Chapter 3 E-Business Models（课件）《电子商务专业英语》（中国水利电力出版社）

1 An English Course for E-Commerce (The Second Edition) Chapter 3 E-Business Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-2 Requirements: 理解不同的电子商业模型； 探索传统企业向电子商业转变的可行性及其方法； 掌握专用术语和电子商务的基本原理 掌握数学公式的读法 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-3 3.1 Introduction New Words & Expressions: storefront n.店头, 店面 auction n.拍卖; vt.拍卖 barter n. & v. 物品交换, 实物交易 ideology n. 思想体系,意识形态 leverage n.杠杆机构,杠杆作用; v. 利用杠杆作用调节 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-4 There are many benefits of bringing your business to the Web. An e-business can offer personalized service, high-quality customer service, and improved supply chain management. In this chapter we explore the different types of businesses operating on the Web, as well as the technologies needed to build and run an e-commerce Web site. Amazon.com, eBay, Yahoo! and others have helped to define industry categories and business models on the Web. Entrepreneurs starting e-businesses need to be aware of these models and how to implement them effectively. In this chapter, we review the storefront model, the auction model, dynamic pricing models, the portal model and other Web business models. An e-business is defined as a company that has an online presence. E-businesses that have the ability to sell, trade, barter and transact over the Web can be considered e-commerce businesses. The combination of a company’s policy, operations, technology and ideology define its business model. In this chapter, we define a number of models and the technologies that make them possible. Businesses within a particular model can leverage these fundamental technologies to differentiate themselves from the competition. 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-5 3.1 Introduction 将生意搬上网络有许多优点。一个电子企业可以提供个性化服务、高质量顾客服务和改进的供应链管理。本章我们探讨在网上运行的不同类型企业以及建立和运行电子商务网站所需的技术。 Amazon.com、 eBay、Yahoo！和其他公司以帮助人们定义行业分类和网上企业模型。企业家开展电子商务需要认识这些模型和知道如何有效地实现它们.本章我们回顾店面模型、拍卖模型、动态定价模型、门户网站模型和其他网络企业模型。电子企业定义为具有在线出现的公司。电子企业具有在网上销售、贸易、以物易物和交易的能力被认为是电子商务企业。公司的政策、运作、技术和意识形态的结合定义了它的企业模型。在本章，我们定义了许多模型和使其成为可能的技术。特定模型中的企业可以通过调节它们的基本技术使它们与竞争者区别开来 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-6 New Words & Expressions: merchandise n.商品, 货物 invoice n.发票, 发货单, v.开发票, 记清单 shipment n. 发货,装运,装运的货物 pharmaceuticals n. 医药品 discount n.折扣 on-order 已订购 confirmation n.证实, 确认, 批准 Billing Address 账单地址 privacy n.秘密，隐私 mall n. 购物中心，商场 DVD 数字化视频光盘 Abbreviations: EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer) 电子资金转账 EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)电子数据交换 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-7 Shopping online is an increasingly popular activity. At the close of 1999, nearly 55 million people, 60 percent of Internet users, were shopping online. The move toward e-commerce presents many benefits, as well as a host of new considerations. The storefront model is what many people think of when they hear the word e-business. The storefront combines transaction processing, security, online payment and information storage to enable merchants to sell their products on the Web. This is a basic form of e-commerce where the buyer and the seller interact directly. To conduct storefront e-commerce, merchants need to organize an online catalog of products, take orders through their Web sites, accept payments in a secure environment, send merchandise to customers and manage customer data (such as customer profiles). They must also market their sites to potential customers—a topic further explored in “Internet Marketing”. Although the term e-commerce is fairly new, large corporations have been conducting e-commerce for decades by networking their systems with those of business partners and clients. For example, the banking industry uses Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) to transfer money between accounts. Many companies also use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), in which business forms, such as purchase orders and invoices, are standardized so that companies can share information with customers, vendors and business partners electronically. 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-8 在线购物是一种日益流行的活动。在1999年底，大约5500万人，即因特网用户的60%进行在线购物。向电子商务进军带来许多优点和注意事项。当人们听到“电子商务”这个词时，许多人所想到的就是店面模型。