1-1-3 Unit 1 整体掌握 语法篇 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语—2019人教版高考英语必修第一册英语24字整体教学讲义 教师版+学生版

Unit 1 整体掌握 语法篇 2019人教版高考英语必修第一册 英语24字整体教学讲义 教师版 目 录 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 副词短语 基础巩固 透析语法 能力提升 突破考点 句子成分和简单句型 在高中阶段,常见的短语形式有:名词短语(Noun Phrase)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)、介词短语(Preposition Phrase)及动词短语(Verb Phrase)等。本单元只讲解前三种形式。 I. 名词短语(Noun Phrase或NP) 名词短语, 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有: (1)限定词+名词,如the girl; my bag (2)限定词+形容词(短语)+名词,如a beautiful girl; his new jacket (3)限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语,如a beautiful campus of my school (4)限定词+描述性名词+名词,如my school life 【名师点津】 1. 限定词包括: 定冠词 a, an, the 指示代词 this, that, these, those等 物主代词 my, your, his, her, our, their等 不定代词 some, no, neither, both等 数词 one/two/first/second等 2.名词前的多个形容词排序口诀: 限定描绘大长高; 形状年龄和新老; 颜色国籍跟材料; 作用类别往后靠。 说明: 1. 限定词: 表示位于各类形容词之首的 前位限定词: all, both, half, such等; 中位限定词: a, the, every, each, either, enough等; 后位限定词: few, same, many, less, least等。 2. 描绘类: 表示事物的性质或人的观点的词 如: cold, great, kind, beautiful, interesting等。 3. 形状类: 表示大小、高矮、长短等 如: big, small, large, long, round等。 4. 时间类: 表示新旧、年龄、长幼等。 如: new, old, senior, junior等。 5. 颜色类: 表示事物的颜色的词。 如: red, blue, green, yellow等。 6. 出处类: 表示事物的产地、国籍、来源等 如: Chinese, Japanese, German等。 7. 材料类: 表示物质、材料、质地等 如: wooden, stone, milk, steel等。 8. 用途类: 表示事物的用途 如: medical, police, writing等。 II. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP) 形容词短语,是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词,可以修饰名词或代词,还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有: (1)副词+形容词,如very suitable (2)形容词+副词,如good enough (3)形容词+介词短语,如good for nothing (4)副词+形容词+介词短语,如well worthy of praise ①Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间大且美丽。 (形容词短语large and beautiful 的构成形式为:形容词+and+形容词,该短语在句中作表语) ②The most beautiful bird I have ever seen is the peacock.我见过的最漂亮的鸟是孔雀。 (形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird) ③A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。 (形容词短语really happy的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作宾语补足语) ④Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.又冷又饿,他停止工作回家了。(形容词短语cold and hungry的构成形式为:形容词+and+形容词,该短语在句中作状语) ⑤The little boy is old enough to go to school.这个小男孩已经到了上学的年龄。(形容词短语old enough的构成形式为:形容词+副词, 该短语在句中作表语) III. 副词短语(AdvP)(Adverbial Phrase) 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。 1. 副词短语的组成 副词+副词 注意:very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时,放在所修饰的副词之前;enough修饰副词时,放在所修饰的副词之后。 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?你说得太快了,你能说慢一点儿吗? You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚,我能听懂。 2. 副词短语的功能 1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。 2.修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.大火蔓延得太快了。 4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是,我们获得了比赛的第一名。 总之,短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。 基础巩固 透析语法 . 写出画线处的短语类型 1. We have a much better life now. (NP) 2. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. (AdvP) 3. She types quickly and correctly. (AdvP) 4. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors. (AdjP) 5. Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area. (AdjP) 6. The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world! (NP) 7. Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. (AdvP) 8. It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value. (NP) 9. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. (AdjP) 10. He can finish that much quicker. (AdvP) . 按要求找出下列句子中的短语并画线 1. The teacher speaks clearly enough. (AdvP) 2. He put a small amount of sugar in the coffee. (NP) 3. They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry. (AdjP) 4. A great deal of money is spent on research. (NP) 5. I think he is a man suitable for the job. (AdjP) 6. Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by. (NP) 7. You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that. (AdjP) 8. Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident. (NP) 9. She plays the piano very well. (AdvP) 10. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. (AdjP) 能力提升 突破考点 I.用括号里的短语回答问题。 1. How soon do you think you'll finish your homework? (pretty soon) 2. What do you think of your new teachers? (very nice and patient) 3. How many clubs have you joined this year? (two clubs) 4. How well does Rita play the violin? We need a new violinist in our music club. (quite well) 5.What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting) 1.I'll finish my homework pretty soon. 2. My new teachers are very nice and patient. 3. I have joined two clubs. 4. She plays the violin quite well. 5. The advanced literature course is too difficult but very interesting. II.Joyce写好了一个草稿,用名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语帮助她润色这篇文章,增添更多信息。 Cheerleader Try-outs I've always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practiced singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better, I'm not sure if I'll make the team or not. I've always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for my school's cheerleading team. It was really hard. First,... I' ve always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for my school's cheerleading team. It was really hard. First, we had to dance to the strong beat of music. The dance teacher showed us how to move very energetically, and we tried very hard. Second, we practice singing an inspiring song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered very happily. I think I did quite well, but the other girls were even better. I'm not quite sure if I'll make the cheerleanding team or not. III.了解多个形容词作定语 多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如:a beautiful big round new black Russian wooden table (1) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white (2) _ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 1、B 解析: 按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。 2、A 解析:数词是限定词,应排在形容词前,排除C和D;又strong是描绘,young是年龄,Chinese是国籍,其先后应为“描绘+年龄+国籍”。 IV.画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式 (1).Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. _ (2).The road is long enough. _ (3).The medicine is good for stomach. _ Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 构成形式:副词+and+副词+名词 The road is long enough. 构成形式:副词+enough The medicine is good for stomach.构成形式:形容词+介词短语 V.