精品解析：北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷

海淀区2024年高二年级学业水平调研 英语 2024.07 本试卷共8页，共四大部分，57道小题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，18分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. When will the speakers have the meeting? A. At 9 o’clock. B. At 11 o’clock. C. At 12 o’clock. 2. What service does the man request? A. Room service. B. A wake-up call. C. Checking out. 3. Which type of movies does the woman prefer? A. Thrillers. B. Romances. C. Documentaries. 4. What is the man doing? A. Checking the flight number. B. Looking for the boarding gate. C. Asking about airport facilities. 第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。 5. What activity will the two speakers join in? A. Sports games. B. Music festivals. C. Cooking competitions. 6. Where can the speakers get the form? A. In the library. B. In the head teacher’s office. C. In the music hall. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。 7. What makes the man feel down lately? A. Failing the exams. B. Losing confidence. C. Performing badly in the drama. 8. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Pay attention to outcomes. B. Practise to be perfect. C. Focus on the progress. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。 9. What is the man doing? A. Making a complaint. B. Canceling a tour. C. Seeking for advice. 10. What will the man probably decide to do? A. Take a hiking trip. B. Ride in a hot air balloon. C. Co on a mountain biking tour. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。 11. What is the aim of the Tech Festival? A. To guide students to apply technology to real life. B. To help students keep up with the latest innovation. C. To show students’ technological talents and creativity. 12. What can students do in the coding competition? A. Judge others’ creation. B. Develop an application. C. Report real-life problems. 第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分） 听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 Tips on How to Plan a Party Set up a board games table ■ 13 a table where you can lay out all of your board games ■ Offer a variety of games Set up a DIY 14 booth ■ Use a large piece of paper or 15 as a background ■ Add a banner that has the name of the graduate’s school and the year Give a graduation party toast ■ Speak to the 16 strengths and accomplishments ■ Use a favorite quote 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When most teenagers his age are preparing for competitive exams or training to be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decides to chart his own route for success. At the age of 10, his class ____1____ a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads. His mom suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mom, the baked goods market is going to be totally oversaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last long. We need to make something ____2____.” So he pulled out his mom’s old button machine and made buttons. When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the ____3____ of Buttonsmith, a retail company which now has over 10,000 products available. Along with his regular schooling, Burner played a large role in the company’s strategic decision making and ____4____ his breaks and weekends working on the company. Buttonsmith started from the farmer’s market before going online and____5____, developing its own website. After going online, Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people, and that was a (n) ____6____ point. Since then he has greatly ____7____ product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world. Starting with buttons, the company has diversified its product ____8____ and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. To stay ahead of competitors, Burner has optimized Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being ____9____ and makes sure the products are in the customers’ hands within two days. After creating an impressive retail company at home, Buttonsmith is strategizing to spread its _____10_____to other countries. “I love being an entrepreneur.” concluded Burner. 1. A. ran B. spotted C. decorate D. swept 2. A. portable B. durable C. stable D. flexible 3. A. mission B. advantage C. initiation D. performance 4. A. killed B. invested C. balanced D. delayed 5. A. hesitantly B. frequently C. eventually D. accidentally 6. A. crucial B. temporary C. regular D. urgent 7. A. slid B. poured C. packed D. expanded 8. A. costs B. sizes C. offerings D. supplies 9. A. placed B. deleted C. tracked D. shipped 10. A. research B. wishes C. taste D. roots 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁是记叙文。通过叙述主人公Henry Burner克服阅读障碍，从一个学校交易活动出发，创立并发展Buttonsmith公司的经历，展示了个人奋斗、创新思维和企业成长的过程。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他10岁的时候，他的班级经营了一个交易站，学生们在那里用硬币买卖商品。A. ran经营；B. spotted发现；C. decorated装饰；D. swept扫除。根据后文的“a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads.”可知，此处指班级内部进行的一种商业活动，他的班级经营了一个交易站。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做一些持久的东西。A. portable便携的；B. durable持久的；C. stable稳定的；D. flexible灵活的。根据前文的“Few students make things that last long.”