Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1． commercial airline　 2． into the bay 　 3．shops selling crafts and antiques 4．spectacular peaks 　 5．mountain goats 　 6．a grizzly bear 　 7．oil and gas drilling industry 　 8．shopping malls 　 9．the great Canadian Prairie 　 10．a bunch of flowers 　 11．frost on the ground 　 12．pull back the curtains 　 13．a duration of four days 　 14．an important harbour 　 15．enroll in a programme of study 　 16．an old quarry 　 17．understand idioms 　 18．alongside the coast 　 19．shores of Lake Ontario 　 20． skyscrapers of glass and steel　 21． beautiful cobblestone streets 22．arise early 　 23．a massive rock 24．a coach bound north 25．look at the beautiful scenery 26．one highlight of their trip 27．thunder in the distance 28．on the border 29．contrary to popular belief 30．go there anyhow 31．proceed slowly along the street 32．at dusk 33．a northern accent 34．owe her father ￡3,000 35．a piece of toast 词汇 拓展 1．mist n. 薄雾；水汽→　 adj. 多雾的；模糊的 2．mass n. 团；堆；许多；大量→　 adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 3．idiom n. 习语；成语→　 adj. 惯用的； 符合(某一)语言习惯的；包含习语的 4．pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的→　 adj. 令人愉快的→　 adj. 感到高兴的→　 vt. 使愉悦　int. (用于客气地请求或吩咐)请，请问→　 n. 快乐，满足；乐事 5．freeze vi.& vt. 结冰；(使)冻住→　 adj. 极冷的；冰冻的→　 adj. 结冰的；冻僵的；(食物)冷冻的 6．anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望→　 n. 期望；期盼 7．thunder vi. 打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动　n. 雷声；轰隆声→　 adj. 雷鸣般的 8．breath n. 呼吸的空气→　 adj. 气喘吁吁的→　 v. 呼吸 9．enrol vi.& vt. (使)加入；注册；登记→　 n. 加入；注册；登记 10．advertise v. 做广告；登广告；宣传→　 n. 广告；启事→　 n. 广告商 11．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊→　 n. 吃惊，惊讶→　 adj. 惊讶的→　 adj. 令人惊讶的 12．photograph n. 照片　vt. 给……照相→　 n. 摄影师；拍照者→　 n. 摄影；摄影术 重点 词组 1．start out　　　　　　 2．take sb.'s breath away 　 3．all the way 4．pass through 5．in addition to 6．be home to 7．go through 8．a bunch of 9．date back to 10．be unique to 11．contrary to 12．in contrast to 13．proceed to sth. 重点 句型 11．rather than连接并列成分 教材原句 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。 迁移运用 It is what you do ． 重要的是你做什么，而不是你说什么。 2．过去分词短语作状语 教材原句 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。 迁移运用 , I agreed to give it a try. 他的话鼓舞了我，我同意试一试。 3．It is/was not until ...that ... 教材原句 It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。 迁移运用 ,_ _tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in my eyes. 直到那时，我才意识到诚实的重要性，羞愧和尴尬的泪水夺眶而出。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1.arise (arose，arisen) vi.起身；出现；由……引起 （教材原句）The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. 第二天早上，两个女孩早早地起来了，乘火车前往路易斯湖，沿途穿过加拿大落基山脉。 归纳总结 　由……引起；从……产生 易混辨析： 原形 词性词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise (vi.)出现；发生；起身 rise (vi.)升起；增长；上升 raise (vt.)举起；抚养；饲养；募集 arouse (vt.)唤醒；激起 写作运用 ①We can draw the conclusion that good manners and respect for others. 我们可以得出这样的结论：良好的举止来自对他人的礼貌和尊重。 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Indeed, I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, . 事实上，我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了无论遇到什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。 核心词汇2.breath n.呼吸的空气 （教材原句）When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。 归纳总结 (1)take sb's breath away令人惊叹 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 out of breath气喘吁吁 catch one's breath屏息；歇口气 take a deep breath深呼吸 (2)breathe v.呼吸 [佳句背诵]　He held his breath，not daring to raise his head. 他屏住了呼吸，不敢抬起头来。 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ① Take deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing on what brings you stress，and you will fall asleep soon. ② Regular jogging provides us with a chance (breathe)the refreshing air. 写作运用 ③ I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, and waiting for the first notes of the song.我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌的第一串音符。 ④Watching David move up to the starting line with the other runners, I sighed in relief. →Watching David move up to the starting line with the other runners, I ． ⑤ (深呼吸) and swallowing my pride, I sprang to my feet, dashed to John and Rita and apologized, “I'm sorry for my rudeness, guys. Let's do this project in another way.” 核心词汇3.bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会；有义务的；被束缚的v.跳跃着跑 (教材原句）They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。 归纳总结 (1)be bound for　　　　　　　 准备前往(某地) be bound from ... to ... 从……开往…… (2)bound away 跳着跑开 bound back (球)弹回 (3)be bound in duty to do 有义务必须做 be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①The plane is bound Tokyo, which is scheduled. ②It is known that the train is bound from Shanghai Nanjing. 写作运用（完成下列句子） ③So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we . ④This activity students have a deep understanding of our traditional culture and enhance our culture confidence. 这项活动一定有助于学生深入了解我们的传统文化，增强文化自信。 核心词汇4. scenery n．[U]风景；景色 (教材原句)Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。 