内容正文:
2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句
逐题分解与提升训练
专题04
新高考Ⅰ卷:阅读理解D篇
Ⅰ.通读真题原文
Ⅱ.提取核心词汇
Ш.剖析长难句子
Ⅳ.打靶提升训练
【通读真题原文】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现,数字生物多样性记录存在偏见,建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
原文再现
参考译文
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on?
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study?
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
在记录地球上灭绝物种的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家收集了数十亿条记录。如今,大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们有助于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化,但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现,这种记录并不完美。
“随着技术的兴起,人们很容易在移动应用程序的帮助下观察不同的物种,”该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文科学学院生物学助理教授巴拿巴·达鲁说。“这些观测结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们可用吗?”
Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
Daru说:“我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样中倾向于偏倚数据的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是旁边的草。”。
他们的研究表明,大量的仅观察记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖率。此外,这些数据有偏见,有利于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获得观测生物多样性数据的人通常是记录他们与附近地区物种相遇的公民科学家。这些数据也偏向于具有吸引人或引人注目特征的某些物种。
我们能用不完美的生物多样性数据集做什么?
“相当多,”Daru解释道。“生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果告知用户过采样区域,并将他们引导到采样不充分的地方,甚至物种。为了提高观测数据的质量,生物多样性app还可以鼓励用户让专家确认上传图像的身份。”
32.我们对现在收集的物种记录了解多少?
A.它们已经过时了。
B.它们大多是电子形式的。
C.数量有限。
D.它们用于公开展览。
33.Daru的研究重点是什么?
A.濒危物种。
B.物理标本。
C.观测数据。
D.移动应用程序。
34.根据这项研究,是什么导致了偏见?
A.数据分析中的错误。
B.上传图片质量差。
C.取样方式不当。
D.不可靠的数据收集设备。
35.Daru对生物多样性应用程序有什么建议?
A.审查某些领域的数据。
B.聘请专家核查记录。
C.确认用户身份。
D.指导公民科学家。
【提取核心词汇】
extinct adj. 已灭绝的
variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
observe n. 观察(到);注视;遵守
assist vt. 帮助;援助
represent v. 代表,表示
reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出
feature vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色;特征;特点
confirm vt. 确认;使确信
【剖析长难句子】
1. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
【分析】
这个句子通过描述斯坦福大学的新研究发现,说明了某种记录方法尽管在检测物种数量和多样性变化方面很有用,但也存在其不完善之处。句子结构简洁明了,清晰地传达了研究结果和其背后的重要观察。
1.主语是 "a new Stanford study"(一项新的斯坦福大学研究)。
2.谓语是 "has found"(发现),表明这项研究的发现或结论。
3.宾语:宾语部分描述了这项研究的发现:"Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area"(尽管它们对于检测某一地区物种数量和多样性的变化很有用):说明了这种记录方法的用途和优势。"this type of record is not perfect"(这种记录方式并非完美):总结了研究发现的关键点,即尽管有用,但这种记录方式存在不完善之处。