可知，亨利想要制作持久耐用的商品。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是Buttonsmith的起源，现在这家零售公司已经有超过1万种产品上市。A. mission使命；B. advantage优势；C. initiation起源；D. performance表演。根据前文的“When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?””可知，这里指的是Buttonsmith公司的开始或者起源。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了正常的学业，伯纳还在公司的战略决策中发挥了重要作用，并投入休息时间和周末为公司工作。A. killed杀死；B. invested投资，投入；C. balanced平衡；D. delayed延迟。根据后文的“his breaks and weekends working on the company.”可知，此处表示他将个人时间投入到公司工作中。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Buttonsmith从农贸市场起步，之后转到线上，最终开发了自己的网站。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. frequently频繁地；C. eventually最终；D. accidentally偶然地。根据后文的“developing its own website”可知，此处应填入表示最后结果的副词，表示最终开发了自己的网站。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在线销售后，Buttonsmith的销售额显著上升，达到了数百万人，这是一个关键点。A. crucial关键的；B. temporary临时的；C. regular常规的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文的“Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people,”和后文的“Since then he has greatly ____7____ product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world.”可知，销售额的大幅提升，极大地扩展了产品线，对于公司来说是一个关键性的转折点。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他极大地扩展了产品线，推出了许多让人们能够向世界表达自我的可负担高质量产品。A. slid滑动；B. poured倾倒；C. packed打包；D. expanded扩展。根据后文的“product lines into many affordable high quality products”可知，此处指产品线的增加和多样化，因此“扩展”最符合语境。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从纽扣开始，公司已经多样化其产品供应，目前提供狗项圈、牵引绳、名片、横幅等。A. costs成本；B. sizes尺寸；C. offerings供应，产品；D. supplies物资。根据前文的“the company has diversified its product”和后文的“and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc.”可知，这里指的是公司提供的产品种类，所以使用“供应”最为合适。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了领先于竞争对手，伯纳优化了Buttonsmith，使得订单被下单后几分钟内就能生产出定制产品。A. placed放置，下单；B. deleted删除；C. tracked跟踪；D. shipped运输。根据前文的“Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being”可知，此处指客户下单后快速生产。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国内创建了一家令人印象深刻的零售公司后，Buttonsmith正在制定战略，将其根基扩展到其他国家。A. research研究；B. wishes愿望；C. taste品味；D. roots根源，根基。根据后文的“to other countries.”可知，这里指公司业务或影响范围的扩大，Buttonsmith正在将其根基扩展到其他国家。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分. 共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Giant panda Fu Bao arrived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province on April 3rd, 2024 after living in South Korea for over 3 years. Large screens were lit up ____11____ (welcome) Fu Bao home. These large screen advertisements ____12____ (purchase) by dozens of fans. Fu Bao is the first giant panda born in South Korea and a successful case of overseas breeding. Since the 1990s, China ____13____ (conduct) giant panda conservation cooperation and research with institutions in other countries. Currently, there are a local of 49 giant pandas abroad. 【答案】11. to welcome 12. were purchased##had been purchased 13. has conducted##has been conducting 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章讲述了大熊猫“福宝”从韩国返回中国四川成都的具体事件，包括日期、欢迎方式、熊猫的特殊身份，以及中国在大熊猫保护合作方面的概况。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了欢迎福宝回家，大型屏幕被点亮。本句谓语为were lit up ，此处为非谓语动词，本空用welcome“欢迎”的不定式to welcome，作目的状语。故填to welcome。 【12题详解】 考查时态、语态。句意：这些大型屏幕广告是由数十名粉丝购买的。本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，主语screens“屏幕”与动词purchase“购买”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。也可以理解为：purchase发生在were lit up之前，句子时态用过去完成时，主语screens与动词purchase之间是被动关系，因此使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填were purchased/had been purchased。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中国一直在与其他国家的机构开展大熊猫保护合作与研究。由时间状语Since the 1990s可知，conduct“实施”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态用现在完成时，主语China为第三人称单数，助动词用has。句子时态也可用现在完成进行时，表示conduct“实施”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且还将持续下去。故填has conducted或has been conducting。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors, and self-driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. ____14____ they can do is to keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic violations and fines can be avoided, ____15____ can help save costs. Drivers also benefit from the ____16____ (integrate) of AI technology during long trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care of driving. 【答案】14. What 15. which 16. integration 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大约90%的交通事故是由人为失误造成的，而带有人工智能的自动驾驶汽车旨在解决这一问题，让司机可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。 【14题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：他们所能做的不是通过战略驾驶和安全驾驶来保持车辆硬件的健康。该空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这样，可以避免交通违规和罚款，这可以帮助节省成本。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：在长途旅行中，司机也受益于人工智能技术的整合，因为他们可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。作介词from的宾语，应用名词integration，不可数。故填integration。