辨析比较　scenery, scene, sight, view scenery 指某一地区的总的自然风景或景色，是不可数名词 scene 是scenery的一部分，可数名词，多包括景物中的人物及活动 sight “风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观 view 指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色、风景 写作运用 　(选词填空：scenery/scene/sight/view) ①(以文化人助写作)Impressed by the splendid and the vivid civil life the paintings portrayed, I really appreciate the wonderful works by those gifted student painters. 画中所描绘的壮丽景色和生动的市民生活给我留下了深刻的印象，我真的很欣赏那些才华横溢的学生画家的精彩作品。 ②Nevertheless, no sooner had he gone outside than an unexpected came into his sight. 然而，他刚走出家门，就看到了意想不到的一幕。 ③As I came closer, I saw the most amazing . 当我走近时，我看到了最令人惊奇的景象。 ④People walked arm in arm among flowers of every color and a fine of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. 人们手挽着手走在五颜六色的花丛中，远处可以看到城市天际线的优美景色。 核心词汇5.　freeze vi.& vt.结冰；(使)冻住；吓呆 归纳总结 freeze to death　　　　　 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 freezing cold freezing point 冰点 frozen adj. 冷藏的；冷冻的 above/below freezing 在冰点以上/下 freeze with fear/surprise/nervousness be frozen to the spot/ground frozen knots in one's stomach 胃里冻了一个结，比喻非常紧张、恐惧或难过等 牛刀小试(单句语法填空)　 ①It was an extremely cold winter's evening and (freeze) fog hung in the air. ②My heart (freeze)in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. ③There is no comparison between (freeze) food and fresh food. 写作运用(完成句子)　 ④At the sight of the terrifying scene, I ,_too scared to move an inch. 一看到这个令人害怕的场景，我吓得僵住了，害怕地一动不能动。 ⑤ ,_with chilling wind whistling wildly. 外面很冷，寒风呼啸。 ⑥Seeing him in great pain, we almost . 看到他非常痛苦，我们几乎感到自己的血液凝固了。 核心词汇6.　 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊(astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 astonishment n. 惊讶) （教材原句）Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 归纳总结 (1)It astonishes sb that ... What astonishes sb is ... (2)be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to see/find/hear/learn ... (3)in astonishment 吃惊地 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 牛刀小试(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①The skies and lands were alive with an (astonish) variety of wildlife. ②I was (astonish) to see a thin face, so familiar, yet now lit up with joy and confidence. ③His eyebrows rose in absolute (astonish) when he saw such a shocking scene. ④To his surprise, someone from the station called him back right away. 写作运用(一句多译/补全语段) 　 ⑤(话题写作之家庭生活)父母没有因他的失败而责备他，这使他很吃惊。 →His parents didn't scold him for his failure, .(定语从句) → his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(astonishing; it作形式主语) → his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(what 引导的主语从句) → ,_his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(astonishment) ⑥It was outside with white frost on the ground. But what happened next was pure . He took off his shoes and threw them aside, which . They didn't this. 外面很冷，地上覆盖着白霜。但接下来发生的事情完全令人震惊，他脱下鞋子扔到一边，这让他们大吃一惊。他们没想到他这样做。 核心词汇7. owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；归因于 （教材原句）You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. 你们应该多待几天。 归纳总结 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe ... to ... 把……归功于…… owe an apology to sb/owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 owe it to sb that ... 多亏某人…… (2)owing to 因为；由于 注意：“因为；由于”(不接从句)多种表达：①owing to；②due to；③as a result of；④because of；⑤on account of；⑥thanks to。 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。 写作运用　(完成句子) ①The teachers . 老师把我们的成功归功于我们的努力。 ②Thanks for sticking up for me, and I . 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。 ③ the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班被延误了几个小时。 ④How grateful I am that you stopped to save me and I I'm still alive. 我很感激你停下来救了我，我现在还活着是你的功劳。 核心句式8.（教材原句）It was not until 9：30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto. 直到上午9点半，她们才终于到了安大略省的首府多伦多。 句型公式|“not...until...”结构的强调句型 本句为强调句型，强调的是“not...until...”结构。 (1)not...until...结构意为“直到……才……”。其强调句型结构为“It is/was not until...that...”。 (2)not until放在句首时，句子或主句要使用部分倒装结构，其结构为“Not until...＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋(句子/主句)主语＋谓语动词＋其他”。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ① It was not until then I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was. 直到那时我才突然意识到，没有人比我更幸福了。 ② It was not until they pointed out my fault to me I realized it. 直到他们指出了我的错误，我才意识到。 ③ Not until the snow stopped (do) he leave the room. 雪停了之后他才离开这个房间。 写作运用 ④ I didn't realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity. → I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型) →Not until how important working with my own hands was.(倒装) 核心句式9．（教材原句）Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。 归纳总结 句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是；与其；不愿”。它通常连接两个并列的句子成分。 (2)当rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (3)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (4)常见的含rather than的句型： prefer to do ...rather than do ... ＝would do ...rather than do ... ＝would rather do ...than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 　　 写作应用 完成句子/一句多译 ①毫无疑问，用自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。 There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands ． ②尽管面临许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿死也不愿放弃。 