店面模型将事务处理、安全、在线支付和信息存储结合起来，使商人可以在线出售产品。这是电子商务的一种基本模式，在这个模式下，买卖双方可以直接相互作用。 为了实施店面电子商务，商家需要组织在线产品目录，通过他们的网站接受定单，安全地接受支付，将商品送到顾客手中并管理顾客数据（如顾客简表）；他们还必须向潜在的顾客推销他们的网站——这是将在网络营销中进一步探讨的主题。 尽管“电子商务”这个词相当新奇，但大公司通过把他们的系统与商业伙伴及客户联网已经实施了几十年电子商务。譬如，银行业利用电子资金转账在账户间传递货币。许多公司还使用一种被称为电子数据交换(EDI)的标准通信协议，即将商业表格如订购单和发票标准化，以便公司与消费者、厂家及商业伙伴电子化地共享信息。 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-9 3.2 Storefront Model Until recently, e-commerce was feasible only for large companies. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web make it possible for small businesses to compete with large companies. E-commerce also allows companies to conduct business 24-by-71, all day, everyday, worldwide. Some of the most successful e-businesses are using the storefront model. Many of the leading storefront model companies are B2C (business-to-consumer) companies. For example, More.com (www.more.com) is a health and beauty e-commerce site that uses a shopping cart to allow customers to shop, buy and arrange shipment. Products include skin care, eye care, pharmaceuticals and many other products associated with health and wellness. Ticketmaster.com (www.ticketmaster.com) uses the Internet to sell tickets improve its customer service. Customers have access to seating plans, show listings and price discounts. Ticketmaster uses shopping-cart technology, an advanced database system and a strong supporting infrastructure to make this possible. Although both companies use a shopping cart and supporting technologies to offer their products and services to customers, each has chosen a different approach to e-commerce. Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-10 3.2 Storefront Model 直到最近，电子商务只在大型公司是可行的。然而，Internet和环球网使小型企业使用电子数据交换成为可能。电子商务还允许公司在世界范围内一天到晚、天天经营。 一些最成功的电子企业使用店面模型，而许多店面模型中领先的公司是企业与消费者间商务模式。例如，More.com是一个保健与美容电子商务网站，它使用电子购物车技术使顾客能够选购、购买和安排货运。其产品包括皮肤保养品、眼保健品、医药品和其他卫生与健康产品。 Ticketmaster.com (www.ticketmaster.com)使用因特网售票改进其顾客服务。顾客有权访问座位计划、节目单和价格折扣。Ticketmaster使用购物车技术——一种先进的数据库系统，也是使网站运行成为可能的支撑设施。 尽管这两个公司都使用购物车和支持技术为顾客提供产品和服务，它们各自选择了不同方法实现电子商务。 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-11 3.2.1 Shopping-cart Technology One of the most commonly used e-commerce enablers is the shopping cart. This order-processing technology allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy as they continue to shop. Supporting the shopping cart is a product catalog, which is hosted on the merchant server in the form of a database. The merchant server is the data storage and management system employed by the merchant. A database is a part of the merchant server designed to store and report on large amounts of information. For example, a database for an online clothing retailer would typically include such product specifications as item description, size, availability, shipping information, stock levels and on-order information. Databases also store customer information, such as names, addresses, credit-card information and past purchases. The Amazon.com feature explains these technologies and how they are implemented. Although the shopping cart is only one method of conducting transactions online, it is an effective way of buying and selling products on the Internet. Many companies combine a number of purchasing methods to give their customers a wide array of options. While shopping-cart technology offers consumers the convenience of quick and easy transactions, it creates problems regarding consumer privacy and online security. For more examples of e-businesses who have found success using this technology visit www.etoys.com, www.webvan.com, and www.cdnow.com. 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-12 3.2.1 Shopping-cart Technology 使电子商务成为可能的、最普遍采用的一种技术是购物车技术。这种定单处理技术允许顾客在持续选购时累积他们想购买的项目。而支持购物车的则是一个以数据库形式存放在商家服务器上的产品目录。商家服务器是商家用于数据存储和管理的系统，它通常是一个实现网站运行所有功能的计算机系统。数据库是用来存储和报告大量信息的服务程序的一部分。比如，用于在线服装零售的数据库典型地包括如项目描述、尺码、可用性、货运信息、库存水平和已定购信息等产品规范。数据库还要存储客户信息，如姓名、地址、信用卡数据和以往购买情况。Amazon.com的特点说明这些技术及其如何实现。 尽管购物车只是实施在线交易的一种方法，它是在因特网上买卖产品的有效方式。很多公司将多种购物方法结合起来，给顾客多种选择。 虽然购物车技术为顾客提供快捷、简便的交易服务，它也带来了顾客隐私和在线安全等问题。为了获得更多成功的电子企业实例，可访问www.etoys.com、 www.webvan.com和www.cdnow.com。 