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As summer vacation approaches, study tours of primary and middle school students have become popular. ____17____ (absorb) in academic studies at school, students are left with little room for activities such as practical labor or hands-on experience. During the study tours, they come ____18____ groups to major attractions, museums and farms to learn while sightseeing. Educational trips offer students precious ____19____ (opportunity) to become more independent. By ____20____(engage) in independent living and problem solving with peers, students can learn to navigate real-life situations. 【答案】17. Absorbed 18. in 19. opportunities 20. engaging##being engaged 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍游学越来越受欢迎以及原因。 【17题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：在学校里，学生们全神贯注于学术研究，几乎没有什么活动空间，比如实际劳动或实践经验。短语be absorbed in，意为“全神贯注于”，本句已有谓语动词are left，这里用非谓语动词absorbed，句首单词首字母大写，故填Absorbed。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：在游学期间，他们成群结队地来到主要景点、博物馆和农场，一边观光一边学习。短语in groups，意为“成群结队地”，符合句意，故填in。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：教育旅行为学生提供了变得更加独立的宝贵机会。设空处为宾语，应用名词opportunity，泛指，应用复数形式，故填opportunities。 【20题详解】 考查动名词。句意：通过参与独立生活和与同龄人一起解决问题，学生可以学会驾驭现实生活。介词By后，应用动名词作宾语，故填engaging/being engaged。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，32分） 第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When facing the task of deciding your major, you should remember that the decision you make doesn’t mean you are only destined for one path. QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION ●Do I have a career in mind? Although your major does not necessarily dictate your career, some jobs do require a certain field of study. If you have your future career in mind, do your research and find out the education requirements. If you are at a loss with what you want to do, go ahead and research different career fields. A certain job might pique your interest, and that could prompt you to pick a certain major. ●How much does money matter? Some majors do have higher potential earnings than others. If earning a lot of money is a primary goal for you, search for majors that pay off well. Feel free to reach out to the Career Center for more information on higher-earning majors and careers. ●What do I love to do? If you love what you study, you will be more likely to pay full attention to your classes. which will probably lead to better grades and valuable connections in the field. Also you will find your college years more fulfilling if you cultivate your passion! TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU ●Explore different courses! Don’t take random free electives just to meet the credit requirement for graduation. Explore different subjects! By branching out of what you know, you may discover an unexpected aptitude for sport management, or realize that you love psychology! Maybe an elective course could lead you to your major. ●Meet with a CDC staff member! Your Career Development Center (CDC) is eager to help you! Meet with a peer Career Ambassador to talk about your career goals and the options for you. Also consider scheduling an appointment with a professional staff member to discuss potential career paths, internships (实习), and more! ●Utilize the CDC’s online resources! CDC offers many online resources for self-assessment and career search. We make recommendations for majors and careers based on your answers! See page 6 for more details of what we have to offer! 21. If you don’t know what to choose as your future career, you need to ______. A. cultivate a related hobby B. aim for well-paid jobs C. consider the education requirements D. investigate different fields 22. According to the passage, CDC could ______. A. give major-related advice B. establish internship programmes C. define your future career goals D. select an elective course for you 23. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A research paper. B. A commercial post. C. A college brochure. D. A recruitment notice. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要为面临专业选择的学子提供指导和建议，包括自我反思的问题、探索兴趣的技巧，以及利用学校职业发展中心资源的方法。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Do I have a career in mind?部分中“If you are at a loss with what you want to do, go ahead and research different career fields. (如果你不知道自己想做什么，那就去调查不同的职业领域)”可知，如果你不知道选择什么作为你未来的职业，你需要调查不同领域。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Meet with a CDC staff member!部分中“Your Career Development Center (CDC) is eager to help you! Meet with a peer Career Ambassador to talk about your career goals and the options for you. Also consider scheduling an appointment with a professional staff member to discuss potential career paths, internships (实习), and more! (您的职业发展中心（CDC）渴望帮助您！与同行的职业大使见面，谈谈你的职业目标和你的选择。也可以考虑与专业人员预约，讨论潜在的职业道路、实习机会等等！)”和Utilize the CDC’s online resources!部分中“CDC offers many online resources for self-assessment and career search. We make recommendations for majors and careers based on your answers! (CDC为自我评估和求职提供了许多在线资源。我们会根据你的回答为你推荐专业和职业！)”可知，CDC能够给出与专业相关的建议。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When facing the task of deciding your major, you should remember that the decision you make doesn’t mean you are only destined for one path. (当你面临选择专业的任务时，你应该记住，你所做的决定并不意味着你注定要走一条路)”和文章最后一段“CDC offers many online resources for self-assessment and career search. We make recommendations for majors and careers based on your answers! See page 6 for more details of what we have to offer! (CDC为自我评估和求职提供了许多在线资源。