In spite of many massive difficulties, I ． ＝In spite of many massive difficulties, I ． ＝In spite of many massive difficulties, I ． 核心句式10．（教材原句）When asked what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”． 当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，这个男人说这是“一次一生的经历”。 归纳总结 When asked what the trip meant to him为状语从句的省略。 (1)状语从句省略的条件：①状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是代词it；②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 (2)状语从句省略的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。　　 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①While (enjoy) the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy. ②If (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. ③ , you should turn to your parents. 如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。 核心句式11．（教材原句）During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。 归纳总结 本句中 as引导非限制性定语从句。 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常用such, the same, as, so等修饰。　　　 注意：(1)which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能放在主句后面，意为“这一点”。 (2)在such ... as ...中，as引导限制性定语从句， as是关系代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等成分；而such ... that ...引导结果状语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分。　 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空) ①This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out. ＝This is such a difficult question nobody can work it out. ②He was fond of reading gradually, made our English teacher very happy. 核心句式12．（教材原句）Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。 归纳总结 Standing in the distance是现在分词短语作状语，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主谓关系。另外，现在分词短语还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果等状语。 (1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况，相当于并列句。 (2)现在分词的一般式表示该动作与句子的谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。 (3)现在分词的完成式表示该动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。　　 　 牛刀小试(1)单句语法填空 ①The cup dropped to the ground, (break) into pieces. ②They stood there for an hour (watch) the game. (2)完成句子 ③ , they got excited.(表示时间) 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。 ④ , he still repeated the same mistake. 尽管他被告诉了很多次，但他仍然重复着相同的错误。 03 素养提升 语法释析　过去分词作表语、状语 思维导图 一、过去分词(短语)作表语　 　(一)过去分词(短语)作表语的用法 语法感知 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. ②(2021·全国甲卷)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? ③He looked worried after reading the letter. ④When we heard of it, we were very excited. 发现规律 ①过去分词tired放在系动词got之后作表语，表示逻辑主语I所处的状态。 ②过去分词 discouraged放在系动词become之后作表语，表示逻辑主语great thinkers的心理感受。 ③过去分词worried放在系动词look之后作表语，表示主语He的心理感受。 ④过去分词excited放在系动词be之后作表语，表示主语we的主观心理感受。 归纳总结 过去分词短语作表语时，可放在系动词be， get， feel， remain， seem， look， become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态或心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①—Are you sure you're ready for the test? —No problem. I'm well (prepare) for it. ②We got a little (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. ③While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2)完成句子 ④Why do you always ? 你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ ⑤I at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。 (二)过去分词(短语)作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态或特征，后面不接by短语，但可以接其他的介词；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作，后面常接by短语。 ①The cup is broken. 这个杯子是坏的。(过去分词作表语) ②The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态) 牛刀小试　(翻译并对比下列句子) ①这本书写得很好。 ②这本书是他去年写的。 (三)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 常见的这类词有： We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 牛刀小试　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①The look on her face suggested that she was by the scene.(frighten) ②The news was and they were all at it.(excite) ③We all felt at the news.(encourage) ④The audience were all to tears by the film.(move) 二、过去分词(短语)作状语　 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的类型 语法感知 ①When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it interesting and rewarding. ②Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ＝Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching. ＝John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching. ③Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ④Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. ＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. ⑤She accepted the gift, deeply moved. ＝She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 发现 ①过去分词短语asked ...job作 状语，可以在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 ②过去分词短语Absorbed in painting作 状语，相当于 从句。 ③过去分词短语Used with care作 状语，可加连词if, unless等转换成 从句。 ④过去分词短语Defeated by his opponent作 状语，有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether ... or等连词转换成 从句。 ⑤过去分词短语deeply moved作 状语，相当于 连接的并列句。 