精品解析：山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

2023—2024学年度第二学期期末教学质量抽测 高二英语试题 本试卷分四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which film does Mike prefer? A. The horror film. B. The science fiction film. C. The historical film. 2. What is probably Chris? A. A cook. B. A journalist. C. A teacher. 3. Why does the man call the woman? A. To make an apology. B. To ask her to collect children. C. To complain about the delayed train. 4. What is Tom doing? A. Tidying summer homework. B. Preparing for final tests. C. Writing his assignment. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A heavy smoker. B. A new building. C. A terrible fire. 第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第 6、7题。 6. What are the speakers quarrelling over? A. Whether to raise a pet rabbit. B. Which souvenir to choose. C. How to spend money on travelling. 7. What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Colleagues. 听第7段材料，回答第 8至 10题。 8. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. To have the shower turned off. B. To have the toilet cleaned. C. To get the room checked. 9. What's the woman's attitude towards the explanation? A. Supportive. B. Dissatisfied. C. Uncaring. 10. Why is it so hot in the room? A. Air conditioning fails to work well. B. Power has been shut off. C. The room is too small. 听第8段材料,回答第 11 至 13题。 11. Where does the conversation take place? A. On the street. B. In the office. C. On the phone. 12. Why will Mrs. White be late? A. She had an accident. B. She is stuck in traffic. C. She lost her way. 13. When will Mrs. White arrive? A. At about 10:30 am. B. At about 11:00 am. C. At about 11:30 am. 听第9段材料，回答第14 至 17题。 14. What's wrong with the man? A. He has a heart ache. B. He has a chest pain. C. He has a running nose. 15. When did the symptoms begin? A. Three days ago. B. This morning. C. Last week. 16. What does the woman arrange for the man? A. An online consultation. B. An urgent operation. C. A medical test. 17. What did the man plan to do tonight? A. Have a big meal. B. Order a ticket. C. Book a restaurant. 听第10段材料,回答第18 至 20题。 18. What is the speaker introducing? A. A workbook. B. An experiment. C. An activity. 19. What are the listeners supposed to do first? A. Start the experiment themselves. B. Choose experiments and activities. C. Read Chapter One of the workbook. 20. How should the listeners finish the “Activities” section? A. In their own way. B. With the teacher's help. C. By following instructions. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题;每小题2.5分,满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A About Salon What we do Salon has driven the national conversation since 1995 through fearless journalism distributed across Salon.com, Salon TV, social media, news platforms, email newsletters and mobile apps. We provide thorough analysis and lead in-depth conversations; we entertainment our readers, challenge conventional wisdom and celebrate innovation with humanity. Salon’s award-winning content, including our flagship show “Salon Talks”, reaches an audience of about 10 million monthly unique visitors. Become a member! Benefits: Completely ad-free; Access to members-only newsletters; Bookmark articles and recipes; Night-vision mode. $9.95 PER MONTH $95 PER YEAR (Subscribe) (Subscribe) Contact Media Inquiries Members of the press and bookers: If you’d like to speak to a representative of Salon for an article or book a media appearance, please email us at press@salon. com. ◇ Editorial Contacts and Submissions See our Submissions page to contact our editors with writer pitches (作家推介) and story submissions. For general editorial feedback, contact Erin Keane, Chief ContentOfficer, at ekeane@salon.com. ◇Corrections Salon aims to publish accurate information at all times. If you think Salon has published something in error, please email us at readermail@salon.com. ◇ Sharing and Syndication Newspapers, magazines, websites, book publishers and broadcast media should email us at syndication@salon.com. Requests must include the article, title, writer’s name and your intended use. Salon’s progressive, independent journalism grows with your support We need your support to stay independent — from the impacts of algorithms (算法) and ad markets, and from the handful of big media companies and billionaires that now own most U. S. media outlets. With more members, we can pursue the reporting and analysis that you need most. 1. What can we know about Salon? A. It has a history of over three decades. B. It mainly focuses on entertainment content. C. It is an outstanding digital media channel. D. It provides members-only newsletters for regular visitors. 2. What address will be used if a third party wants to share Salon’s article? A. press@salon.com. B. ekeane@salon.com. C. readermail@salon.com. D. syndication@salon.com. 3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To introduce Salon’s recent progress. B. To encourage more user subscriptions. C. To info rm readers of Salon’s operation. D. To promote a new editorial team at Salon. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了数字媒体Salon的一些信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Salon has driven the national conversation since 1995 through fearless journalism distributed across Salon.com, Salon TV, social media, news platforms, email newsletters and mobile apps.(自1995年以来，沙龙通过在Salon.com、沙龙电视、社交媒体、新闻平台、电子邮件通讯和移动应用程序上发布无畏的新闻，推动了全国对话)”可知，Salon是一个杰出的数字媒体渠道。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据◇ Sharing and Syndication部分中“Newspapers, magazines, websites, book publishers and broadcast media should email us at syndication@salon.com.(报纸、杂志、网站、图书出版商和广播媒体请发电子邮件至syndication@salon.com)”可知，如果第三方想要分享Salon的文章，将使用地址是syndication@salon.com。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need your support to stay independent — from the impacts of algorithms (算法) and ad markets, and from the handful of big media companies and billionaires that now own most U. S. media outlets. With more members, we can pursue the reporting and analysis that you need most.(我们需要你们支持来保持独立——不受算法和广告市场的影响，不受少数拥有美国大多数媒体的大型媒体公司和亿万富翁的影响。有了更多的会员，我们可以继续进行您最需要的报告和分析)”可知，文章最后一部分的目的是鼓励更多的用户订阅。故选B。 B Katalin Kariku along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology. Kariku was born in January 1955, in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However, Kariku faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country, and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country. After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide, Kariku accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Kariku and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one-way ticket to the U. S., where they knew no one. She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Dre w Weissman who was also interested in mRNA. They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. 4. What can we learn about Kariku from paragraph 2? A. She had a tolerant mind. B. She longed to be a doctor. C. She was fond of world tours. D. She had a clear sense of purpose. 5. What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Not discouraged by. B. Being unaware of. C. Not motivated by. D. Being ashamed of. 6. What is probably the main contribution of Kariku? A. Simplifying the mRNA technology. B. Making the structure of mRNA clear. C. Developing a vaccine for a serious disease. D. Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. 7. What lesson can we learn from Kariku’s success? A. Nothing seek, nothing find. B. Two heads are better than one. C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. D. Necessity is the mother of invention. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家Katalin Kariku的个人经历以及对梦想不懈追求，最终取得成功。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients.(她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对信使RNA感兴趣，它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助治愈病人成为了她的使命)”可知，卡里库有明确的目标感。故选D。 5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections.(她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到基金拒绝)”以及后文“the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research”可知，她一再被基金拒绝，但是没有因为问题和挑战而气馁，选择继续她的研究。故划线词意思是“不气馁”。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively.(他们合作研究mRNA，并发表了多年关于这一突破性发现的论文。然后，大流行袭击了世界。Kariku和Weissman发明的改变后的mRNA技术随后被用于有效预防感染的疫苗)”可知，卡里库的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定基础。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis.(卡里库的一生证明了找到自己的激情，然后每一天都在追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生活中，我们并不善于自我激励)”可知，卡里库的成功告诉我们有志者，事竟成。故选C。 C AI systems can now learn and use human language, but they learn from astronomical amounts of language input—much more than children receive when learning how to understand and speak a language. The best AI systems are trained on text datasets containing trillions of words, whereas children receive just millions per year. But a recent study suggests AI systems can acquire some language with a small set of clues. Researchers took advantage of an existing library of camera footage that captured one baby’s experience. The baby named Sam wore a headcam (头戴式设备) for 61 hours between the ages of six months and 25 months. The headcam recorded video and audio while Sam took part in activities including playing, eating and reading. The researchers fed their AI model individual video images and a written text of what people were saying at that time. They wondered what the model would learn and whether it could provide insights into the language acquisition process in children. Across multiple tests, the AI model correctly matched words with images 62 percent of the time. The AI was also able to match words it had learned with representative images that it had never seen before, such as a common image of an apple, about 35 percent of the time. Words including “car” and “sand” were frequently recognized by the AI, but it struggled with objects that might have more variations, such as “room”. “The findings demonstrate how some aspects of word meaning are learnable by association. However, the study didn’t prove how children actually acquire words,” Joshua Tenenbaum, a scientist who was not involved in the research, says. “The study also focused just on the names of objects—it didn’t show that the AI could learn about verbs, structures and other aspects of language through the recordings,” another scientist adds. With future research, similar studies of learning could pull back the curtain on the mysterious process of language acquisition. 8. What phenomenon about AI systems and children is mainly described in paragraph 1? A. The data gap in language acquisition. B. Sharp distinctions in language learning ability. C. The difficulty of processing large numbers of words. D. Inaccessibility of certain datasets on language learning. 9. How does the AI model learn language in the study? A. By reading and playing with Sam for 61 hours. B. By communicating with Sam for several months. C. By analyzing a large number of words spoken by Sam. D. By engaging in Sam’s daily experiences through recordings. 10. Which of the following words might the AI model most probably struggle to match? A. Bottle. B. Banana. C. Toy. D. Car. 11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The limitations of the study. B. Different aspects of language. C. Improvements of the AI model. D. The directions for further study. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能系统通常需要大量语言数据学习，但新研究表明它们也能通过少量线索学习语言。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“AI systems can now learn and use human language, but they learn from astronomical amounts of language input—much more than children receive when learning how to understand and speak a language. The best AI systems are trained on text datasets containing trillions of words, whereas children receive just millions per year. (人工智能系统现在可以学习和使用人类语言，但它们从大量的语言输入中学习——远远超过儿童在学习如何理解和说一门语言时所接受的语言输入。最好的人工智能系统是在包含数万亿单词的文本数据集上进行训练的，而儿童每年只接受数百万个单词的训练)”可知，人工智能系统和儿童学习语言时获得的输入量存在很大的悬殊，本段主要描述了两者在语言习得方面的数据差距。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The baby named Sam wore a headcam (头戴式设备) for 61 hours between the ages of six months and 25 months. The headcam recorded video and audio while Sam took part in activities including playing, eating and reading. The researchers fed their AI model individual video images and a written text of what people were saying at that time. (这个名叫Sam的婴儿在6个月到25个月大的时候戴了61个小时的头戴式设备。当Sam参加包括玩耍、吃饭和阅读在内的活动时，头戴式设备录下了视频和音频。研究人员为他们的人工智能模型提供了个人视频图像和当时人们所说的话的书面文本)”可知，在这项研究中，人工智能模型通过录像参与Sam的日常经历来学习语言。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The AI was also able to match words it had learned with representative images that it had never seen before, such as a common image of an apple, about 35 percent of the time. Words including “car” and “sand” were frequently recognized by the AI, but it struggled with objects that might have more variations, such as “room”. (人工智能还能够将它学过的单词与它以前从未见过的代表性图像进行匹配，比如一个常见的苹果图像，准确率约为35%。包括“汽车”和“沙”在内的单词经常被人工智能识别，但它很难识别可能有更多变化的对象，如“房间”)”可知，人工智能相对能够轻松识别具有代表性图像的单词，如苹果、汽车和沙，但在识别有更多变化的对象上有困难。结合选项可知，玩具会有不同的形态，有很多变化，不易被人工智能识别。故选C项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中两个科学家所说的话“The findings demonstrate how some aspects of word meaning are learnable by association. However, the study didn’t prove how children actually acquire words (研究结果表明，单词含义的某些方面是如何通过联想来学习的。然而，这项研究并没有证明儿童实际上是如何习得词汇)”和“The study also focused just on the names of objects—it didn’t show that the AI could learn about verbs, structures and other aspects of language through the recordings (这项研究也只关注物体的名称，并没有表明人工智能可以通过录像学习动词、结构和语言的其他方面)”可知，本段主要探讨了这项研究的局限性。故选A项。 D Just like any other living thing, plants can get stressed. Usually, it’s conditions like heat and drought that lead to this stress, and when they’re stressed, plants might not grow as large or produce as much. Many scientists have tried genetically changing plants. But plants changed for higher crop output tend to have a lower stress tolerance because they put more energy into growth than into protection against stresses. Similarly, improving the ability of plants to survive stress often results in plants that produce less because they put more energy into protection than into growth. Our lab instead focuses on how plants and bacteria sense ethylene (乙烯) and how it interacts with other chemicals to regulate plant development. For this experiment, we exposed the seeds to ethylene gas for several days in the dark to see what effect this might have. After gathering data on these seedlings (young plants), we transferred them to a place with much light. Several days later, some lab members unexpectedly observed that the plants briefly treated with ethylene had larger leaves as well as stronger root systems than plants that had not been exposed to ethylene. These plants continued growing at a faster rate throughout their whole lifetime. But what made our observation even more pleasing is that the brief ethylene treatment also increased tolerance to various stresses such as high temperature and low oxygen conditions. Long-term effects on growth and stress tolerance from brief exposure to a stimulus (刺激物) are often called priming effects (启动效应). So what’s the underlying logic? What we’ve found is that ethylene increases photosynthesis(a process by which plants gain chemical energy from inorganic matters). Part of photosynthesis includes what is called carbon fixation, where plants pull carbon from the atmosphere and use the CO₂ as building blocks to make sugars to fuel their activities. Understanding this is more important than ever and could help improve crop production to feed the world’s population. 