我们会根据你的回答为你推荐专业和职业！请参阅第6页，了解我们所提供的更多细节！)”可知，文章主要是为面临专业选择的学子提供指导和建议，这段文字可能来自一本大学宣传册。故选C。 B Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 “forever chemicals” that can seep into what we eat. a new study finds. And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. “It’s not clear why the latter chemicals, which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s author Birgit Geueke. The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoronlkyl substances (PFASs), which are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down readily in the environment or in the body. That’s because their characteristic carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature. For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease. Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs. PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk, drinking water, soil and other startling places around the world. Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer. reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. “There’s an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm,” says Andrews. Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging. Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study. Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.” Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class—a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups. There are more than 12,000 known PFASs, and scientists don’t know much about most of them. “Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.” 24. What can we learn about PFASs from the passage? A They are able to resist water and grease. B. They last long and never break down. C. They contain the longest chemical bond. D. They are mainly used for food packaging. 25. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ______. A. the potential usage of the unknown impurities B. the authorization of food packaging chemicals C. the likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals D. the possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs 26. The words on the webpage in Paragraph 5 may show that ACC ______. A. has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products B. agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs C. has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs D. supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity 27. Which would Geueke probably agree with? A. Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs. B. Food packaging alternatives should be explored. C. The chemicals in food packaging should be listed. D. Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种“永久化学物质”，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease.(几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs.( Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的。非营利环保组织的化学家和毒理学家戴维·安德鲁斯认为，可能是在生产授权化学品的过程中出现了未知的杂质，或者是授权的全氟辛醚随着时间的推移而降解。这类化学物质包括许多长链分子，它们可以分解成不同类型的PFASs的短链)”可知，第3段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study. Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.”(化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理。在发表这项新研究之前。《科学美国人》联系了美国化学理事会。一家化学工业行业协会对此表示关注，但该组织没有回复。在其专用的PFAS网页，行政协调会上指出，“并非所有PFASs都是相同的。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”)”可知，网页上第5段的文字可能表明，行政协调会同意化学工业代表对全氟辛烷磺酸的看法。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.”(Geueke说：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法。”)”可知，Geueke认同应探索替代食品包装。故选B。 C A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology”. Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset resonates (产生共鸣) with the Silicon Valley dictate — usually credited to Mark Zuckerberg — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? The WEF meeting took place just a fortnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped down after complaints were made about her scholarship. Gay’s troubles came on the heels of the resignation of Stanford University President Mare Tessier-Lavigne, after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had “multiple problems”. In response. Gay requested corrections to several of her papers; Tessier-Lavigne requested retraction (撤回) of three of his. Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are, it’s hard to imagine that the spectacle of high-profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly. In recent years we’ve seen important papers written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods. In one interesting case, Frances H. Arnold of the California Institute of Technology, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question: Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right? The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. Due to the fact that the existing system has created a counterincentive to advancement in science, a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity. Good science takes time. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA molecule and suggestion that it might be involved in inheritance and the elucidation of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologist and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship (papers, but it also suggests that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researched may need to slow down — not speed up — if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 28. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. Tessier-Lavigne resigned from Sandford after Gay stepped down. B. Gay gave back her scholarships due to students’ complaints. C. Faster scientific development has led to climate change. D. Public trust in science may have already been shaken. 29. Why is the example of Frances H. Arnold mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To question the works of Nobel Prize winners. B. To show the practice of paper retraction is common. C. To indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush. D. To highlight scientists’ quality of honesty in academia. 30. The underlined word “counterincentive” in Paragraph 5 refers to a (n) ______ factor. A. unfair B. indecisive C. discouraging D. irrational 31. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Danger of Fast Science B. The Battle between Quality and Quantity C. The Crisis among Top Scientists D. The Principle behind Research Assessments 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are, it’s hard to imagine that the spectacle of high-profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly.(虽然可能无法确定这些问题到底有多普遍，但很难想象，高调的学者纠正和撤回论文的场面没有对公众对科学的信任产生负面影响，甚至可能对专家产生广泛的影响)”可知，公众对科学的信任可能已经动摇了。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods. In one interesting case, Frances H. Arnold of the California Institute of Technology, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results—but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question: Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right?(近年来，我们看到一些由杰出科学家撰写并发表在知名期刊上的重要论文，因为数据或方法存在问题而被撤回。一个有趣的例子是，加州理工学院的Frances H. Arnold分享了2018年诺贝尔化学奖，当她的实验室无法复制她的结果时，她自愿撤回了一篇论文——但这篇论文已经发表了。在一次公开道歉中，她表示，提交论文时她“有点忙”，“没有做好我的工作”。Arnold的诚实令人钦佩，但这也提出了一个问题：在竞争激烈的大学里，学者们真的花时间做好自己的工作吗？)”可知，第四段提到了Frances H. Arnold的例子是为了表明即使是有影响力的科学家也很着急完成论文。故选C。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“to advancement in science, a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity”可知，正在进行重质量、轻数量的改革，说明现行制度对科学进步的作用令人沮丧。故划线词意思是“令人沮丧的”。故选C。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology”. Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster.(今年世界经济论坛会议的一个主题是人们认为有必要“加速研究和技术的突破”。其中一些框架是由气候紧急情况推动的，另一些是由可生成人工智能带来的机遇和挑战推动的。然而，在各种对话中，人们似乎理所当然地认为，要解决世界上的问题，科学研究需要加快步伐)”结合文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。可知，A选项“快速科学的危险”最符合文章标题。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分. 共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. ____32____ There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. ____33____ Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. ____34____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. ____35____ So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. ____36____ However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A. Pain is not fun to feel. B. Pain is a response to a stimulus. C. Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D. Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E. All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F. It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G. However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 【答案】32. F 33. E 34. D 35. G 36. A 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。 【32题详解】 由上文“Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bar e arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。 【33题详解】 由上文“There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 【34题详解】 由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 35题详解】 由上文“On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【36题详解】 由上文“Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“However, it is an important part of human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is not fun to feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25分） 第一节（共4小题；第53、54、55题各2分，第56题4分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges, Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School, Collin's stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, and she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 37. What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? _____________________________________________________________________________ 38. Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? _____________________________________________________________________________ 39. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. _____________________________________________________________________________ 40. Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】37. Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 38. Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 39. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 40. Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. 