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-13 3.2.2 Online Shopping Malls Online shopping malls present consumers with a wide selection of products and services. They are often considered to be more convenient than searching and shopping at independent online storefronts for several reasons. Consumers can search and shop for a variety of products, and rather than making several separate purchases, they can use the mall’s shopping-cart technology to purchase items from many stores in a single transaction. Often these sites act as shopping portals, directing traffic to the leading shopping retailers for a specific product. Leading online malls include Mall.com (www.mall.com), which features many of the same vendors you will find in your local brick-and-mortar3 mall—offline retailers such as JCrew, Harrods, and the Sharper Image. Shopnow.com, www.shopnow.com and www.DealShop.com are other online malls offering a wide variety of shopping options 3.2 Storefront Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-14 3.2 Storefront Model 3.2.2 Online Shopping Malls 在线购物中心为顾客提供产品和服务的广泛选择。由于种种原因，它们比让顾客在一个独立的在线商店中搜索、选购提供更多的便利。例如，顾客可以从许许多多的商家找出想购买的产品，而且，他们可以利用购物中心的购物车技术，通过一次交易向从许多商家购买产品，而不是做几次独立的购买。通常，这些在线购物中心扮演的是购物门户的角色，对于一种特定的产品将客流导向主要零售商。 一流在线购物中心包括Mall.com(www.mall.com)，它向你展示许多可以在当地发现的离线零售商如Jcrew、Harrods和 Shaper Image。Shopnow.com (www.shopnow.com)和www.DealShop.com是提供许多购物选择的其他在线购物中心。 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-15 New Words & Expressions: dwarf adj.矮小的；vt.使矮小;使相形见绌 pinpoint v.查明 log on 登录 Reverse Auction，反向拍卖，反向标购 dispenser n自动售货机 bold-face n.[印刷]粗体铅字, 黑体字 bid vt.出价, 投标n.出价, 投标 downtime n.停工期 consistently adv. 一贯地， 始终如一地 addiction n.沉溺, 上瘾 3.3 Auction Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-16 Forrester Research1 reveals that an estimated $3.8 billion were spent on online person-to-person auctions in the year 2000 alone. This number is dwarfed by the $52 billion that is projected to be spent on business-to-business auctions in 2002. The Web offers many different kinds of auction sites, in addition to sites designed to search existing auction sites in order to pinpoint the lowest prices on an available item. Usually, auction sites act as forums through which Internet users can log-on and assume the role of either bidder or seller. As a seller, you are able to post an item you wish to sell, the minimum price you require to sell your item and a deadline to close the auction. Some sites allow you to add features, such as a photograph or a description of the item’s condition. As a bidder, you may search the site for availability of the item you are seeking, view the current bidding activity and place a bid (bids are usually in designated increments). Some sites allow you to submit a maximum bidding price and will continue bidding for you. Auction technology will be explained in depth in the eBay feature. 3.3 Auction Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-17 3.3 Auction Model 美国福里斯特公司揭示仅2000年一年，估计就有38亿美元将花在个人对个人在线拍卖上。这个数字与2002年计划在企业间拍卖花费52亿美元相形见绌。除了提供用于搜寻现有网站的网站，以便查明某个可用项目的最低价格之外，环球网提供许多不同种类的网站。 通常拍卖网站就像一个论坛一样，因特网用户可以通过拍卖网站扮演售货者或者投标人的角色。作为一个售货者，你可以把你想出卖的项目张贴到网上，并注明最低价和拍卖截止期。一些网站还允许你补充项目的特征如照片或项目的状况描述。作为一个投标人，你可以在网站查询你所寻找项目的可用性，观察当前投标情况并投标——通常规定价格是增长的。一些网站允许你提交一个最高标价并持续为你竞标。拍卖技术将由eBay网站的特征深入解释 . Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-18 The reverse auction model allows the buyer to set a price as sellers compete to match or even beat it. One example of a reverse auction site is Liquidprice.com which processes your auction within two days. A faster option is available when the buyer sets a reserve price. A reserve price is the lowest price that the seller will accept in any type of auction. Sellers can set the reserve price higher than the minimum bid. If no bid meets the reserve price, the auction is unsuccessful. If a seller sets a reserve price at Liquidprice.com, the seller will receive a series of bids within six hours of their initial post. However, if a successful bid is made, the buyer and seller must commit. Although auction sites usually require a commission on sales, these sites are only a forum for online buying and selling. They do not involve themselves in payment or delivery. After the auction has been completed, both the seller and the bidder are notified, and the method of payment and the cost of delivery is then worked out between the two parties. 3.3 Auction Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-19 反向拍卖模型允许买方定价，而卖方竞价或杀价。