归纳总结　 过去分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式或伴随、结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ① (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays. ② (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. ③Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ④ (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. ⑤ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2)句型转换(用过去分词短语作状语) ⑥When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. → ⑦Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. → ⑧If we were given more time, we could do it much better. → ⑨The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. → (二)过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher.(时间状语) 被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表达了感谢。 ②Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 ③The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (三)过去分词的独立主格结构作状语 过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。 Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。 牛刀小试 (用独立主格结构作状语改写句子) ①After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. → , a lively question-and-answer session followed. ②The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries. →The factory produced many famous cars, . ③Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. → , he felt very happy. (四)过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 ①Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 ②Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。　　 If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(√) 牛刀小试　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ① (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ②—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree， (absorb) in his book. 单元写作——Write an email about a journey 本单元的写作任务是写一封旅游电子邮件，也就是以书信的形式写一篇旅游报告。旅游报告主要描写游览中的所见所闻以及所感。对于此类话题的文章可以按照以下几个步骤来写： 1．点明主题。简要介绍所游览的地方。 2．具体描述旅行的经历和见闻。描述时，应按照一定的时间、空间或逻辑顺序，这样可以使内容层次清晰。同时还应分清主次，详略得当，要突出最有特色、最感兴趣的事物。 3．描述自己的感受。既可以是旅游过程中对眼前景物的所思所想，也可以是所经历的人或事对自己的影响，但要与主题相呼应。 (一)课文模式提炼 (二)推荐模板 充盈语料库 1．be located in/at/between ...　　 2．make a trip to ... 3．a feast for eyes 4．the good weather and breathtaking scenery 5．an attractive place 6．from the view of ... 7．be open to the public 8．catch sight of (二)背写作佳句 1．常用开头句 ①Thank you so much for allowing me to go on this journey! 非常感谢您允许我踏上这段旅程！ ②After a tiring day, we finally arrived in the old country. 经过一天的劳累，我们终于到达了这个古老的国家。 2．常用中间句 ①Meanwhile, diverse customs and lifestyles of native peoples enabled us to have a deeper insight into our motherland and people. 同时，不同民族的风俗习惯和生活方式使我们对祖国和人民有更深入的了解。 ②Appreciating many famous scenic spots along the way, we were deeply impressed with the breathtaking scenery from Sichuan to Gansu. 沿途我们欣赏了许多著名的景点，从四川到甘肃的壮丽景色给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ③Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area. 坐落在山顶的寺庙见证了这个地区的许多变化。 ④It's very convenient to get there by taking buses No. 17, 59 or 69 besides Subway Line 2. 乘车到达那里很方便，可乘坐公共汽车17路、59路或69路以及地铁2号线。 ⑤Hangzhou has some top tourist attractions, which attract millions of visitors every year. 杭州有一些顶级的旅游景点，每年吸引数百万游客。 ⑥As is known to all, Mount Hua is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics. 正如大家所知道的，华山以它险峻的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。 ⑦It is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave. 这是一个你必须参观的地方，非凡的景色会让你不愿离开。 3．常用结束句 ①We were astonished by its beauty.It is well worth visiting. 我们震撼于它的美丽。它很值得参观。 ②It was an unforgettable trip and we all felt very happy and excited. This trip not only allowed me to relax and broaden my vision, but also enhanced the friendship between my classmates. 这是一次难忘的旅行，我们都感到非常高兴和兴奋。这次旅行不仅让我放松，开阔了视野，还增进了同学之间的友谊。 ③It has been a wonderful trip so far, and I am loving the city! 到目前为止，这是一次美妙的旅行，我爱这个城市！ 典例训练 假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1．交通出行； 2．必备衣物。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim， Yours， Li Hua 必背范文 Dear Jim， I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in China. I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I'll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities. Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you. Looking forward to your arrival. Yours， Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．commercial airline　　　　商业航班 2．into the bay 进入海湾 3．shops selling crafts and antiques 卖工艺品和古董的商店 4．spectacular peaks 壮丽的山峰 5．mountain goats 山羊 6．a grizzly bear 灰熊 7．oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业 8．shopping malls 购物商场 9．the great Canadian Prairie 加拿大大草原 10．a bunch of flowers 一束花 11．frost on the ground 地上的霜 12．pull back the curtains 拉开窗帘 13．a duration of four days 持续四天 14．an important harbour 一个重要的港口 15．enroll in a programme of study 加入一个学习项目 16．an old quarry 一个旧采石场 17．understand idioms 理解习语 18．alongside the coast 沿着海岸线 19．shores of Lake Ontario 安大略湖畔 20．skyscrapers of glass and steel玻璃和钢铁建造的摩天大楼 21．beautiful cobblestone streets 美丽的鹅卵石街道 22．arise early 起得早 23．a massive rock 一块巨大的岩石 24．a coach bound north 去往北方的大巴 25．look at the beautiful scenery 观看美景 26．one highlight of their trip 他们旅程的一个亮点 27．thunder in the distance 远处的雷声 28．on the border 在边界上 29．contrary to popular belief 与普遍的看法相反 30．go there anyhow 无论如何都去那里 31．proceed slowly along the street 沿着街道缓慢前进 32．at dusk 在黄昏 33．a northern accent 北方口音 34．owe her father ￡3,000 欠她父亲3 000英镑 35．