12. What is the challenge faced by scientists behind genetically changed plants? A. Guaranteeing a healthy environment for the plants. B. Balancing plants’ productivity and stress resistance. C. Raising survival rates of genetically changed plants. D. Identifying stress factors affecting genetically changed plants. 13. What serves as a stimulus in the author’s experiment? A. Ethylene. B. Bacteria. C. Darkness. D. Sunlight. 14. What is the role of carbon fixation in photosynthesis? A. It changes sugars into CO₂. B. It makes plants absorb much sunlight. C. It helps plants generate energy from CO₂. D. It enhances the process of ethylene priming. 15. Which of following is the best title for the text? A. Why do Some Plants Have a Higher Stress Level? B. Employing a Chemical Early on May Help Feed the World C. How do Priming Effects Increase Photosynthesis in Plants? D Exposure to Ethylene is a Good Way to Protect Plants 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了转基因植物背后的科学家面临的挑战是平衡植物的生产力和抗逆性，于是作者的实验室通过实验发现短期接触刺激物可以让植物生长和压力耐受性增加，可以帮助提高作物产量，养活世界人口。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But plants changed for higher crop output tend to have a lower stress tolerance because they put more energy into growth than into protection against stresses. Similarly, improving the ability of plants to survive stress often results in plants that produce less because they put more energy into protection than into growth.(但是，为了提高作物产量而改变的植物往往具有较低的抗逆性，因为它们将更多的能量用于生长而不是用于抵御压力。同样，提高植物在逆境中的生存能力往往会导致植物产量减少，因为它们将更多的能量用于保护而不是生长)”可知，转基因植物背后的科学家面临的挑战是平衡植物的生产力和抗逆性。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“But what made our observation even more pleasing is that the brief ethylene treatment also increased tolerance to various stresses such as high temperature and low oxygen conditions. Long-term effects on growth and stress tolerance from brief exposure to a stimulus (刺激物) are often called priming effects (启动效应).(但更让我们高兴是，短暂的乙烯处理也增加了对各种应力的耐受性，如高温和低氧条件。短期暴露于刺激对生长和压力耐受性的长期影响通常被称为启动效应)”可知，在作者的实验中，乙烯是刺激因素。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Part of photosynthesis includes what is called carbon fixation, where plants pull carbon from the atmosphere and use the CO₂ as building blocks to make sugars to fuel their activities.(光合作用的一部分包括所谓的碳固定，植物从大气中吸收碳，并利用二氧化碳作为构建块来制造糖来为它们的活动提供燃料)”可知，固碳在光合作用中的作用是帮助植物从二氧化碳中产生能量。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Understanding this is more important than ever and could help improve crop production to feed the world’s population.(了解这一点比以往任何时候都更加重要，可以帮助提高作物产量，养活世界人口)”结合文章主要说明了转基因植物背后的科学家面临的挑战是平衡植物的生产力和抗逆性，于是作者的实验室通过实验发现短期接触刺激物可以让植物生长和压力耐受性增加，可以帮助提高作物产量，养活世界人口。可知，B选项“尽早使用化学物质可能有助于养活世界”最符合文章标题。故选B。 第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分 12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How do you respond when someone else sets a boundary? You might hear the word “boundaries” and imagine walls that separate you from other people. In a sense, that’s true. But boundaries aren’t necessarily a bad thing. In fact, they’re an important ingredient in healthy and balanced relationships. ___16___ You’re not the only one who can set boundaries. ___17___ Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or “put in your place”. You may notice some negative emotions rushing to the surface as you try to immediately defend your actions. Keep in mind that you are not losing anything but gaining knowledge of what makes the person in your life feel safe and happy. ___18___ If you’re feeling upset, deep, slow breathing can calm your nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. This makes it easier for you to receive information rather than prepare for an argument. Remember that you both have your own way of processing and feeling emotions. Try not to assume what your partner needs before they say it out loud. ___19___ Apologize when necessary. You’re only human, and we all make mistakes. Maybe you accidentally overstepped a boundary by making an offensive joke or oversharing when you’ve been asked not to. ___20___ Ask for clarity if you feel you need it. By learning to accept and acknowledge other people’s boundaries, you can start to think about how you can improve your own connections with others. Ultimately, effective boundaries can leave you both feeling empowered and result in a healthier, more satisfying relationship. A. Take time to breathe and listen. B. When someone voices a restriction, you might feel a sense of shame or frustration. C. Allow them space to voice their needs and wants. D. When someone reaffirms the boundary, be humble enough to apologize for your mistake. E. You’ll need to adjust it as circumstances change and relationships grow. F. They’re also a crucial part of maintaining mental health and physical well-being. G. Learning how to set and maintain boundaries can change many aspects of your life. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了界限的重要性以及如何应对他人的界限。 【16题详解】 根据上文“How do you respond when someone else sets a boundary? You might hear the word “boundaries” and imagine walls that separate you from other people. In a sense, that’s true. But boundaries aren’t necessarily a bad thing. In fact, they’re an important ingredient in healthy and balanced relationships.(当别人设定界限时，你如何回应？你可能会听到“界限”这个词，想象把你和其他人分开的墙。从某种意义上说，这是对的。但界限并不一定是坏事。事实上，它们是健康和平衡关系的重要组成部分)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故对上文进行补充说明，继续解释界限的重要意义。故F选项“它们也是保持身心健康的重要组成部分”符合语境，故选F。 【17题详解】 根据上文“You’re not the only one who can set boundaries.(你不是唯一一个可以设定界限的人)”以及后文“Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or “put in your place”.(也许你觉得自己被责骂了，或者“被置于你的位置上”)”可知，后文提到觉得自己被责骂了，推测本句是在说明对于界限的负面感受。故B选项“当有人提出限制时，你可能会感到羞耻或沮丧”符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据后文“If you’re feeling upset, deep, slow breathing can calm your nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. This makes it easier for you to receive information rather than prepare for an argument.(如果你感到不安，深呼吸，缓慢的呼吸可以平息你的神经系统的“战斗或逃跑”反应。这让你更容易接受信息，而不是准备争论)”可知，后文提到了深呼吸以及接受信息，A选项中breathe对应后文deep, slow breathing。故A选项“花点时间深呼吸和倾听”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Remember that you both have your own way of processing and feeling emotions. Try not to assume what your partner needs before they say it out loud.(记住你们都有自己处理和感受情绪的方式。在你的伴侣大声说出来之前，尽量不要去猜测他们需要什么)”可知，上文提到不要去猜测伴侣需要什么，说明建议让对方自我表达需求，故C选项“给他们表达需求的空间”符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Apologize when necessary. You’re only human, and we all make mistakes. Maybe you accidentally overstepped a boundary by making an offensive joke or oversharing when you’ve been asked not to.(必要时道歉。你只是凡人，我们都会犯错。也许你不小心越过了界限，开了一个无礼的玩笑，或者在别人要求你不要的情况下过度分享)”以及后文“Ask for clarity if you feel you need it.(如果你觉得有必要，就问清楚)”可知，上文提到了不小心越界，推测本句是在说明越界时的应对方法。故D选项“当有人重申界限时，要谦虚地为你的错误道歉”符合语境，故选D。 