4.句子使用了逗号来分隔并引出一个从句,强调了尽管有用的一方面,但也指出了这种方法的局限性。斯坦福大学的研究表明了这种记录方法的双重面向,即其优势和不足。
2. These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?
【分析】
这个句子表达了说话者对观察数据在科学研究中角色和可靠性的疑问。通过描述观察数据与实体标本数据的对比以及它们在全球变化研究中的使用趋势,句子清晰地传达了说话者的思考和问题。
1.主语是 "I"(我)。
2.谓语是 "wanted to know"(想要知道),表明说话者的意图或动作。
3.宾语:宾语部分包含了复杂的推断和背景信息:"These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)"(这些观察现在比起来自实体标本的主要数据更多):说明了观察数据现在数量上超过了来自实体标本的主要数据。"since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change"(因为我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何响应全球变化):说明了使用观察数据的趋势和目的,即研究物种对全球变化的反应。"I wanted to know: Are they usable?"(我想知道:它们是否可用?):表达了说话者的疑问和关注,即关于观察数据是否可靠和实用的问题。
4.句子通过逗号来分隔不同的推断和问题,清晰地展示了说话者的思考过程和疑问。强调了观察数据在科学研究中的重要性和可用性的疑问,特别是在全球变化研究中的应用。
3. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【分析】
这个句子说明了为什么通过移动设备获取观察性生物多样性数据是合理的。通过介绍公民科学家如何记录他们在附近地区与物种的邂逅,句子清晰地传达了这种数据收集方式的普及和背后的逻辑。
1.主语是 "This"(这)。
2.谓语是 "makes sense"(是有道理的),表明这种情况是合理的或理所当然的。
3.宾语:宾语部分解释了为什么这是有道理的:"because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices"(因为那些通过移动设备获取观察性生物多样性数据的人们):说明了情况的背景和原因。"are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby"(通常是公民科学家记录他们在附近地区与物种的邂逅):进一步解释了这些人的身份和行为,即他们是在附近地区记录物种的公民科学家。
4.句子使用了因果连接词 "because" 来引导原因。描述了公民科学家如何通过移动设备收集生物多样性数据,强调了这种做法的普遍性和重要性。
【打靶提升训练】
一、单词拼写
1.It is believed that many plant species are t with extinction. (根据首字母单词拼写)
2.A variety of (物种) are endangered by human activities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
3.They observed the exact (位置) of the battle and found enough evidence. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
4.When Jane was at university, she often assisted the (图书管理员) in arranging books. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
5.I feel (荣幸) to represent my class to deliver a speech here. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6.Distance tests a horse’s (力量) time reveals a person’s character. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
7.Information provided by traditional mass media features (准确;精准性) and credibility (可靠性). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
8.Russia confirmed a successful missile test on Tuesday that hit and d (摧毁) an old satellite. (根据中英文提示填空)
二、语法填空
9.A lot of animals were in danger of (extinct) at the time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10. (variety) Chinese apps have been springing up on the western internet, placing the local government in panic.(所给词的适当形式填空)
11.Biologists (observe) a significant increase in bird species diversity after reforestation efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.To be frank, without my English teacher’s encouragement and (assist), I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English learning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.The exhibition From Rembrandt to Vermeer is quite (represent) of The Dutch Golden Age of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.Through his whole life, Charles Dickens created a sea of literary works, (reveal) a wide range of social issues in Great Britain in the 19th century. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.There are many reports (feature) heroes who are devoted to common people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.Researchers have the theory (confirm) by making experiments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三、完成句子
17.这提醒我们, 我们人类有可能在某一天灭绝。
This extinct one day.
18.黄石公园以它野生生物的多样性而著名。
Yellowstone the variety of its wildlife.
19.来自这个国家的代表都被列为会议的观察员。
Representatives from the country observers at the conference.
20.尽管很虚弱,珍妮挣扎着站起来,继续寻求帮助。(形容词开头)
, Jenny struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.
21.他说计划是安全的,但并不是那回事。
He represented the plan , but it was not.
22.三部分组成的宏伟画卷展现了那个时期的北宋已处于衰败之中。
Consisting of three main sections, the ambitious scroll reveals that the Northern Song Dynasty was actually by this stage.
23.这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。
These features Li Bai’s wide use of exaggeration, metaphor and other artistic techniques.
24.他们证实了生产成本已经降低。
They confirmed that production costs .
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句
逐题分解与提升训练
专题04
新高考Ⅰ卷:阅读理解D篇
Ⅰ.通读真题原文
Ⅱ.提取核心词汇
Ш.剖析长难句子
Ⅳ.打靶提升训练
【通读真题原文】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现,数字生物多样性记录存在偏见,建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
原文再现
参考译文
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on?
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study?