Liquidprice.com就是一个反向拍卖网站，它在两天内处理你的拍卖。当买方开出一个反向价格时，就可得到一个较快的选择。这个反向价格就是卖主在任意一种拍卖中将接受的最低价。卖主可以把反向价格定在最低标价之上。如果没有一个出价满足反向价格要求，拍卖就不成功。如果一个卖主在Liquidprice.com网站设定一个反向价格，卖主将在开始张贴的6小时内收到一系列投标。然而，在这种较快的选择下，如果竞标成功的话，双方必须支付佣金。 尽管拍卖网站要求在出售时支付佣金，但这些网站只是在线买卖的论坛。当拍卖结束后，售货者和出价人都收到通知，付款和交货就在买卖双方进行。 3.3 Auction Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-20 There are several other online auction sites. A few of the largest auctions sites are Yahoo! Auctions (auctions.yahoo.com), Amazon Auctions (www.amazon.com). FairMarket, Inc. (www.fairmarket.com) and Sotheby’s (www.sothebys.com). If you prefer to see the auction as it happens visit www.ibidlive.com. There is a demo available on this site. Auctions are also being employed by business-to-business Web sites. In these auctions the buyer and the seller are companies. Auctions are a good way for a company to sell excess inventory and gain access to new, price-sensitive customers. Three examples of B2B auction sites are DoveBid, Inc. (www.dovebid.com), WorldCall Exchange (www.worldcallexchange. com) and U-Bid-It.com (www.u-bid-it.com). 还有几个其他在线拍卖网站。其中最大的几家拍卖网站是Yahoo! 拍卖 (auctions.yahoo.com)、Amazon拍卖(www.amazon.com)、 FairMarket 有限公司 (www.fairmarket.com) 和 Sotheby的网站www.sothebys.com。如果你喜欢看拍卖过程，请访问www.ibidlive.com，该网站有一个可用的演示。 企业间电子商务网站也用于拍卖。在这种拍卖中，买卖双方是企业。企业通过在线拍卖出售多余的库存并获得新的、对价格敏感的顾客。三个企业间电子商务拍卖网站的实例是DoveBid有限公司 (www.dovebid.com)、 WorldCall 交易所 (www.worldcallexchange.com) 和U-Bid-It.com (www.u-bid-it.com). 3.3 Auction Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-21 3.4 Portal Model New Words & Expressions: pertain to v.属于, 关于, 附属, 适合, 相称 savvy v.知道, 了解; n.机智, 理解, 悟性 clickthrough n. 点击，点进，同click-through sign in v.签到, 记录到达时间, 签收 descending n.递减 dorm n.<俗> 宿舍, 同dormitory merger n.合并，联合组织 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-22 Portal sites give visitors the chance to find almost everything they are looking for in one place. They often offer news, sports and weather, as well as the ability to search the Web. When most people hear the word portal they think of search engines. Search engines are horizontal portals, or portals that aggregate information on a broad range of topics. Other portals are more specific, offering a great deal of information pertaining to a single area of interest—these are called vertical portals.. 纵向门户在一个主题领域提供大量信息，并经常被描述为团体网站。专门针对无数特殊兴趣群体的团体网站可以在线发现。通过允许访问者向网站捐赠、与朋友聊天和发现特别针对他们的信息，团体网站建立顾客忠诚。纵向门户注意吸引回头客。 3.4 Portal Model Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-23 New Words & Expressions: mouse n. 鼠标 rebate n.回扣, 折扣；vt.减少, 打折扣 empower v.授权与, 使能够 catapult vt.突然把...捧出名 spotlight n.聚光灯 mortgage n.抵押； v.抵押 scour vt. (搜索或追捕时)急速走遍 markup n.涨价, 涨价幅度 profit margin n. 利润率 overstock vt.进货过多, n.过多的进货, 库存过剩 vice versa adv.反之亦然 star bond n. 明星债券 eligible adj. (常与for连用) 适合的,被选的 lottery n.彩票 referral n.提名, 推举, 被推举的人 raffle n.抽彩售货；vt.抽彩售货；vi.抽彩 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-24 The Web has changed the way business is done and the way products are priced. Bartering and offering rebates are other ways companies are keeping prices down on the Internet. By forming strategic partnerships and selling advertising many companies are able to offer their products at a greatly reduced rate and often for free. Another pricing strategy used by many e-businesses is to offer products and services for free. 环球网已经改变了商业方式与产品定价方式。被许多电子企业使用的一种定价策略是提供免费的产品和服务。通过形成战略伙伴和出售广告，许多公司能够以很低的价格，而且常常免费提供产品。实物交易和回扣是公司在因特网上保持低价的另外两种方法。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-25 3.5.1 Name-Your-Price Model The name-your-price business model empowers customers by allowing them to choose their price for products and services (See the Priceline.com feature). Many of the businesses that offer this service have formed partnerships with leaders of industries such a travel, lending, retail etc. These industry leaders receive the customer’s desired price from the intermediary and decide whether or not to sell the product or service. If the customer’s price is not reasonable then that customer will be asked to choose another price. 由消费者定价的商业模型赋予消费者自己为产品和服务定价的权力。许多这种商业已与各行各业的领先者如旅游业、出租业、零售业等形成了伙伴关系。这些行业的领先者收到来自中介商的消费者期望的价格，然后决定是否按消费者的要求出售商品和服务。如果消费者的价格不合适，则要求消费者选择另一个价格。