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The last thing Matthews remembered before waking up in the hospital was riding along a quiet street. It was late last September and Matthews was ____21____ for the Ironman World Championship, due to take place in Hawaii 10 days later. “In fact, this particular street was my favourite, but that sounds ___22___ now,” the 31-year-old said. Her teammates had to ___23___ her on what had happened. “Initially, you just got up straight away and started moving around, ___24___ us that you were fine to go on,” one teammate recalled. “I don’t ___25___ any of that,” Matthews smiled. “You’d actually ___26___ the car so perfectly that it broke the thickest bone above your neck,” the teammate continued. Many people would think twice about their choice of ___27___ after a disastrous episode like that. But Matthews is clearly not the ___28___ person. After just a few days in hospital, she insisted on ___29___ and flew to Hawaii anyway. Matthews ___30___ her fellow athlete who beat other competitors and claimed the gold, and dreamt it might be her obtaining the ___31___ soon. Despite some issues Matthews is ____32____ awaiting the coming intensive winter training. She makes it sound as if she is recovering from a(n) ___33___ wound. In fact, what she is attempting — her ___34___ is being made into a documentary by the Professional Triathletes Organization — impresses a large audience. Any bystander may think the ___35___ is enough for her to back off for a long time! But Matthews smiles, “I’m just going to keep doing what I’m doing.” 21. A. shopping B. travelling C. volunteering D. training 22. A. reasonable B. tolerable C. laughable D. serious 23. A. consult B. congratulate C. update D. evaluate 24. A. reminding B. convincing C. cautioning D. recommending 25. A. acknowledge B. believe C. mind D. remember 26. A. ruined B. hit C. driven D. maintained 27. A. careers B. teammates C. hospitals D. competitors 28. A. average B. exceptional C. selfish D. disciplined 29. A. canceling out B. pulling together C. checking out D. getting across 30. A. comforted B. cheered C. replaced D. instructed 31. A. approval B. support C. appointment D. title 32. A. initially B. gratefully C. eagerly D. fortunately 33. A. insignificant B. sensitive C. severe D. unidentifiable 34. A. breakdown B. comeback C. withdrawal D. injury 35. A. recovery B. news C. failure D. incident 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马修斯在发生车祸以后，没过几天就坚持出院，飞到了夏威夷为她的同伴们击败其他竞争者夺得金牌而欢呼，并梦想着她可能很快就会获得冠军。车祸丝毫没有影响到她。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是去年9月底，马修斯正在为10天后在夏威夷举行的世界铁人锦标赛进行训练。A. shopping购物；B. travelling旅行；C. volunteering志愿做；D. training训练。根据后文“for the Ironman World Championship”可知，马修斯在为比赛进行训练。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位31岁的人说:“事实上，这条街是我最喜欢的，但现在听起来很可笑。”A. reasonable合理的；B. tolerable容忍的；C. laughable有趣的；D. serious严肃的。根据上文“The last thing Matthews remembered before waking up in the hospital was riding along a quiet street.(马修斯在医院醒来前记得的最后一件事是沿着一条安静的街道骑行)”可知，马修斯在自己最喜欢的街道上骑行，醒来后在医院里，所以她认为听起来有点可笑。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的队友不得不把发生的事情告诉她。A. consult咨询；B. congratulate祝贺；C. update向……提供最新信息，更新；D. evaluate评估。根据后文“her on what had happened”指她的队友不得不把发生的事情告诉她。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“一开始，你只是直接站起来，开始四处走动，让我们相信你可以继续下去，”一名队友回忆说。A. reminding提醒；B. convincing说服；C. cautioning警告；D. recommending推荐。根据后文“us that you were fine to go on”可知，马修斯的行为让队友相信她可以继续下去。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我什么都不记得了，”马修斯笑着说。A. acknowledge承认；B. believe相信；C. mind介意；D. remember记得。根据上文“The last thing Matthews remembered before waking up in the hospital was riding along a quiet street.(马修斯在医院醒来前记得的最后一件事是沿着一条安静的街道骑行)”可知她什么都不记得了。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“实际上，你的车撞得如此完美，以至于撞断了你脖子上最厚的骨头，”队友继续说道。A. ruined毁灭；B. hit打击；C. driven驾驶；D. maintained维持。根据后文“it broke the thickest bone above your neck”可知，她撞上了车，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经历了这样一场灾难性的事件后，许多人会重新考虑自己的职业选择。A. careers事业；B. teammates队友；C. hospitals医院；D. competitors对手。根据上文“for the Ironman World Championship, due to take place in Hawaii 10 days later.”以及后文她去参加了比赛，可知此处指重新考虑自己的职业选择。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但马修斯显然不是一般人。A. average一般的，平均的；B. exceptional出色的；C. selfish自私的；D. disciplined训练有素的。根据后文“After just a few days in hospital, she insisted on”可知，在医院住了几天后，她坚持要出院，还是飞到了夏威夷，说明她不是一般人。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在医院住了几天后，她坚持要出院，还是飞到了夏威夷。A. canceling out取消；B. pulling together齐心协力；C. checking out出院；D. getting across理解。根据后文“and flew to Hawaii anyway”指她坚持出院，应用check out。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马修斯为她的同伴们击败其他竞争者夺得金牌而欢呼，并梦想着她可能很快就会获得冠军。A. comforted安慰；B. cheered欢呼；C. replaced代替；D. instructed指导。根据后文“her fellow athlete who beat other competitors”可知，马修斯为她的同伴们击败其他竞争者夺得金牌而欢呼，故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马修斯为她的同伴们击败其他竞争者夺得金牌而欢呼，并梦想着她可能很快就会获得冠军。A. approval赞成；B. support支持；C. appointment约会；D. title头衔。根据上文“for the Ironman World Championship”此处指获得冠军，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管有一些问题，马修斯还是热切地等待着即将到来的高强度冬训。A. initially首先；B. gratefully感谢地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据后文“awaiting the coming intensive winter training”可知，马修斯热切地等待着即将到来的高强度冬训，Despite表示让步关系，故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说得好像她正在从一个无关紧要的伤口中恢复过来。A. insignificant不重要的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. severe严重的；D. unidentifiable无法辨认的。根据上文“After just a few days in hospital, she insisted on”可知，她把这一次受伤看做是无关紧要的，并没有影响她的职业。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她正在尝试的——她的复出——被专业铁人三项运动员组织拍成了纪录片——给很多观众留下了深刻的印象。A. breakdown故障；B. comeback复出；C. withdrawal收回；D. injury受伤。根据上文“awaiting the coming intensive winter training”以及她出院可知，此处指她的复出。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何旁观者都可能认为这件事足以让她退缩很长一段时间!A. recovery恢复；B. news新闻；C. failure失败；D. incident事件。根据上文“after a disastrous episode like that”指她受伤这件事。故选D。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 根据提示完成句子，在答题卡相应位置填入一个适当的完整单词，注意所填单词的形式。 36. A group of 80 soldiers l_____________ (发起) an all-out attack just before dawn. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】launched##aunched 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一群80名士兵在黎明前发动了全面进攻。根据中文以及首字母提示可知应用动词launch，在句中作谓语，根据just before dawn以及句意可知此句讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填launched。 37. In remote regions, the air is p____________ (洁净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】pure##ure 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在偏远地区，空气纯净，农作物没有有毒的杀虫剂。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词pure，作表语。故填pure。 38. The exercises are designed to s____________ (加强) your stomach muscles. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】strengthen##trengthen 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些练习是为了增强你的腹部肌肉。根据中英文提示可知应用动词strengthen，且上文为短语be designed to do sth.，设空处填动词原形与to构成不定式。故填strengthen。 39. In 2018, her entire life s_____________(积蓄) were donated to her home town in Mulan County. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】savings##avings 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：2018年，她把毕生积蓄捐给了木兰县家乡。根据中文、首字母提示、以及空后were可知应用名词savings，作主语。故填savings。 40. He was the innocent v_____________(受害者) of a very violent murder. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】victim##ictim 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一起暴力谋杀案的无辜受害者。根据中英文提示可知应用名词victim，作表语，此处为特指用单数。故填victim。 