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
在记录地球上灭绝物种的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家收集了数十亿条记录。如今,大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们有助于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化,但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现,这种记录并不完美。
“随着技术的兴起,人们很容易在移动应用程序的帮助下观察不同的物种,”该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文科学学院生物学助理教授巴拿巴·达鲁说。“这些观测结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们可用吗?”
Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
Daru说:“我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样中倾向于偏倚数据的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是旁边的草。”。
他们的研究表明,大量的仅观察记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖率。此外,这些数据有偏见,有利于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获得观测生物多样性数据的人通常是记录他们与附近地区物种相遇的公民科学家。这些数据也偏向于具有吸引人或引人注目特征的某些物种。
我们能用不完美的生物多样性数据集做什么?
“相当多,”Daru解释道。“生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果告知用户过采样区域,并将他们引导到采样不充分的地方,甚至物种。为了提高观测数据的质量,生物多样性app还可以鼓励用户让专家确认上传图像的身份。”
32.我们对现在收集的物种记录了解多少?
A.它们已经过时了。
B.它们大多是电子形式的。
C.数量有限。
D.它们用于公开展览。
33.Daru的研究重点是什么?
A.濒危物种。
B.物理标本。
C.观测数据。
D.移动应用程序。
34.根据这项研究,是什么导致了偏见?
A.数据分析中的错误。
B.上传图片质量差。
C.取样方式不当。
D.不可靠的数据收集设备。
35.Daru对生物多样性应用程序有什么建议?
A.审查某些领域的数据。
B.聘请专家核查记录。
C.确认用户身份。
D.指导公民科学家。
【提取核心词汇】
extinct adj. 已灭绝的
variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
observe n. 观察(到);注视;遵守
assist vt. 帮助;援助
represent v. 代表,表示
reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出
feature vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色;特征;特点
confirm vt. 确认;使确信
【剖析长难句子】
1. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
【分析】
这个句子通过描述斯坦福大学的新研究发现,说明了某种记录方法尽管在检测物种数量和多样性变化方面很有用,但也存在其不完善之处。句子结构简洁明了,清晰地传达了研究结果和其背后的重要观察。
1.主语是 "a new Stanford study"(一项新的斯坦福大学研究)。
2.谓语是 "has found"(发现),表明这项研究的发现或结论。
3.宾语:宾语部分描述了这项研究的发现:"Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area"(尽管它们对于检测某一地区物种数量和多样性的变化很有用):说明了这种记录方法的用途和优势。"this type of record is not perfect"(这种记录方式并非完美):总结了研究发现的关键点,即尽管有用,但这种记录方式存在不完善之处。