a piece of toast 一片烤面包片 词汇 拓展 1．mist n. 薄雾；水汽→misty adj. 多雾的；模糊的 2．mass n. 团；堆；许多；大量→massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 3．idiom n. 习语；成语→idiomatic adj. 惯用的； 符合(某一)语言习惯的；包含习语的 4．pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的→pleasing adj. 令人愉快的→pleased adj. 感到高兴的→please vt. 使愉悦　int. (用于客气地请求或吩咐)请，请问→pleasure n. 快乐，满足；乐事 5．freeze vi.& vt. 结冰；(使)冻住→freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj. 结冰的；冻僵的；(食物)冷冻的 6．anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望→anticipation n. 期望；期盼 7．thunder vi. 打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动　n. 雷声；轰隆声→thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的 8．breath n. 呼吸的空气→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的→breathe v. 呼吸 9．enrol vi.& vt. (使)加入；注册；登记→enrollment n. 加入；注册；登记 10．advertise v. 做广告；登广告；宣传→advertisement n. 广告；启事→advertiser n. 广告商 11．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishment n. 吃惊，惊讶→astonished adj. 惊讶的→astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 12．photograph n. 照片　vt. 给……照相→photographer n. 摄影师；拍照者→photography n. 摄影；摄影术 重点 词组 1．start out　　　　　　 出发；启程 2．take sb.'s breath away 　 令人惊叹 3．all the way 一路上；自始至终；一直 4．pass through 穿过 5．in addition to 另外；加之；除……之外(还) 6．be home to 是……的家园 7．go through 经历；检查；审阅；完成 8．a bunch of 一束；一串；一群；大量 9．date back to 追溯到 10．be unique to 是……特有的/独有的 11．contrary to 相反的；相对立的 12．in contrast to 与……截然不同；相比之下 13．proceed to sth. 进而做(参加) 重点 句型 11．rather than连接并列成分 教材原句 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。 迁移运用 It is what you do rather__than__what__you__say__that__matters． 重要的是你做什么，而不是你说什么。 2．过去分词短语作状语 教材原句 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。 迁移运用 Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. 他的话鼓舞了我，我同意试一试。 3．It is/was not until ...that ... 教材原句 It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。 迁移运用 It__was__not__until__then__that__I__realized__the__importance__of__honesty,_ _tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in my eyes. 直到那时，我才意识到诚实的重要性，羞愧和尴尬的泪水夺眶而出。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1.arise (arose，arisen) vi.起身；出现；由……引起 （教材原句）The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. 第二天早上，两个女孩早早地起来了，乘火车前往路易斯湖，沿途穿过加拿大落基山脉。 归纳总结 　由……引起；从……产生 易混辨析： 原形 词性词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise (vi.)出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising rise (vi.)升起；增长；上升 rose risen rising raise (vt.)举起；抚养；饲养；募集 raised raised raising arouse (vt.)唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing 写作运用 ①We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise_from/out_of_politeness_ and respect for others. 我们可以得出这样的结论：良好的举止来自对他人的礼貌和尊重。 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Indeed, I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, whatever_difficulties_might_arise. 事实上，我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了无论遇到什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。 核心词汇2.breath n.呼吸的空气 （教材原句）When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。 归纳总结 (1)take sb's breath away令人惊叹 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 out of breath气喘吁吁 catch one's breath屏息；歇口气 take a deep breath深呼吸 (2)breathe v.呼吸 [佳句背诵]　He held his breath，not daring to raise his head. 他屏住了呼吸，不敢抬起头来。 牛刀小试—单句语法填空 ① Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing on what brings you stress，and you will fall asleep soon. ② Regular jogging provides us with a chance to breathe (breathe)the refreshing air. 写作运用 ③ I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌的第一串音符。 ④Watching David move up to the starting line with the other runners, I sighed in relief. →Watching David move up to the starting line with the other runners, I breathed__a__sigh__ of__relief． ⑤Taking__a__deep__breath (深呼吸) and swallowing my pride, I sprang to my feet, dashed to John and Rita and apologized, “I'm sorry for my rudeness, guys. Let's do this project in another way.” 核心词汇3.bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会；有义务的；被束缚的v.跳跃着跑 (教材原句）They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。 归纳总结 (1)be bound for　　　　　　　 准备前往(某地) be bound from ... to ... 从……开往…… (2)bound away 跳着跑开 bound back (球)弹回 (3)be bound in duty to do 有义务必须做 be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①The plane is bound for Tokyo, which is scheduled. ②It is known that the train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing. 写作运用（完成下列句子） ③So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success. ④This activity is bound to help students have a deep understanding of our traditional culture and enhance our culture confidence. 这项活动一定有助于学生深入了解我们的传统文化，增强文化自信。 核心词汇4. scenery n．[U]风景；景色 (教材原句)Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。 辨析比较　scenery, scene, sight, view scenery 指某一地区的总的自然风景或景色，是不可数名词 scene 是scenery的一部分，可数名词，多包括景物中的人物及活动 sight “风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观 view 指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色、风景 写作运用 　(选词填空：scenery/scene/sight/view) ①(以文化人助写作)Impressed by the splendid scenery and the vivid civil life the paintings portrayed, I really appreciate the wonderful works by those gifted student painters. 