第三节(共 10小题;每小题1.5分,满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blue-and-white porcelain is probably a good example of the global market in the ancient world. This Chinese ceramic (陶瓷的) variety ___41___ (gain) a global reputation during the Yuan Dynasty and over the following centuries, became one of the country’s signature ___42___ (product) on the flourishing Maritime Silk Road. As one of the typical varieties from China, blue-and-white porcelain is famous for its delicate underglaze patterns. ___43___ (interesting), its origin and evolution owe much to foreign influences in materials and techniques. The blue-and-white style flourished during the 13th to 14th centuries. In its early stages, it relied on ___44___ (import) cobalt (钴) paint known as “Samarra Blue” ___45___ “Sumatra Blue”, which contained a higher percentage of iron dioxide, ___46___ (result) in the distinct blue hue. Over time, Chinese artisans sought local mines and successfully formulated native pigments (颜料). They experimented by blending local and imported raw materials ___47___ (create) pigments that not only were in line ___48___ but also shaped aesthetic preferences at the time. With ___49___ craftsmanship and techniques advanced, blue-and-white porcelain produced during the Kangxi era (1662—1722) of the Qing Dynasty exhibited remarkable variations in tone, ____50____ reminds people of the five hues in traditional Chinese paintings. 【答案】41. gained 42. products 43. Interestingly 44. imported 45. or 46. resulting 47. to create 48. with 49. the 50. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代陶瓷的代表青花瓷，它从元代起在全球享有盛誉，成为海上丝绸之路的标志性产品。其精致图案受外国材料和技术影响，早期使用进口钴涂料，后中国工匠研发本地颜料，混合使用不同材料，塑造了当时的审美偏好。清朝康熙年间，青花瓷工艺进步，色调多变。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这种中国陶瓷品种在元代获得了全球声誉，并在接下来的几个世纪中成为蓬勃发展的海上丝绸之路上的国家标志性产品之一。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“during the Yuan Dynasty”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填gained。 【42题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这种中国陶瓷品种在元代获得了全球声誉，并在接下来的几个世纪中成为蓬勃发展的海上丝绸之路上的国家标志性产品之一。固定结构“one of the+可数名词复数”，意为“……的其中一个”，product应用复数形式。故填products。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：有趣的是，它的起源和演变在很大程度上受到了外国材料和技术的影响。空处修饰整个句子，interesting的副词形式interestingly符合题意，意为“有趣的是”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Interestingly。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在早期阶段，它依赖于进口的钴涂料，即“萨马拉蓝”或“苏门答腊蓝”，这种涂料含有较高比例的二氧化铁，从而产生了独特的蓝色色调。空处是修饰cobalt paint的前置定语，import和cobalt paint逻辑上是被动关系，应用import的过去分词形式。故填imported。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：在早期阶段，它依赖于进口的钴涂料，即“萨马拉蓝”或“苏门答腊蓝”，这种涂料含有较高比例的二氧化铁，从而产生了独特的蓝色色调。空处连接前后两个专有名词“Samarra Blue”和“Sumatra Blue”，两者之间是选择关系，应用表示“或，或者”的并列连词or。故填or。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在早期阶段，它依赖于进口的钴涂料，即“萨马拉蓝”或“苏门答腊蓝”，这种涂料含有较高比例的二氧化铁，从而产生了独特的蓝色色调。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用result的现在分词形式。故填resulting。 【47题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们尝试将当地和进口的原材料混合在一起，创造出不仅符合而且塑造了当时审美偏好的颜料。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用create的不定式形式。故填to create。 【48题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们尝试将当地和进口的原材料混合在一起，创造出不仅符合而且塑造了当时审美偏好的颜料。根据“in line”和“aesthetic preferences”可知，此处应用固定短语in line with表示“符合，与……一致”。故填with。 【49题详解】 考查冠词。句意：随着工艺和技术的进步，清朝康熙年间（1662—1722）生产的青花瓷呈现出惊人的色调变化，这让人想起中国传统绘画中的五色。空处表示特指，指上文提到的工艺和技术，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【50题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：随着工艺和技术的进步，清朝康熙年间（1662—1722）生产的青花瓷呈现出惊人的色调变化，这让人想起中国传统绘画中的五色。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子作补充说明，应用关系代词which作引导词。在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节(满分15分) 51. 假定你是李华，上周六你们班一起去公园进行了汉服(Hanfu outfits)宣传活动。请你给英国朋友 Lucia写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1.活动介绍;2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lucia, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Lucia, To promote Chinese Hanfu culture, our class held an activity in the city park last Saturday. I know you are interested in Hanfu so I am writing to share with you the activity. We all wore Hanfu outfits and took our school bus to the city park in the morning. In the park we demonstrated the etiquette of Hanfu, performed dances of Tang Dynasty, and took photos with passersby. Besides, we showed Hanfu styles of different dynasties as well as the rich culture behind them. With our work, many people got to know more about Hanfu. All of us felt excited and fulfilled at the end of the day. What a pity you were not with us! Attached are some activity photos. I really hope you’ll like them. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。上周六你们班一起去公园进行了汉服(Hanfu outfits)宣传活动。要求考生给英国朋友 Lucia写一封邮件分享这次经历。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→host 展示：show→exhibit 此外：besides→in addition 激动：excited→thrilled 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I know you are interested in Hanfu so I am writing to share with you the activity. 拓展句：Since you are interested in Hanfu, I am writing to share with you the activity. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To promote Chinese Hanfu culture, our class held an activity in the city park last Saturday. (运用了不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] I know you are interested in Hanfu so I am writing to share with you the activity. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第二节(满分20分) 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was seated in a corner of the fourth-grade classroom, feeling lost. My parents had transplanted me from my old village school to this fancy boarding school in Bangalore. With everything strange around me, I missed my hometown and my old friends because there was now no warm home to rush back to after school and no one to share tales with. I couldn’t help thinking of the happy moments I had spent before moving here. I didn’t even know how long it would take to adapt myself to the completely new environment. Or could I? Just then there was a loud cheer from my classmates that pulled me back from my memories. A tall, slim teacher in a shirt and a starched skirt came by, announcing that the math teacher was absent and that we would have a free period. She then suggested we do some activities on our own without making a loud noise. I soon learned that this was Miss Thomas, better known as the Sports Miss. All the girls agreed cheerfully and soon gathered in small groups. Some chatted or giggled while others read books or were seen writing. As a newcomer, I believed it was too early for me to join them. With nothing better to do, I pulled out a sheet of paper, on which I scrawled (潦草地涂鸦) rolling hills, swaying palms, the path that led to my old school, and my teacher with her long hair. While doing this, I sensed a strong feeling of loss, tears welling up in my eyes. I was so absorbed in drawing my old friends one by one that I didn’t even notice Miss Thomas standing by my side. The moment I raised my head to wipe my tears, I saw her there. I nearly died of embarrassment and tried to hide the paper from her. However, she asked me if I’d like to share it with the class. After a few seconds’ thought, I agreed. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Girls, look at this picture,” she announced. “We have a little artist among us! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Many of my classmates then came forward, shook my hands and smiled at me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version : “Girls, look at this picture,”she announced.“ We have a little artist among us !”She asked me to introduce my drawing. Nervously, I held up my drawing and began describing it, my voice filed with hesitation. To my astonishment, as I finished speaking, the entire class erupted into warm applause. Miss Thomas, with a warm smile, wrapped her arms around me in a tight hug and said to my classmates, “Let’s all congratulate our little artist!” Tears welled up in my eyes once again, but this time it was the outpouring of joy from my deep heart. Manyof my classmates then came forward, shook my hands and smiled at me. Some even hugged me tightly, making me quickly integrate into this warm family. At that time, I found the world was far more beautiful than I had imagined. Actually, my art was nothing extraordinary, but Miss Thomas broke the ice and planted unwavering confidence within me. I continued in the same school right up to the 10th grade, always with our Sports Miss as a guide, finishing off as the best student in my class. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者转学到了新学校，感到迷茫和不适应。然而老师却意外注意到了作者的绘画十分出色，并且让全班的学生来看。作者也因此得到了同学的认可，感到十分高兴。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘姑娘们，看看这张画，’她宣布”可知，第一段可描写作者介绍自己的画以及得到祝贺。 ②由第二段首句内容“然后我的许多同学走上前来，和我握手，对我微笑”可知，第二段可描写作者得到了同学的认可，改善了人际关系。 2.续写线索：绘画被发现——鼓励同学来看——介绍绘画——得到认可——关系改善——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①完成：finish/accomplish ②爆发：erupt into /burst into ③继续：continue to/go on 情绪类 ①快乐：joy/happiness ②美丽：beautiful/gorgeous 【点睛】[高分句型1] To my astonishment, as I finished speaking, the entire class erupted into warm applause. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] I continued in the same school right up to the 10th grade, always with our Sports Miss as a guide, finishing off as the best student in my class. (运用了现在分词作状语) 听力1-20 BBBAC CACBA CBCBA CAABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023—2024学年度第二学期期末教学质量抽测 高二英语试题 本试卷分四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which film does Mike prefer? A. The horror film. B. The science fiction film. C. The historical film. 2. What is probably Chris? A. A cook. B. A journalist. C. A teacher. 3. Why does the man call the woman? A. To make an apology. B. To ask her to collect children. C. To complain about the delayed train. 4 What is Tom doing? A. Tidying summer homework. B. Preparing for final tests. C. Writing his assignment. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A heavy smoker. B. A new building. C. A terrible fire. 第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第 6、7题。 6. What are the speakers quarrelling over? A. Whether to raise a pet rabbit. B. Which souvenir to choose. C. How to spend money on travelling. 7. What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B Friends. C. Colleagues. 听第7段材料，回答第 8至 10题。 8. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. To have the shower turned off. B. To have the toilet cleaned. C. To get the room checked. 9. What's the woman's attitude towards the explanation? A. Supportive. B. Dissatisfied. C. Uncaring. 10. Why is it so hot in the room? A. Air conditioning fails to work well. B. Power has been shut off. C. The room is too small. 听第8段材料,回答第 11 至 13题。 11. Where does the conversation take place? A. On the street. B. In the office. C. On the phone. 12. Why will Mrs. White be late? A. She had an accident. B. She is stuck in traffic. C. She lost her way. 13. When will Mrs. White arrive? A. At about 10:30 am. B. At about 11:00 am. C. At about 11:30 am. 听第9段材料，回答第14 至 17题。 14. What's wrong with the man? A. He has a heart ache. B. He has a chest pain. C. He has a running nose. 15. When did the symptoms begin? A. Three days ago. B. This morning. C. Last week. 16. What does the woman arrange for the man? A. An online consultation. B. An urgent operation. C. A medical test. 17. What did the man plan to do tonight? A. Have a big meal. B. Order a ticket. C. Book a restaurant. 听第10段材料,回答第18 至 20题。 18. What is the speaker introducing? A. A workbook. B. An experiment. C. An activity. 19. What are the listeners supposed to do first? A. Start the experiment themselves. B. Choose experiments and activities. C. Read Chapter One of the workbook. 20. How should the listeners finish the “Activities” section? A. In their own way. B. With the teacher's help. C. By following instructions. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题;每小题2.5分,满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A About Salon What we do Salon has driven the national conversation since 1995 through fearless journalism distributed across Salon.com, Salon TV, social media, news platforms, email newsletters and mobile apps. We provide thorough analysis and lead in-depth conversations; we entertainment our readers, challenge conventional wisdom and celebrate innovation with humanity. Salon’s award-winning content, including our flagship show “Salon Talks”, reaches an audience of about 10 million monthly unique visitors. Become a member! Benefits: Completely ad-free; Access to members-only newsletters; Bookmark articles and recipes; Night-vision mode. $9.95 PER MONTH $95 PER YEAR (Subscribe) (Subscribe) Contact Media Inquiries Members of the press and bookers: If you’d like to speak to a representative of Salon for an article or book a media appearance please email us at press@salon. com. ◇ Editorial Contacts and Submissions See our Submissions page to contact our editors with writer pitches (作家推介) and story submissions. For general editorial feedback, contact Erin Keane, Chief ContentOfficer, at ekeane@salon.com. ◇Corrections Salon aims to publish accurate information at all times. If you think Salon has published something in error, please email us at readermail@salon.com. ◇ Sharing and Syndication Newspapers, magazines, websites, book publishers and broadcast media should email us at syndication@salon.com. Requests must include the article, title, writer’s name and your intended use. Salon’s progressive, independent journalism grows with your support We need your support to stay independent — from the impacts of algorithms (算法) and ad markets, and from the handful of big media companies and billionaires that now own most U. S. media outlets. With more members, we can pursue the reporting and analysis that you need most. 1. What can we know about Salon? A. It has a history of over three decades. B. It mainly focuses on entertainment content. C. It is an outstanding digital media channel. D. It provides members-only newsletters for regular visitors. 2. What address will be used if a third party wants to share Salon’s article? A. press@salon.com. B. ekeane@salon.com. C. readermail@salon.com. D. syndication@salon.com. 3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To introduce Salon’s recent progress. B. To encourage more user subscriptions. C. To info rm readers of Salon’s operation. D. To promote a new editorial team at Salon. B Katalin Kariku along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology. Kariku was born in January 1955, in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult, she became interested in messenger RNA, which carries DNA instructions to the protein-making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However, Kariku faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country, and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country. After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide, Kariku accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Kariku and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one-way ticket to the U. S., where they knew no one. She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges, she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day, she “accidentally” met her work partner Dre w Weissman who was also interested in mRNA. They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Kariku and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines (疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively. Kariku’s life is a testament (证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of, but we are not good self-motivators on a daily basis. 4. What can we learn about Kariku from paragraph 2? A. She had a tolerant mind. B. She longed to be a doctor. C. She was fond of world tours. D. She had a clear sense of purpose. 