4.句子使用了逗号来分隔并引出一个从句,强调了尽管有用的一方面,但也指出了这种方法的局限性。斯坦福大学的研究表明了这种记录方法的双重面向,即其优势和不足。
2. These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?
【分析】
这个句子表达了说话者对观察数据在科学研究中角色和可靠性的疑问。通过描述观察数据与实体标本数据的对比以及它们在全球变化研究中的使用趋势,句子清晰地传达了说话者的思考和问题。
1.主语是 "I"(我)。
2.谓语是 "wanted to know"(想要知道),表明说话者的意图或动作。
3.宾语:宾语部分包含了复杂的推断和背景信息:"These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)"(这些观察现在比起来自实体标本的主要数据更多):说明了观察数据现在数量上超过了来自实体标本的主要数据。"since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change"(因为我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何响应全球变化):说明了使用观察数据的趋势和目的,即研究物种对全球变化的反应。"I wanted to know: Are they usable?"(我想知道:它们是否可用?):表达了说话者的疑问和关注,即关于观察数据是否可靠和实用的问题。
4.句子通过逗号来分隔不同的推断和问题,清晰地展示了说话者的思考过程和疑问。强调了观察数据在科学研究中的重要性和可用性的疑问,特别是在全球变化研究中的应用。
3. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【分析】
这个句子说明了为什么通过移动设备获取观察性生物多样性数据是合理的。通过介绍公民科学家如何记录他们在附近地区与物种的邂逅,句子清晰地传达了这种数据收集方式的普及和背后的逻辑。
1.主语是 "This"(这)。
2.谓语是 "makes sense"(是有道理的),表明这种情况是合理的或理所当然的。
3.宾语:宾语部分解释了为什么这是有道理的:"because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices"(因为那些通过移动设备获取观察性生物多样性数据的人们):说明了情况的背景和原因。"are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby"(通常是公民科学家记录他们在附近地区与物种的邂逅):进一步解释了这些人的身份和行为,即他们是在附近地区记录物种的公民科学家。
4.句子使用了因果连接词 "because" 来引导原因。描述了公民科学家如何通过移动设备收集生物多样性数据,强调了这种做法的普遍性和重要性。
【打靶提升训练】
一、单词拼写
1.It is believed that many plant species are t with extinction. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】threatened/hreatened
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:人们相信许多植物物种正面临灭绝的威胁。根据句中“with extinction”可推知,物种受到“威胁”,结合首字母提示,用动词threaten,与主语plant species之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式threatened与助动词are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填threatened。
2.A variety of (物种) are endangered by human activities. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】species
【详解】考查名词。句意:许多物种因人类活动而濒临灭绝。“物种”是species,是单复数同形的词,故填species。
3.They observed the exact (位置) of the battle and found enough evidence. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】location
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们观察到了战斗的确切地点,找到了足够的证据。根据汉语提示“位置”可知应填名词location,可数名词,根据句意用单数,作宾语。故填location。
4.When Jane was at university, she often assisted the (图书管理员) in arranging books. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】librarians
【详解】考查名词。句意:当Jane上大学时,她经常帮助图书管理员整理书籍。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用名词librarian,由句意可知,数量大于一,应用名词复数形式。故填librarians。
5.I feel (荣幸) to represent my class to deliver a speech here. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】honored
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我很荣幸能代表我的班级在这里发表演讲。根据汉语提示可知,honored荣幸的,形容词作表语,符合题意。故填honored。
6.Distance tests a horse’s (力量) time reveals a person’s character. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】strength
【详解】考查名词。句意:路遥知马力日久见人心。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处应用名词strength,作宾语,不可数。故填strength。
7.Information provided by traditional mass media features (准确;精准性) and credibility (可靠性). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统大众媒体提供的信息具有准确性和可信度的特点。根据汉语提示“准确;精准性”,空处填名词accuracy,不可数名词,和credibility并列作宾语。故填accuracy。
8.Russia confirmed a successful missile test on Tuesday that hit and d (摧毁) an old satellite. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】destroyed/estroyed
【详解】考查动词。句意:俄罗斯证实周二的导弹试验成功击中并摧毁了一颗旧卫星。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,destroy摧毁,动词作谓语,符合题意;此处and连接两个并列的谓语,由空前hit可知,空处动词需用一般过去时。故填destroyed。
二、语法填空
9.A lot of animals were in danger of (extinct) at the time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】extinction
【详解】考查名词。句意:当时许多动物都有灭绝的危险。在介词of后应用不可数名词extinction表示“灭绝”作宾语。故填extinction。
10. (variety) Chinese apps have been springing up on the western internet, placing the local government in panic.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Various
【详解】考查形容词。句意:西方互联网上出现了各种各样的中国应用程序,这让当地政府陷入了恐慌。根据句意及英文提示可知,此处使用形容词various“各种各样的”,作定语,修饰Chinese apps,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Various。