画中所描绘的壮丽景色和生动的市民生活给我留下了深刻的印象，我真的很欣赏那些才华横溢的学生画家的精彩作品。 ②Nevertheless, no sooner had he gone outside than an unexpected scene came into his sight. 然而，他刚走出家门，就看到了意想不到的一幕。 ③As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. 当我走近时，我看到了最令人惊奇的景象。 ④People walked arm in arm among flowers of every color and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. 人们手挽着手走在五颜六色的花丛中，远处可以看到城市天际线的优美景色。 核心词汇5.　freeze vi.& vt.结冰；(使)冻住；吓呆 归纳总结 freeze to death　　　　　 冻得要死 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 freezing cold 极冷的；冻僵的 freezing point 冰点 frozen adj. 冷藏的；冷冻的 above/below freezing 在冰点以上/下 freeze with fear/surprise/nervousness 吓呆了/惊呆了/紧张得僵住了 be frozen to the spot/ground (因惊讶、恐惧、紧张等)当场呆住 frozen knots in one's stomach 胃里冻了一个结，比喻非常紧张、恐惧或难过等 牛刀小试(单句语法填空)　 ①It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing (freeze) fog hung in the air. ②My heart froze(freeze)in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. ③There is no comparison between frozen_(freeze) food and fresh food. 写作运用(完成句子)　 ④At the sight of the terrifying scene, I froze_with_terror,_too scared to move an inch. 一看到这个令人害怕的场景，我吓得僵住了，害怕地一动不能动。 ⑤It was_freezing_cold_outside,_with chilling wind whistling wildly. 外面很冷，寒风呼啸。 ⑥Seeing him in great pain, we almost felt_our_blood_frozen. 看到他非常痛苦，我们几乎感到自己的血液凝固了。 核心词汇6.　 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊(astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 astonishment n. 惊讶) （教材原句）Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 归纳总结 (1)It astonishes sb that ... 令某人惊讶的是…… What astonishes sb is ... 使某人惊讶的是…… (2)be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to see/find/hear/learn ... 惊讶地看见/发现/听到/得知…… (3)in astonishment 吃惊地 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 牛刀小试(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①The skies and lands were alive with an astonishing (astonish) variety of wildlife. ②I was astonished (astonish) to see a thin face, so familiar, yet now lit up with joy and confidence. ③His eyebrows rose in absolute astonishment (astonish) when he saw such a shocking scene. ④To his surprise, someone from the station called him back right away.astonishment 写作运用(一句多译/补全语段) 　 ⑤(话题写作之家庭生活)父母没有因他的失败而责备他，这使他很吃惊。 →His parents didn't scold him for his failure, which_astonished_him.(定语从句) →It_was_astonishing_for_him_that his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(astonishing; it作形式主语) →What_astonished_him_was_that his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(what 引导的主语从句) →To_his_astonishment,_his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(astonishment) ⑥It was freezing_cold outside with white frost on the ground. But what happened next was pure astonishing. He took off his shoes and threw them aside, which took_their_breath_away. They didn't anticipate_him_doing this. 外面很冷，地上覆盖着白霜。但接下来发生的事情完全令人震惊，他脱下鞋子扔到一边，这让他们大吃一惊。他们没想到他这样做。 核心词汇7. owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；归因于 （教材原句）You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. 你们应该多待几天。 归纳总结 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe ... to ... 把……归功于…… owe an apology to sb/owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 owe it to sb that ... 多亏某人…… (2)owing to 因为；由于 注意：“因为；由于”(不接从句)多种表达：①owing to；②due to；③as a result of；④because of；⑤on account of；⑥thanks to。 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。 写作运用　(完成句子) ①The teachers owe our success to our hard work. 老师把我们的成功归功于我们的努力。 ②Thanks for sticking up for me, and I owe you a favour. 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。 ③Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班被延误了几个小时。 ④How grateful I am that you stopped to save me and I owe it to you that I'm still alive. 我很感激你停下来救了我，我现在还活着是你的功劳。 核心句式8.（教材原句）It was not until 9：30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto. 直到上午9点半，她们才终于到了安大略省的首府多伦多。 句型公式|“not...until...”结构的强调句型 本句为强调句型，强调的是“not...until...”结构。 (1)not...until...结构意为“直到……才……”。其强调句型结构为“It is/was not until...that...”。 (2)not until放在句首时，句子或主句要使用部分倒装结构，其结构为“Not until...＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋(句子/主句)主语＋谓语动词＋其他”。 牛刀小试（单句语法填空） ① It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was. 直到那时我才突然意识到，没有人比我更幸福了。 ② It was not until they pointed out my fault to me that I realized it. 直到他们指出了我的错误，我才意识到。 ③ Not until the snow stopped did (do) he leave the room. 雪停了之后他才离开这个房间。 写作运用 ④ I didn't realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity. →It wasn't until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型) →Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was.(倒装) 核心句式9．（教材原句）Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。 归纳总结 句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是；与其；不愿”。它通常连接两个并列的句子成分。 (2)当rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (3)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。 (4)常见的含rather than的句型： prefer to do ...rather than do ... ＝would do ...rather than do ... ＝would rather do ...than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 　　 写作应用 完成句子/一句多译 ①毫无疑问，用自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。 