5. What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Not discouraged by. B. Being unaware of. C. Not motivated by. D. Being ashamed of. 6. What is probably the main contribution of Kariku? A. Simplifying the mRNA technology. B. Making the structure of mRNA clear. C. Developing a vaccine for a serious disease. D. Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. 7. What lesson can we learn from Kariku’s success? A. Nothing seek, nothing find. B. Two heads are better than one. C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. D. Necessity is the mother of invention. C AI systems can now learn and use human language, but they learn from astronomical amounts of language input—much more than children receive when learning how to understand and speak a language. The best AI systems are trained on text datasets containing trillions of words, whereas children receive just millions per year. But a recent study suggests AI systems can acquire some language with a small set of clues. Researchers took advantage of an existing library of camera footage that captured one baby’s experience. The baby named Sam wore a headcam (头戴式设备) for 61 hours between the ages of six months and 25 months. The headcam recorded video and audio while Sam took part in activities including playing, eating and reading. The researchers fed their AI model individual video images and a written text of what people were saying at that time. They wondered what the model would learn and whether it could provide insights into the language acquisition process in children. Across multiple tests, the AI model correctly matched words with images 62 percent of the time. The AI was also able to match words it had learned with representative images that it had never seen before, such as a common image of an apple, about 35 percent of the time. Words including “car” and “sand” were frequently recognized by the AI, but it struggled with objects that might have more variations, such as “room”. “The findings demonstrate how some aspects of word meaning are learnable by association. However, the study didn’t prove how children actually acquire words,” Joshua Tenenbaum, a scientist who was not involved in the research, says. “The study also focused just on the names of objects—it didn’t show that the AI could learn about verbs, structures and other aspects of language through the recordings,” another scientist adds. With future research, similar studies of learning could pull back the curtain on the mysterious process of language acquisition. 8. What phenomenon about AI systems and children is mainly described in paragraph 1? A. The data gap in language acquisition. B. Sharp distinctions in language learning ability. C. The difficulty of processing large numbers of words. D. Inaccessibility of certain datasets on language learning. 9. How does the AI model learn language in the study? A. By reading and playing with Sam for 61 hours. B. By communicating with Sam for several months. C. By analyzing a large number of words spoken by Sam. D. By engaging in Sam’s daily experiences through recordings. 10. Which of the following words might the AI model most probably struggle to match? A. Bottle. B. Banana. C. Toy. D. Car. 11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The limitations of the study. B. Different aspects of language. C. Improvements of the AI model. D. The directions for further study. D Just like any other living thing, plants can get stressed. Usually, it’s conditions like heat and drought that lead to this stress, and when they’re stressed, plants might not grow as large or produce as much. Many scientists have tried genetically changing plants. But plants changed for higher crop output tend to have a lower stress tolerance because they put more energy into growth than into protection against stresses. Similarly, improving the ability of plants to survive stress often results in plants that produce less because they put more energy into protection than into growth. Our lab instead focuses on how plants and bacteria sense ethylene (乙烯) and how it interacts with other chemicals to regulate plant development. For this experiment, we exposed the seeds to ethylene gas for several days in the dark to see what effect this might have. After gathering data on these seedlings (young plants), we transferred them to a place with much light. Several days later, some lab members unexpectedly observed that the plants briefly treated with ethylene had larger leaves as well as stronger root systems than plants that had not been exposed to ethylene. These plants continued growing at a faster rate throughout their whole lifetime. But what made our observation even more pleasing is that the brief ethylene treatment also increased tolerance to various stresses such as high temperature and low oxygen conditions. Long-term effects on growth and stress tolerance from brief exposure to a stimulus (刺激物) are often called priming effects (启动效应). So what’s the underlying logic? What we’ve found is that ethylene increases photosynthesis(a process by which plants gain chemical energy from inorganic matters). Part of photosynthesis includes what is called carbon fixation, where plants pull carbon from the atmosphere and use the CO₂ as building blocks to make sugars to fuel their activities. Understanding this is more important than ever and could help improve crop production to feed the world’s population. 12. What is the challenge faced by scientists behind genetically changed plants? A. Guaranteeing a healthy environment for the plants. B. Balancing plants’ productivity and stress resistance. C. Raising survival rates of genetically changed plants. D. Identifying stress factors affecting genetically changed plants. 13. What serves as a stimulus in the author’s experiment? A. Ethylene. B. Bacteria. C. Darkness. D. Sunlight. 14. What is the role of carbon fixation in photosynthesis? A It changes sugars into CO₂. B. It makes plants absorb much sunlight. C. It helps plants generate energy from CO₂. D. It enhances the process of ethylene priming. 15. Which of following is the best title for the text? A. Why do Some Plants Have a Higher Stress Level? B. Employing a Chemical Early on May Help Feed the World C. How do Priming Effects Increase Photosynthesis in Plants? D. Exposure to Ethylene is a Good Way to Protect Plants 第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分 12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How do you respond when someone else sets a boundary? You might hear the word “boundaries” and imagine walls that separate you from other people. In a sense, that’s true. But boundaries aren’t necessarily a bad thing. In fact, they’re an important ingredient in healthy and balanced relationships. ___16___ You’re not the only one who can set boundaries. ___17___ Perhaps you feel like you’re being scolded or “put in your place”. You may notice some negative emotions rushing to the surface as you try to immediately defend your actions. Keep in mind that you are not losing anything but gaining knowledge of what makes the person in your life feel safe and happy. ___18___ If you’re feeling upset deep, slow breathing can calm your nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. This makes it easier for you to receive information rather than prepare for an argument. Remember that you both have your own way of processing and feeling emotions. Try not to assume what your partner needs before they say it out loud. ___19___ Apologize when necessary. You’re only human, and we all make mistakes. Maybe you accidentally overstepped a boundary by making an offensive joke or oversharing when you’ve been asked not to. ___20___ Ask for clarity if you feel you need it. By learning to accept and acknowledge other people’s boundaries, you can start to think about how you can improve your own connections with others. Ultimately, effective boundaries can leave you both feeling empowered and result in a healthier, more satisfying relationship. A. Take time to breathe and listen. B. When someone voices a restriction, you might feel a sense of shame or frustration. C. Allow them space to voice their needs and wants. D. When someone reaffirms the boundary, be humble enough to apologize for your mistake. E. You’ll need to adjust it as circumstances change and relationships grow. F. They’re also a crucial part of maintaining mental health and physical well-being. G. Learning how to set and maintain boundaries can change many aspects of your life. 