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-26 3.5.2 Comparison Pricing Model The comparison pricing model allows customers to poll a variety of merchants and find a desired product or service at the lowest price (See the Bottomdollar.com feature). These sites often get their revenue from partnerships with particular merchants. Thus, you need to be careful when using these services, because you may not necessarily be getting the best price available on the entire Web. Other similar sites search the most popular stores on the Internet, trying to appeal to the largest audience. 比较定价模型允许消费者对许多贸易商进行调查询问并找出最低价的产品和服务。这些网站通常通过与特殊的贸易商形成贸易伙伴产生利润。当你使用这种服务时，必须当心，因为你可能不需要得到整个环球网上最低的价格。其他类似网站寻找因特网上最流行的商店。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-27 3.5.3 Demand-Sensitive Pricing Model The Web has enabled customers to demand better, faster service at cheaper prices. It has also empowered buyers to shop in large groups to achieve a group rate. The concept behind the demand-sensitive-pricing business model is that the more people who buy a product in a single purchase, the lower the cost-per-person becomes. Selling products individually can be expensive because the vendor must price a product so that it covers selling and overhead cost while still generating a profit. When customers buy in bulk, this cost is shared and the profit margin is increased. 环球网使消费者能够以更低的价格要求更好、更快的服务。它还使购买者能够以大批购买的方式获得团体折扣。 需求敏感型定价商业模型概念的含义在于购买单件商品的人数越多，每个人的购买价越低。一件一件地出售产品的成本高是因为卖主的定价必须包括销售和管理费用而同时还要产生利润。当顾客大批购买时，这些成本被分摊，而利润增加了。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-28 3.5.4 Bartering Model Another popular method of conducting e-business is bartering, or offering one item in exchange for another. Ubarter.com (www.ubarter.com) is a site that allows individuals and companies wishing to sell a product to post their listings. The seller makes an initial offer with the intention of bartering to reach a final agreement with the buyer. A broad range of products and services is available for barter. If a business is looking to get rid of an overstocked product, iSolve (www.isolve.com) can help sell it. Products can be sold directly or on a barter basis. Potential customers send their pricing preferences to the merchant who evaluates the offer. Deals are often part barter and part cash. Examples of items typically bartered are overstocked inventory items, factory surplus and unneeded assets. 另一种流行的电子商业运作方式是实物交易，或提供一种物品与其他物品交换。卖主首先提出与购买者达成实物交易最后协定的意向。许多产品和服务可用来实物交换。 如果一个企业寻求摆脱库存过剩，iSolveSM 可以帮助它出售多余产品。这些产品可以直接出售或进行实物交易，实际交易常常包括一部分实物交易和一部分现金交易。用于实物交易的典型产品有过剩库存、工厂剩余物质和不需要的资产。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-29 3.5.5 Rebates Rebates can help attract customers to your site. Many companies offer “everyday low prices” and specials to keep customers coming back. eBates is a shopping site where customers receive a rebate on every purchase. eBates has formed partnerships with wholesalers and retailers who will offer discounts—the company passes these discounts to customers in the form of rebates. By adding value to a customers visit, eBates builds customer satisfaction and loyalty. eBates retains a portion of the savings. 回扣可以有助于将顾客吸引到你的网站。许多公司提供“每日低价”和特价商品吸引回头客。eBates.com是一个购物网站，在那里顾客对所购买的每一件商品都收到回扣，eBates.com已与提供打折的批发与零售商形成了商业伙伴，公司将折扣以回扣的形式给顾客。通过给顾客的访问增值，eBates.com保证顾客满意和建立了信誉，它还保留一部分节余 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-30 3.5.6 Offering Free Products and Services Many entrepreneurs are forming their business models around advertising-driven revenue streams. Television networks, radio stations, magazines and print media use advertising to fund their operations and make a profit. The following sites offer their products for free on the Web. Many of these sites also form partnerships with companies to exchange products and services for advertising space and vise versa. 许多企业家围绕广告驱动的收入流形成他们的企业模型。电视网络、广播电台、杂志和印刷媒体利用广告来为他们的运行提供资金并获利。本节讨论的网站在环球网上提供免费产品，许多这样的网站与公司形成商业伙伴，用产品和服务交换广告空间，反之亦然。 3.5Dynamic Pricing Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-31 3.6 B2B Exchange New Words & Expressions: procurement n. 购置,采购 exchange n.交易市场 marketplace n.集会场所, 市场,商场 aggregate vt. 聚集 negotiate vt.