将下列短语按照类型进行归类: a really big challenge a little confusing very carefully the school advisor a very difficult language quite difficult much more carefully far too fast all the subjects a senior high school student my advanced course strong enough 名词短语:_ 形容词短语:_ 副词短语:_ 名词短语:a really big challenge; the school advisor; a very difficult language; all the subjects; a senior high school student; my advanced course 形容词短语:a little confusing; quite difficult; strong enough 副词短语: very carefully; far too fast; much more carefully 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 整体掌握 语法篇 2019人教版高考英语必修第一册 英语24字整体教学讲义 教师版 目 录 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语 ◆ 名词短语 ◆ 形容词短语 副词短语 ◆ 副词短语 ◆ 基础巩固 透析语法 ◆ 能力提升 突破考点 句子成分和简单句型 在高中阶段，常见的短语形式有：名词短语(Noun Phrase)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)、介词短语(Preposition Phrase)及动词短语(Verb Phrase)等。本单元只讲解前三种形式。 I. 名词短语(Noun Phrase或NP) 名词短语， 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有： (1)限定词＋名词，如the girl; my bag (2)限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词，如a beautiful girl; his new jacket (3)限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，如a beautiful campus of my school (4)限定词＋描述性名词＋名词，如my school life 【名师点津】 1． 限定词包括： 定冠词 a, an, the 指示代词 this, that, these, those等 物主代词 my, your, his, her, our, their等 不定代词 some, no, neither, both等 数词 one/two/first/second等 2．名词前的多个形容词排序口诀: 限定描绘大长高; 形状年龄和新老; 颜色国籍跟材料; 作用类别往后靠。 说明: 1. 限定词: 表示位于各类形容词之首的 前位限定词: all, both, half, such等; 中位限定词: a, the, every, each, either, enough等; 后位限定词: few, same, many, less, least等。 2. 描绘类: 表示事物的性质或人的观点的词 如: cold, great, kind, beautiful, interesting等。 3. 形状类: 表示大小、高矮、长短等 如: big, small, large, long, round等。 4. 时间类: 表示新旧、年龄、长幼等。 如: new, old, senior, junior等。 5. 颜色类: 表示事物的颜色的词。 如: red, blue, green, yellow等。 6. 出处类: 表示事物的产地、国籍、来源等 如: Chinese, Japanese, German等。 7. 材料类: 表示物质、材料、质地等 如: wooden, stone, milk, steel等。 8. 用途类: 表示事物的用途 如: medical, police, writing等。 II. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP) 形容词短语，是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有： (1)副词＋形容词，如very suitable (2)形容词＋副词，如good enough (3)形容词＋介词短语，如good for nothing (4)副词＋形容词＋介词短语，如well worthy of praise ①Your room is large and beautiful．你的房间大且美丽。 (形容词短语large and beautiful 的构成形式为：形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作表语) ②The most beautiful bird I have ever seen is the peacock.我见过的最漂亮的鸟是孔雀。 (形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为：副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird) ③A good friend is someone who makes you really happy．好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。 (形容词短语really happy的构成形式为：副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语) ④Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.又冷又饿，他停止工作回家了。(形容词短语cold and hungry的构成形式为：形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语) ⑤The little boy is old enough to go to school.这个小男孩已经到了上学的年龄。(形容词短语old enough的构成形式为：形容词＋副词， 该短语在句中作表语) III. 副词短语（AdvP）（Adverbial Phrase） 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。 1. 副词短语的组成 副词+副词 注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？ You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。 2. 副词短语的功能 1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。 2.修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.大火蔓延得太快了。 4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。 总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 写出画线处的短语类型（NP, AdjP, AdvP） 1. We have a much better life now. ( ) 2. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. ( ) 3. She types quickly and correctly. ( ) 4. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors. ( ) 5. Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area. ( ) 6. The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world! ( ) 7. Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. ( ) 8. It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value. ( ) 9. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. ( ) 10. He can finish that much quicker. ( ) Ⅱ. 按要求找出下列句子中的短语并画线 1. The teacher speaks clearly enough. ( ) 2. He put a small amount of sugar in the coffee. ( ) 3. They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry. ( ) 4. A great deal of money is spent on research. ( ) 5. I think he is a man suitable for the job. ( ) 6. Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by. ( ) 7. You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that. ( ) 8. Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident. ( ) 9. She plays the piano very well. ( ) 10. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. ( ) 能力提升 突破考点 I．用括号里的短语回答问题。 1. How soon do you think you'll finish your homework? (pretty soon) 2. What do you think of your new teachers? (very nice and patient) 3. How many clubs have you joined this year? (two clubs) 4. How well does Rita play the violin? We need a new violinist in our music club. (quite well) 5.What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting) II．Joyce写好了一个草稿，用名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语帮助她润色这篇文章，增添更多信息。 Cheerleader Try-outs I've always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practiced singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better, I'm not sure if I'll make the team or not. I've always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for my school's cheerleading team. It was really hard. First,... III．了解多个形容词作定语 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：a beautiful big round new black Russian wooden table (1) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _____car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white (2) ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese IV．画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式 (1).Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. ____________________________________________________________________________________ (2).The road is long enough. __________________________________________ (3).The medicine is good for stomach. ____________________________________________________________________________________ V．将下列短语按照类型进行归类： a really big challenge a little confusing very carefully the school advisor a very difficult language quite difficult much more carefully far too fast all the subjects a senior high school student my advanced course strong enough 名词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________ 形容词短语：___________________________________________________________________________ 副词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$