种类型的非接触卡可以在超过100英尺的范围使用。 5.2 Electronic Cards and Smart Cards Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-33 New Words & Expressions: standpoint n. 立场; 观点 outweigh vt. 在重要性或价值方面超过 scenario n.情节, 剧本, 方案 archive v. 存档n. 档案文件 ideal adj. 理想的, 完满的 subscriber n. 消费者; 用户 bill n. 账单vt. 送交某人账单 aggregate v. (使)聚集 n. 〈正〉数, 总计 vend vt. 出售，贩卖 sundries n.杂项, 杂物 photocopying n.影印服务 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-34 e-cash—the digital equivalent of paper currency and coins—makes a lot of sense. It is secure and anonymous, and it can be used to support payments that cannot be economically supported with payment cards. Form a practical standpoint, however, the inconvenience of opening an account and downloading software and the difficulty of obtaining a critical mass of users seems to have outweighed the benefits of e-cash. 电子现金——与纸币和硬币一样的电子货币——是很有意义的。它是安全的，而且是匿名的，它用于完成不能使用支付卡来实现的支付过程。然而，从实用的观点出发，开立账户、下载软件的不方便性和获得用户的难度似乎超越了电子现金带来的好处。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-35 5.3.1 E-Cash and Alternatives to Credit Cards Consider the following online shopping scenarios: A customer goes to an online music store and purchases a single CD that costs $8.95. A person goes online to a leading newspaper or news journal and purchases (downloads) a copy of an archived news article for $1.50. A person goes to an online gaming company, selects a game, and plays it for 30 minutes. The person owes the company $3 for the playing time. A person goes to a Web site selling digital images and clip art. The person purchases a couple of images at a cost of $0.80. 5.3.1 电子现金和信用卡的替换物 考虑以下网上购物的情况： 顾客在网上音像店购买一张8.95美元的CD。 顾客在网上购买（或下载）一份电子报纸或杂志，价值1.5美元。 顾客在网上游戏商城花费3美元玩了30分钟的游戏。 某人在网上出售数字图片和剪贴画。一位顾客花费0.8美元购买了一些图片。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-36 These are all examples of micropayments, which are small payments, usually under $10. Credit cards do not work well for such small payments. Vendors who accept credit cards typically must pay a minimum transaction fee that ranges from 25 cents to 35 cents. These fees are relatively insignificant for credit card purchases above $10, but are cost-prohibitive for smaller transactions. Also, when the purchase amount is small, consumers are unwilling to type in credit card numbers or wait for a standard credit card authorization. Micropayments are one area where e-cash and other payment card schemes come into play. Here are examples of a few innovative methods. 这些都是小额支付的例子，通常金额很少，不超过10美元。信用卡不适合小额支付。接受信用卡支付的商家必须支付最少从25到35美分的交易费用。这些费用相对于交易额在10美元以上的信用卡消费来说微不足道，但是对于小型交易来说却不可忽视。而且，当消费额很小时，消费者也不愿意键入信用卡号码或等待信用卡的审核。小额支付就是电子现金和其它支付卡方案运用的领域。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-37 Wireless Payments An ideal way to pay for certain types of micropayments is to use wireless devices. Vodafone, for example, has an “m-pay bill” system that enables wireless subscribers to use their mobile phones to make payments of $10 or less. Users respond to a telephone number posted on a Web site by sending a text message (SMS) from their cell phones. A message is then sent back, confirming the payment arrangement and including a PIN number that acts as a password to the specific customer’s account. The customer then proceeds with the transaction, and the charge shows up on their monthly Vodafone bill. Other telecommunications companies offer similar services. 无线支付 完成某种类型小额支付的一种理想方式是使用无线设备。例如，Vodafone有一种“小额支付账单”系统，可以使无线用户使用他们的手机来支付10或10美元以下的消费账单。用户通过从他们的手机上发送一条文本信息来对公布在网上的电话号码做出响应。然后有一条回复信息，确认支付协议，该信息还包含分配给特定用户账户的个人密码。然后用户继续交易，费用显示在他们每月的Vodafone账单上。其它的电信公司提供有相似的服务。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-38 Qpass One micropayment system that avoids some of the e-cash problems and has enjoyed some success is Qpass. Qpass is used primarily to purchase content from participating news services and periodicals such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Forbs. Qpass Qpass是一个避免了电子现金的缺点并已经取得了成功的小额电子支付系统。它主要用来购买通讯社和期刊的内容，例如《纽约时报》、《华尔街日报》和《福布斯》。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-39 A user sets up a Qpass account, creating a user name and password and specifying a credit card against which purchases will be charged. Then, when a purchase is made at a participating site, the user simply enters their Qpass user name and password and confirms the purchase. Instead of immediately billing the user’s credit card account, the charges are aggregated into a single monthly statement, which is billed to the user’s credit card. 用户建立一个Qpass账户，创建用户名和密码，并指定一个信用卡来完成支付。当在网站上发生消费时，用户只需简单地键入他们的Qpass用户名和密码，并确认购买即可。账单并不会立即计入信用卡账户，而是将所有的费用累计后放入月结单中，再计入用户的信用卡。