谈判,处理,转让 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-32 B2B e-commerce is defined as buying, selling, partnering, bartering or trading conducted between two or more businesses. Goldman Sachs has estimated that B2B e-commerce will generate as much as 1.5 trillion dollars in revenues by 2004, with some estimates running even higher. The B2B marketplace is one of the fastest growing segments of e-commerce. Industry leaders have begun using B2B marketplaces and exchanges to improve their business methods on the Web. B2B exchanges allow businesses to buy, sell, auction, barter and distribute products and services. This cuts costs while improving efficiency. 企业间电子商务是指在两个或更多的企业之间进行相互买卖、合伙经营、易货贸易或贸易管理。高曼萨克斯估计企业间电子商务将会在2004年之前产生1.5万亿美元的收入,甚至会更高。企业间电子商务交易市场是电子商务中最快速成长的部分。企业决策者已经开始使用电子商务市场来改进他们在网络上的交易手段。企业间电子商务交易所允许企业进行买、卖、拍卖、物物交换和产品分配与服务。在提高效率的同时也降低了成本。 3.6 B2B Exchange Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-33 New Words & Expressions: logistics n. 物流 surplus n.剩余；adj.剩余的，过剩的 troubleshooting n.发现并修理故障, 解决纷争 icon n.图标, 肖像, 偶像 membership n.成员资格 3.7 B2B Service Providers Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-34 3.7 B2B Service Providers B2B service providers make B2B transactions on the Internet easier. These e-businesses help other businesses improve policies, procedures, customer service and general operations. B2B服务提供商使企业间电子商务在因特网上的交易更为容易。这些服务提供商能帮助其他企业改进政策、程序、客户服务和一般运作。 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-35 New Words & Expressions: brokerage n.经纪业务 securities n.有价证券 investment n.投资, 可获利的东西 Stock Quote 股票报价 broker n.掮客, 经纪人 portfolio n. 有价证券,资产组合,证券资产 3.8 Online Trading and Lending Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-36 Another fast-growing area of e-commerce is online securities trading. Stock trades used to be handled only through brokers who were paid commissions for their services. However, due to the popularity of online trading, many brokerage houses have established a presence on the Web. Trading sites allow you to research securities, buy, sell and manage all of your investments from your desktop. Online trading often costs less than conventional brokerage. 另一个快速成长的电子商务领域是在线证券贸易。股票交易过去仅仅是通过所委托的经纪人操作。然而，由于在线贸易的盛行，许多经纪机构出现在环球网上。交易网站允许你从桌面上仔细研究有价证券、买、卖并管理你的全部投资。通常，在线交易费用低于传统的经纪人费用。 3.8 Online Trading and Lending Models Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-37 New Words & Expressions: brokerage n.经纪业务 securities n.有价证券 lending n.出借, 出租, 贷款, 出租物 loan n.(借出的)贷款, 借出;v.借, 借给 vendor n.卖主 assets n.资产 3.9 Getting a Loan Online Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-38 Online lending is a growing segment of e-commerce. You might find a loan with a lower rate online than through traditional lending channels. The following companies make loans to customers over the Web. E-LOAN (www.eloan.com) offers credit-card services, home equity loans and the tools and calculators to help you make educated borrowing decisions. Rated the number-one mortgage e-commerce site by Gomez.com, Mortgagebot (www.mortgagebot.com) offers a five-vendor rate search. This allows customers to find a bank in their neighborhood that is willing to offer them the lowest possible interest rate. E-businesses can seek loans at eCredit (www.ecredit.com). 在线借贷是正在成长起来的一个电子商务领域。你可能会发现在线贷款比传统的借贷利率要低。下面的公司在网络上为客户提供贷款服务。E-LOAN(www.eloan.com)网站提供信用卡、房屋抵押贷款、工具及计算器等帮助你做出明智的借款决定。 被Gomez.com列为最好的抵押贷款电子商务网站,Mortgagebot(www.mortgagebot.com)提供五家厂商利率搜寻。这允许客户在他们附近找一个银行，愿意提供他们最低的可能利率。 电子企业可在eCredit(www.ecredit.com)网站上寻求贷款。 3.9 Getting a Loan Online Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-39 New Words & Expressions: recruit vt, vi 招募，招聘 cover letter n. 自述信, 工作申请信 pool n.存储池,组合,联合 contractor n.订约人, 承包人 consultant n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者 referral n.提名, 推举, 被推举的人 commission n.代理(权), 佣金 Super Bowl 超级杯(美式橄榄球赛) 3.10 Recruiting on the Web Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-40 Recruiting and job searching can be done effectively on the Web (See the monster.com feature) Whether you are an employer or a job seeker, the Internet can improve your ability to recruit or find a job. Job seekers can learn how to write a resume and cover letter, post it online and search through job listings to find the jobs that best suit their needs. Employers can post jobs that can be searched by an enormous pool of applicants. 招聘或找工作都能在网上有效地进行。无论你是一个雇主还是一个求职者，因特网都能改进你招聘或找工作的能力。求职者能在网上学习如何写履历表和附信,然后在线张贴并仔细搜寻工作清单，从而找到最适合他们需要的工作。雇主也从一大堆应聘者中寻找自己所需要的雇员。 