There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather__than__depend __on__others． ②尽管面临许多巨大的困难，但我宁愿死也不愿放弃。 In spite of many massive difficulties, I would__rather__die__than__give__up． ＝In spite of many massive difficulties, I would__die__rather__than__give__up． ＝In spite of many massive difficulties, I preferred__to__die__rather__than__give__up． 核心句式10．（教材原句）When asked what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”． 当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，这个男人说这是“一次一生的经历”。 归纳总结 When asked what the trip meant to him为状语从句的省略。 (1)状语从句省略的条件：①状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是代词it；②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 (2)状语从句省略的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。　　 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①While enjoying (enjoy) the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy. ②If accepted (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. ③If (it is) necessary, you should turn to your parents. 如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。 核心句式11．（教材原句）During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。 归纳总结 本句中 as引导非限制性定语从句。 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常用such, the same, as, so等修饰。　　　 注意：(1)which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能放在主句后面，意为“这一点”。 (2)在such ... as ...中，as引导限制性定语从句， as是关系代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等成分；而such ... that ...引导结果状语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分。　 牛刀小试　(单句语法填空) ①This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out. ＝This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out. ②He was fond of reading gradually, which made our English teacher very happy. 核心句式12．（教材原句）Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。 归纳总结 Standing in the distance是现在分词短语作状语，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主谓关系。另外，现在分词短语还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果等状语。 (1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况，相当于并列句。 (2)现在分词的一般式表示该动作与句子的谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。 (3)现在分词的完成式表示该动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。　　 　 牛刀小试(1)单句语法填空 ①The cup dropped to the ground, breaking (break) into pieces. ②They stood there for an hour watching (watch) the game. (2)完成句子 ③Hearing the news, they got excited.(表示时间) 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。 ④Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 尽管他被告诉了很多次，但他仍然重复着相同的错误。 03 素养提升 语法释析　过去分词作表语、状语 思维导图 一、过去分词(短语)作表语　 　(一)过去分词(短语)作表语的用法 语法感知 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. ②(2021·全国甲卷)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? ③He looked worried after reading the letter. ④When we heard of it, we were very excited. 发现规律 ①过去分词tired放在系动词got之后作表语，表示逻辑主语I所处的状态。 ②过去分词 discouraged放在系动词become之后作表语，表示逻辑主语great thinkers的心理感受。 ③过去分词worried放在系动词look之后作表语，表示主语He的心理感受。 ④过去分词excited放在系动词be之后作表语，表示主语we的主观心理感受。 归纳总结 过去分词短语作表语时，可放在系动词be， get， feel， remain， seem， look， become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态或心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①—Are you sure you're ready for the test? —No problem. I'm well prepared (prepare) for it. ②We got a little sunburned/sunburnt (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. ③While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2)完成句子 ④Why do you always look tired? 你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ ⑤I was disappointed at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。 (二)过去分词(短语)作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态或特征，后面不接by短语，但可以接其他的介词；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作，后面常接by短语。 ①The cup is broken. 这个杯子是坏的。(过去分词作表语) ②The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态) 牛刀小试　(翻译并对比下列句子) ①这本书写得很好。 The book is well written. ②这本书是他去年写的。 The book was written by him last year. (三)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 常见的这类词有： We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 牛刀小试　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.(frighten) ②The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite) ③We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage) ④The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move) 二、过去分词(短语)作状语　 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的类型 语法感知 ①When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it interesting and rewarding. ②Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ＝Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching. ＝John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching. ③Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ④Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. ＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. ⑤She accepted the gift, deeply moved. ＝She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 发现 ①过去分词短语asked ...job作时间状语，可以在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 ②过去分词短语Absorbed in painting作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 ③过去分词短语Used with care作条件状语，可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 ④过去分词短语Defeated by his opponent作让步状语，有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 ⑤过去分词短语deeply moved作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。 