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The last thing Matthews remembered before waking up in the hospital was riding along a quiet street. It was late last September and Matthews was ____21____ for the Ironman World Championship, due to take place in Hawaii 10 days later. “In fact, this particular street was my favourite, but that sounds ___22___ now,” the 31-year-old said. Her teammates had to ___23___ her on what had happened. “Initially, you just got up straight away and started moving around, ___24___ us that you were fine to go on,” one teammate recalled. “I don’t ___25___ any of that,” Matthews smiled. “You’d actually ___26___ the car so perfectly that it broke the thickest bone above your neck,” the teammate continued. Many people would think twice about their choice of ___27___ after a disastrous episode like that. But Matthews is clearly not the ___28___ person. After just a few days in hospital, she insisted on ___29___ and flew to Hawaii anyway. Matthews ___30___ her fellow athlete who beat other competitors and claimed the gold, and dreamt it might be her obtaining the ___31___ soon. Despite some issues, Matthews is ____32____ awaiting the coming intensive winter training. She makes it sound as if she is recovering from a(n) ___33___ wound. In fact, what she is attempting — her ___34___ is being made into a documentary by the Professional Triathletes Organization — impresses a large audience. Any bystander may think the ___35___ is enough for her to back off for a long time! But Matthews smiles, “I’m just going to keep doing what I’m doing.” 21. A. shopping B. travelling C. volunteering D. training 22. A. reasonable B. tolerable C. laughable D. serious 23. A. consult B. congratulate C. update D. evaluate 24. A. reminding B. convincing C. cautioning D. recommending 25. A. acknowledge B. believe C. mind D. remember 26. A. ruined B. hit C. driven D. maintained 27. A. careers B. teammates C. hospitals D. competitors 28. A. average B. exceptional C. selfish D. disciplined 29. A. canceling out B. pulling together C. checking out D. getting across 30. A. comforted B. cheered C. replaced D. instructed 31. A. approval B. support C. appointment D. title 32. A. initially B. gratefully C. eagerly D. fortunately 33. A. insignificant B. sensitive C. severe D. unidentifiable 34. A. breakdown B. comeback C. withdrawal D. injury 35. A. recovery B. news C. failure D. incident 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 根据提示完成句子，在答题卡相应位置填入一个适当的完整单词，注意所填单词的形式。 36. A group of 80 soldiers l_____________ (发起) an all-out attack just before dawn. (根据中英文提示填空) 37. In remote regions, the air is p____________ (洁净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides. (根据中英文提示填空) 38. The exercises are designed to s____________ (加强) your stomach muscles. (根据中英文提示填空) 39. In 2018, her entire life s_____________(积蓄) were donated to her home town in Mulan County. (根据中英文提示填空) 40. He was the innocent v_____________(受害者) of a very violent murder. (根据中英文提示填空) 第三节(共 10小题;每小题1.5分,满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blue-and-white porcelain is probably a good example of the global market in the ancient world. This Chinese ceramic (陶瓷的) variety ___41___ (gain) a global reputation during the Yuan Dynasty and over the following centuries, became one of the country’s signature ___42___ (product) on the flourishing Maritime Silk Road. As one of the typical varieties from China, blue-and-white porcelain is famous for its delicate underglaze patterns. ___43___ (interesting), its origin and evolution owe much to foreign influences in materials and techniques. The blue-and-white style flourished during the 13th to 14th centuries. In its early stages, it relied on ___44___ (import) cobalt (钴) paint known as “Samarra Blue” ___45___ “Sumatra Blue”, which contained a higher percentage of iron dioxide, ___46___ (result) in the distinct blue hue. Over time, Chinese artisans sought local mines and successfully formulated native pigments (颜料). They experimented by blending local and imported raw materials ___47___ (create) pigments that not only were in line ___48___ but also shaped aesthetic preferences at the time. With ___49___ craftsmanship and techniques advanced, blue-and-white porcelain produced during the Kangxi era (1662—1722) of the Qing Dynasty exhibited remarkable variations in tone, ____50____ reminds people of the five hues in traditional Chinese paintings. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节(满分15分) 51. 假定你是李华，上周六你们班一起去公园进行了汉服(Hanfu outfits)宣传活动。请你给英国朋友 Lucia写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1.活动介绍;2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lucia, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分20分) 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was seated in a corner of the fourth-grade classroom, feeling lost. My parents had transplanted me from my old village school to this fancy boarding school in Bangalore. With everything strange around me, I missed my hometown and my old friends because there was now no warm home to rush back to after school and no one to share tales with. I couldn’t help thinking of the happy moments I had spent before moving here. I didn’t even know how long it would take to adapt myself to the completely new environment. Or could I? Just then there was a loud cheer from my classmates that pulled me back from my memories. A tall, slim teacher in a shirt and a starched skirt came by, announcing that the math teacher was absent and that we would have a free period. She then suggested we do some activities on our own without making a loud noise. I soon learned that this was Miss Thomas, better known as the Sports Miss. All the girls agreed cheerfully and soon gathered in small groups. Some chatted or giggled while others read books or were seen writing. As a newcomer, I believed it was too early for me to join them. With nothing better to do, I pulled out a sheet of paper, on which I scrawled (潦草地涂鸦) rolling hills, swaying palms, the path that led to my old school, and my teacher with her long hair. While doing this, I sensed a strong feeling of loss, tears welling up in my eyes. I was so absorbed in drawing my old friends one by one that I didn’t even notice Miss Thomas standing by my side. The moment I raised my head to wipe my tears, I saw her there. I nearly died of embarrassment and tried to hide the paper from her. However, she asked me if I’d like to share it with the class. After a few seconds’ thought, I agreed. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Girls, look at this picture,” she announced. “We have a little artist among us! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Many of my classmates then came forward, shook my hands and smiled at me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-20 BBBAC CACBA CBCBA CAABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$