3.10 Recruiting on the Web Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-41 New Words & Expressions: CNN 美国有线新闻网络 enroll v.[亦作enrol] 登记, 招收, 参加, 成为成员 highlights n. 拔萃, 集锦(精采会议文献选辑) fantasy n.幻想; 狂想; 想象,荒诞的想法 celebrity n.名声, 名人 commentary n.注释, 解说词 multimedia n.多媒体, 多媒体的采用 Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报 3.11 Online News Services Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-42 As we move into the information age, there is no question that the Web will play a major role in the publishing and news industries. Well-known news organizations such as CNN (see feature), The Wall Street Journal and Newsweek have all found the Web to be a dynamic environment on which to feature their content. 当我们进入信息时代，毫无疑问，网络在出版业和新闻业将起到主导作用。著名的新闻组织例如美国有线新闻网、华尔街日报和新闻周刊都已发现网络是表现内容的动态环境。 3.11 Online News Services Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-43 New Words & Expressions: cruise vi.巡游, 巡航;n.巡游, 巡航 reimburse v.偿还, 报销 reimbursement n.付还, 退还 outsource v.外部采办,外购 itinerary n.路线 criteria n.标准 up-to-date adj.直到现在的, 最近的 3.12 Online Travel Services Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-44 Web surfers can search for and arrange all of their travel and accommodations online, and can often save money doing so. The Web gives people access to much of the same information previously accessible only by travel agents. (See the Travelocity.com feature) You will find the lowest prices, best times and the best accommodations available to you. 网络冲浪者能在线寻找并安排他们的全部旅行和膳宿，通常这么做可以省钱。网络能给人们提供许多以前只有通过旅行代理商才能得到的相同信息。(看 Travelocity.com 网站的特写)你将会找到最适合你的最低价格、最佳时间和最好膳宿的旅游。 3.12 Online Travel Services Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-45 New Words & Expressions: trailer n.预告片,片尾,带尾 multimedia-rich 富媒体 pertaining adj. 与...有关系的, 为...固有的(to) cast n.演员表,演员阵容 crew n. 摄制组 scour vt. (搜索或追捕时)急速走遍 3.13 Online Entertainment Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-46 The Web is based on the communication of high-quality information developed with high-quality multimedia. The entertainment industry has recognized this and has leveraged its power to sell movie tickets, albums and any other entertainment-related content they can fit on a Web page. Some of the Web’s greatest controversies surround the online entertainment industry. Internet copyright cases are becoming the norm as individuals begin to use the Internet to trade their media such as music and videos. 网络以随高质量多媒体发展而发展的高质量信息的通信为基础的。娱乐行业已认识到这一点并利用它的杠杆作用，在网上出售电影票、相簿和任何其他与娱乐有关、可以适合网络的内容。网络的一些最大争端包围在线娱乐业。当个人开始使用因特网进行他们的像音乐和视频等媒体交易时，因特网版权案例正在成为类型。 3.13 Online Entertainment Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-47 New Words & Expressions: dealership n. 商品经销特殊权，商品特许经销商 appraiser n.评价者, 鉴定者, 估价官 one-stop shop n. 一站式服务商店 Detroit Free Press底特律自由报 3.14 Online Automotive Sites Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-48 Various sites allow users to research and purchase new and used cars. Whether or not you actually make your final arrangements for the purchase of a new vehicle online, many of the preliminary steps can be completed. Online auto sites provide users with the ability to explore options more efficiently than traveling among dealerships. Online automobile appraisers also offer users leverage in negotiating a price on a new car by giving them access to instant value estimates. 各种不同的网站允许用户研究和购买新车或二手车。无论你是否真正为在线购买一辆新车做了最后安排，网站能完成多数预备性的步骤。在线汽车网站为用户提供探究选项的能力，比与代理商周旋会更有效率。在线汽车鉴定商通过让用户访问即时价格评估同样为用户在新车价格谈判中提供一个杠杆。 3.14 Online Automotive Sites Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-49 New Words & Expressions: dealership n. 商品经销特殊权，商品特许经销商 appraiser n.评价者, 鉴定者, 估价官 one-stop shop n. 一站式服务商店 Detroit Free Press底特律自由报 subsidiary n.辅助的,子公司 3.15 Energy Online Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-50 A number of companies have set up energy exchanges where buyers and sellers come to communicate, buy, sell, and distribute energy. These companies sell crude oil, electricity and the products and systems for distributing them. 许多的公司已经建立了能源交换网站，买方与卖方在此沟通、买、卖、分配能源。这些公司通过网站来出售原油、电以及输送它们产品的系统。 3.15 Energy Online Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-51 New Words & Expressions: brainpower n.科学工作者,智囊 patent n.专利权, 执照, 专利品 compensation n.补偿, 赔偿 archive vt.存档；n.