归纳总结　 过去分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式或伴随、结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 牛刀小试 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Located (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays. ②Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. ③Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ④Completed (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. ⑤Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2)句型转换(用过去分词短语作状语) ⑥When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. →Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. ⑦Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. →Deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. ⑧If we were given more time, we could do it much better. →Given more time, we could do it much better. ⑨The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. →The president of the company came to the factory, followed by some workers. (二)过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher.(时间状语) 被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表达了感谢。 ②Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 ③The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (三)过去分词的独立主格结构作状语 过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。 Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。 牛刀小试 (用独立主格结构作状语改写句子) ①After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. →The lecture given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. ②The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries. →The factory produced many famous cars, none of them shipped to foreign countries. ③Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. →Extra money given to the poor, he felt very happy. (四)过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 ①Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 ②Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。　　 If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(√) 牛刀小试　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①Covering (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ②—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed (absorb) in his book. 单元写作——Write an email about a journey 本单元的写作任务是写一封旅游电子邮件，也就是以书信的形式写一篇旅游报告。旅游报告主要描写游览中的所见所闻以及所感。对于此类话题的文章可以按照以下几个步骤来写： 1．点明主题。简要介绍所游览的地方。 2．具体描述旅行的经历和见闻。描述时，应按照一定的时间、空间或逻辑顺序，这样可以使内容层次清晰。同时还应分清主次，详略得当，要突出最有特色、最感兴趣的事物。 3．描述自己的感受。既可以是旅游过程中对眼前景物的所思所想，也可以是所经历的人或事对自己的影响，但要与主题相呼应。 (一)课文模式提炼 (二)推荐模板 充盈语料库 1．be located in/at/between ...　　 位于…… 2．make a trip to ... 去……旅行 3．a feast for eyes 视觉盛宴 4．the good weather and breathtaking scenery 宜人的天气和令人惊叹的景色 5．an attractive place 一个吸引人的地方 6．from the view of ... 从……的观点来看 7．be open to the public 对公众开放 8．catch sight of 看到 (二)背写作佳句 1．常用开头句 ①Thank you so much for allowing me to go on this journey! 非常感谢您允许我踏上这段旅程！ ②After a tiring day, we finally arrived in the old country. 经过一天的劳累，我们终于到达了这个古老的国家。 2．常用中间句 ①Meanwhile, diverse customs and lifestyles of native peoples enabled us to have a deeper insight into our motherland and people. 同时，不同民族的风俗习惯和生活方式使我们对祖国和人民有更深入的了解。 ②Appreciating many famous scenic spots along the way, we were deeply impressed with the breathtaking scenery from Sichuan to Gansu. 沿途我们欣赏了许多著名的景点，从四川到甘肃的壮丽景色给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ③Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area. 坐落在山顶的寺庙见证了这个地区的许多变化。 ④It's very convenient to get there by taking buses No. 17, 59 or 69 besides Subway Line 2. 乘车到达那里很方便，可乘坐公共汽车17路、59路或69路以及地铁2号线。 ⑤Hangzhou has some top tourist attractions, which attract millions of visitors every year. 杭州有一些顶级的旅游景点，每年吸引数百万游客。 ⑥As is known to all, Mount Hua is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics. 正如大家所知道的，华山以它险峻的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。 ⑦It is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave. 这是一个你必须参观的地方，非凡的景色会让你不愿离开。 3．常用结束句 ①We were astonished by its beauty.It is well worth visiting. 我们震撼于它的美丽。它很值得参观。 ②It was an unforgettable trip and we all felt very happy and excited. This trip not only allowed me to relax and broaden my vision, but also enhanced the friendship between my classmates. 这是一次难忘的旅行，我们都感到非常高兴和兴奋。这次旅行不仅让我放松，开阔了视野，还增进了同学之间的友谊。 ③It has been a wonderful trip so far, and I am loving the city! 到目前为止，这是一次美妙的旅行，我爱这个城市！ 典例训练 假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1．交通出行； 2．必备衣物。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim， Yours， Li Hua 必背范文 Dear Jim， I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in China. I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I'll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities. Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you. Looking forward to your arrival. Yours， Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$