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-40 5.3.2 Stored-value Cards Stored-value smart cards have found greater usage than e-cash schemes as an alternative to credit cards. When used to store cash downloaded from a bank or credit card account, smart cards can be used to purchase items with values ranging from a few cents to hundreds of dollars. Various types of vendors worldwide accept stored-value cards: telephone companies, fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, vending machines, gas stations, transportation facilities, sundries stores, cinemas, parking garages, grocery stores, department stores, taxis, parking meters, cafeterias, and video stores. For example, people can now buy such a card at Kinko’s and use it for services such as photocopying and Internet time. A leading vendor of stored-value cards is Visa. 5.3.2储值卡 储值智能卡在作为信用卡的替换物上具有比电子现金更大的用处。当从银行或信用卡账户中向智能卡中存钱时，该智能卡就可以用来购买价值从几美分到几百美元的商品。世界上有很多接受储值卡的商家类型：电话公司、快餐店、自助食品商店、自动贩卖机、加油站、运输设施、杂货商店、电影院、汽车停车场、小卖部、百货公司、出租车、停车计时器、自助餐厅和音像店。例如，人们可以在Kinko’s购买一张卡，用它来获得一些服务，如影印服务和上网。最主要的储值卡提供商是Visa。 5.3 E-Cash and Innovative Payment Methods Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-41 New Words & Expressions: framework. n. 构架; 结构 competency n. 资格,能力,作证能力 state-of-the-art n. 艺术级的，最新水平 5.4 E-Checking Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-42 An e-check is the electronic version or representation of a paper check. E-checks contain the same information as a paper check, can be used wherever paper checks are used, and are based on the same legal framework. E-checks work essentially the same way a paper check works, but in pure electronic form, with fewer manual steps. Simply put, they are faster and cheaper, and they can be more secure. 电子支票是纸质支票的电子版本或表现形式。电子支票包含和纸质支票一样的信息，能够用于纸质支票所能使用到的所有地方，基于相同的法律体制。电子支票的工作原理本质上和纸质支票一样，但是采用完全电子化操作，很少有手工参与。简单地说，电子支票快捷廉价而且很安全。 5.4 E-Checking Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-43 E-checks fit within current business practices, eliminating the need for expensive process reengineering and taking advantage of the competency of the banking industry. Using state-of-the-art security techniques, e-checks can be used by all bank customers who have checking accounts, including small and midsize businesses that otherwise have little access to electronic payment systems. 电子支票适合当前的业务活动，不需要花费高额的费用进行业务流程再设计，利用了银行业的资质。使用最新的安全技术，拥有支票账户的所有银行客户，包括建立不起电子支付系统的小型和中型企业都可以使用电子支票。 5.4 E-Checking Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-44 5.5 E-Blling New Words & Expressions: perspective n. 观点, 想法；前途; 希望 representative n. 代表 adj. 有代表性的, 典型的 insert vt. 插入, 嵌入 n. 添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) centralize vt. 使…处于中央的控制之下, 把…集中于中央 Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-45 E-billing is also called electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP). E-billing enables the presentment, payment, and posting of bills via the Internet. Presentment involves taking the information that is typically printed on a bill and hosting it on a bill-presentment Web server. Once the bill is available on the Web server, a customer can access the bill with a browser, review it, and pay it electronically. Payments are generally transferred from the customer’s checking account via the ACH. In e-billing, the customers can be either individuals or companies. 电子登账也成为电子账单兑付与支付（EBPP）。电子登账使兑付、支付和邮寄账单在因特网上完成。兑付涉及获得打印在账单上的信息和并把它放在账单兑付网络服务器上。一旦网络服务器上的账单有效，顾客就能使用浏览器来访问、查看账单，并进行电子支付。支付过程通过ACH网络将顾客账户的资金进行转账。在电子登账中，顾客可以是个人或公司。 5.5 E-Blling Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-46 Advantages of E-billing From the perspective of the billing firm, e-billing has several advantages. The most obvious benefit is the reduction in expenses related to billing and processing payments. The estimate is that paper bills cost between $0.75 and $2.70 per bill. E-billing costs between $0.25 and $0.30 per bill. E-billing also enables better customer service. Not only can customer service representatives see the same presentment that the customer is seeing, but the presentment can also provide access to frequently asked questions and help boxes. 电子登账的优点 从企业的观点出发，电子登账有很多好处。最显著的好处是降低了开具纸质账单和处理支付方面的开销。据估计，纸质账单的成本大约在0.75到2.7美元之间。电子账单的成本只有0.25到0.3美元。电子账单也提高了为客户服务的水平。不仅客户代表看到的账单和客户看到的账单相同，而且电子账单还提供常见问答和帮助框。 5.5 E-Blling Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-47 Another advantage relates to advertising. A paper bill can include advertising and marketing inserts. Usually, every customer gets the same ads or materials. With e-billing, electronic inserts can be customized to the individual customer. If a customer responds to the insert, then it is much easier to trace which ads or materials are successful. 另一个优点是广告宣传。纸质账单会包含一些广告信息。通常，每个客户得到的广告和材料是相同的。而使用电子账单，附带的广告信息都是针对不同的顾客定做的。如果客户对附带的广告做出回应，那么很容易就能知道哪个广告或材料是成功的。 5.5 E-Blling Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems 电子商务专业英语 5-48 There are also advantages from the customer’s perspective. E-billing reduces the customer’s expenses by eliminating the cost of checks, postage, and envelopes. E-billing simplifies and centralizes payment processing and provides better record keeping. Customers can review and pay bills at virtually any time. In this way, the customer has direct control over the timing of the payment. 从顾客的角度看，电子登账也带来了很多好处。电子登账可以通过消除账单的成本、邮资和信封的成本来节省客户的开支。电子登账简化并集中了支付处理，而且提供了更好的记录保管方式。客户能够随时查看和支付账单。这样，就可以自己控制支付的日期。 5.5 E-Blling Chapter 5 Electronic Payment Systems $$