11.Biologists (observe) a significant increase in bird species diversity after reforestation efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】observed
【详解】考查时态。句意:生物学家观察到,在重新造林之后,鸟类物种多样性显著增加。空格处是谓语,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填observed。
12.To be frank, without my English teacher’s encouragement and (assist), I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English learning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】assistance
【详解】考查名词。句意:坦率地说,如果没有我的英语老师的鼓励和帮助,我的英语学习就不会有这么大的进步。名词所有格teacher’s后应用名词assistance(不可数)作介词without的宾语。故填assistance。
13.The exhibition From Rembrandt to Vermeer is quite (represent) of The Dutch Golden Age of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】representative
【详解】考查形容词。句意:“从伦勃朗到维米尔”展览是荷兰艺术黄金时代的典型代表。提示词作表语,表明主语The exhibition的性质,用形容词representative,意为“典型的,有代表性的”;be representative of...“是……的代表”。故填representative。
14.Through his whole life, Charles Dickens created a sea of literary works, (reveal) a wide range of social issues in Great Britain in the 19th century. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】revealing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:查尔斯·狄更斯一生创作了大量的文学作品,揭示了19世纪英国广泛的社会问题。本句谓语为created,此处为非谓语动词,且a sea of literary works与reveal“揭示”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填revealing。
15.There are many reports (feature) heroes who are devoted to common people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有许多关于英雄献身于平民的报道。句中谓语是are,空格处用非谓语动词,reports和feature之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故填featuring。
16.Researchers have the theory (confirm) by making experiments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】confirmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员通过实验证实了这一理论。空处应用非谓语动词作宾补,confirm和宾语theory之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填confirmed。
三、完成句子
17.这提醒我们, 我们人类有可能在某一天灭绝。
This extinct one day.
【答案】reminds us that we human beings are likely to be
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“提醒某人……”应用remind sb. that…;表示“我们人类”短语为we human beings;表示“有可能”短语为be likely to do sth.,为一般现在时。故填reminds us that we human beings are likely to be。
18.黄石公园以它野生生物的多样性而著名。
Yellowstone the variety of its wildlife.
【答案】 is famous/ known for
【详解】考查固定短语。结合中英文提示可知,此处考查短语be famous/known for因……而闻名,此处讲述一般情况的事实,故用一般现在时,故填is, famous/known, for。
19.来自这个国家的代表都被列为会议的观察员。
Representatives from the country observers at the conference.
【答案】 were included as
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。结合句意,可知句子陈述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,缺少“被列为”,用短语“be included as”符合题意,主语是“Representatives from the country”,复数形式,系动词be用were。故填 were;included;as。
20.尽管很虚弱,珍妮挣扎着站起来,继续寻求帮助。(形容词开头)
, Jenny struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.
【答案】Weak as she was
【详解】考查倒装句。根据中英文提示可知,需要翻译的部分是“尽管很虚弱”,表示“她”应用she;表示“是”应用be,结合“struggled”可知,使用一般过去时,主语为she,be动词用was;表示“虚弱的”应用weak;表示“尽管”应用as,引导让步状语从句,使用部分倒装,将表语weak置于句首。故填Weak as she was。
21.他说计划是安全的,但并不是那回事。
He represented the plan , but it was not.
【答案】 as safe
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“把……描绘成”短语为represent sth. as,后跟形容词safe。故填as safe。
22.三部分组成的宏伟画卷展现了那个时期的北宋已处于衰败之中。
Consisting of three main sections, the ambitious scroll reveals that the Northern Song Dynasty was actually by this stage.
【答案】 in decline
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意,空处表示“处于衰败之中”,应用介词短语in decline,用于系动词was之后,在that引导的宾语从句中作表语。故填in decline。
23.这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。
These features Li Bai’s wide use of exaggeration, metaphor and other artistic techniques.
【答案】 are inseparable from
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“离不开”可知短语为be inseparable from,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为These features,谓语用复数。故填are inseparable from。
24.他们证实了生产成本已经降低。
They confirmed that production costs .
【答案】had been reduced
【详解】考查时态和语态。根据汉语提示,“生产成本已经被降低”应使用被动语态,“降低”为reduce,它发生在confirmed之前,则 reduce使用过去完成时的被动语态,故填had been reduced。
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