档案文件 intellectual property 知识产权 3.16 Selling Brainpower Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-52 Companies can buy patents and other intellectual property online. It is often difficult for small businesses to invest time and money in research and development. Other companies have trouble finding the talent to create such property. 公司能在线买卖专利权和其他知识产权。对小型企业而言，在产品研发方面投资时间和金钱通常是困难的。其他公司在寻找人才来创造这些知识产权方面有困难。 3.16 Selling Brainpower Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-53 New Words & Expressions: dealer n. 经销商,经销人,经纪人 medium n.媒体, 方法, 媒介 decor n. 舞台装饰, 装饰之格调 genre n.类型, 流派 peruse vt. 细读, 研讨 3.17 Online Art Dealers Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-54 The Web offers a new outlet for your favorite supplies and artwork which you can often find at a discount on the Web. Shopping-cart technology and express shipping allow you to have your art and supplies within a few days of your order. 环球网为你喜爱的艺术用品和艺术品提供一个新的出路，你常常能在网上发现它们优惠。购物车技术和快递运送使你在定货的几天内得到你所需的艺术用品和艺术品。 3.17 Online Art Dealers Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-55 New Words & Expressions: hand-held devices 手持设备 curricula n.课程 assessment n. 估价, 被估定的金额 license n.许可(证), 执照;vt.许可, 特许 hub n.网络集线器, 网络中心 supplementary n. 增补者, 增补物; adj.附助的 walkthrough n.开拍前的排练,初步排演 3.18 E-Learning Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-56 The e-learning industry is growing rapidly as the number of individuals with access to computers and hand-held-devices increases. Universities and corporate-training companies offer high-quality distance education directly over the Web. There are companies on the Web that aggregate e-learning products and services from content creators and publishers worldwide, and offer them on a subscription basis to individuals and corporations. As technology increases and audio and video quality on the Web improve, so will the quality and availability of e-learning programs. 随着访问计算机和手持设备的人数增加，电子学习行业正在快速地成长。大学和联合培训公司直接在网上进行高质量的远程教育。网上聚集了来自全球内容创作者和出版者的电子学习产品与服务,并在网上以预定的方式向个人和社团提供它们。随着技术的提高和声频和视频质量的改进，电子教育程序的质量和有效性也将得到提高。 3.18 E-Learning Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-57 New Words & Expressions: peripheral adj.外围的, n.外围设备 entity n.实体 egghead n.有知识者, 受过高等教育的人, 理论家 overhead n.企业一般管理费用 3.19 Click-and-Mortar Businesses Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-58 Brick-and-mortar companies who wish to bring their businesses to the Web must determine the level of cooperation and integration the two separate entities will share. A company that can offer its services both online and offline can add value to the customers’ experience. 希望将他们的生意带到环球网上的传统公司必须确定两个分离的实体将分享合作与联合的水平。在线和脱机状态都能提供服务企业能为客户的经验增加价值。 3.19 Click-and-Mortar Businesses Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-59 数学公式的读法 1 逻辑(Logic)  there exists for all p q p implies q / if p, then q pq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2 集合(Sets) xA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A xA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AB A is contained in B / A is a subset of B AB A contains B / B is a subset of A AB A cap B / A meet B/ A intersection B AB A cup B/ A join B / A union B B/A A minus B/the difference between A and B A×B A cross B / the Cartesian product of A and B(A与B的笛卡尔积) 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-60 3 实数(Real numbers) x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x±1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multiplied by y (x-y)(x+y) x minus y, x plus y x over y = the equals sign x=5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5 x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x>y x is greater than y x≥y x is greater than or equal to y x< y x is less than y 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 Chapter 3 E-Business Models 电子商务专业英语 3-61 4 线性代数(Linear algebra) ||A|| the norm (or modulus) of x AT A transpose / the transpose of A A-1 A inverse / the inverse of A 5 函数(Functions) f(x) fx / f of x / the function f of x f : S→T a function f from S to T f(x) f prime x / f dash x / the (rst) derivative of f with respect to x f(x) f double–prime x / f double–dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f(x) f triple–prime x / f triple–dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x Chapter 3 E-Business Models $$