【解析】 【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述了Marva Collins作为一名教师的生涯，她的教育理念，以及她创立Westside Prep School的过程和成就。文章通过叙述她的教学实践、成就和影响，展现了她对教育的贡献和她作为教育者的形象。 【37题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. (当时，学校受到学术标准低下和学生行为不端的困扰。尽管有这些挑战。柯林斯决心帮助那些被贴上“困难”或“有风险”标签的学生。)”可知，柯林斯作为新教师面临的挑战包括学术水平低，学生行为不端的问题。故答案为：Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 【38题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. (学校为学生提供了一个安全、有教养的学习环境，学生可以在学业和社交方面茁壮成长，因此被认为是“学习的天堂”。)”可知，Prep School被认为是“学习的天堂”是因为它为学生提供了安全和培养的环境，使他们在学业和社会交往上都能茁壮成长。故答案为：Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 【39题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences.(她相信牢固的人际关系是有效教学的基础，因此她鼓励老师根据学生的个体差异进行个性化教学。)”可知，柯林斯实际上鼓励教师根据学生的个体差异个性化教学，而不是将学生视为一个没有差异的整体。该陈述：“为了实现有效教学，柯林斯鼓励她的教师与学生建立牢固的关系，并将他们作为一个整体来教学。”中错误的部分是“并将其作为一个整体来教学”，故答案为：To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 【40题详解】 开放性问题。Collins对纪律和勤奋的强调给我留下了最深刻的印象。它告诉我，成功来之不易，而是建立在奉献精神和个人努力之上的。这种信念在现实生活中至关重要，因为它塑造了性格，为实现目标铺平了道路。故答案为：Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. 第二节（15分） 41. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。2024年世界机器人大会（World Robot Conference）将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 申请理由； 2. 自身优势。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, a junior at Hongxing High School, and I am writing to apply for the position of English-speaking volunteer guide for the 2024 World Robot Conference in Beijing. I have a strong interest in robotics and believe this event will be an excellent opportunity to enhance my knowledge and skills in this field. My proficiency in English, both spoken and written, will enable me to effectively communicate with international participants. Additionally, I have previous experience volunteering at school events, which has honed my organizational and interpersonal skills. My passion for technology, combined with my dedication and enthusiasm, makes me a suitable candidate for this role. Thank you for considering my application I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to this exciting event. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。2024年世界机器人大会将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，要求考生按照要求用英文写一封申请信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 强烈的：strong→ intense 极好的：excellent→ fantastic 机会：opportunity→ chance 增进：enhance→ promote 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am Li Hua, a junior at Hongxing High School, and I am writing to apply for the position of English-speaking volunteer guide for the 2024 World Robot Conference in Beijing. 拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is a junior at Hongxing High School, and I am writing to apply for the position of English-speaking volunteer guide for the 2024 World Robot Conference in Beijing. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Additionally, I have previous experience volunteering at school events, which has honed my organizational and interpersonal skills.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to this exciting event.（运用了不定式短语to contribute to作后置定语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 海淀区2024年高二年级学业水平调研 英语 2024.07 本试卷共8页，共四大部分，57道小题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，18分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. When will the speakers have the meeting? A. At 9 o’clock. B. At 11 o’clock. C. At 12 o’clock. 2. What service does the man request? A. Room service. B. A wake-up call. C. Checking out. 3. Which type of movies does the woman prefer? A. Thrillers. B. Romances. C. Documentaries. 4. What is the man doing? A. Checking the flight number. B. Looking for the boarding gate. C. Asking about airport facilities. 第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。 5. What activity will the two speakers join in? A. Sports games. B. Music festivals. C. Cooking competitions. 6. Where can the speakers get the form? A. In the library. B. In the head teacher’s office. C. In the music hall. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。 7. What makes the man feel down lately? A. Failing the exams. B. Losing confidence. C. Performing badly in the drama. 8. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Pay attention to outcomes. B. Practise to be perfect. C. Focus on the progress. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。 9. What is the man doing? A. Making a complaint. B. Canceling a tour. C. Seeking for advice. 10. What will the man probably decide to do? A. Take a hiking trip. B. Ride in a hot air balloon. C. Co on a mountain biking tour. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。 11. What is the aim of the Tech Festival? A. To guide students to apply technology to real life. B. To help students keep up with the latest innovation. C. To show students’ technological talents and creativity. 12. What can students do in the coding competition? A. Judge others’ creation. B. Develop an application. C. Report real-life problems. 第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分） 听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 Tips on How to Plan a Party Set up a board games table ■ 13 a table where you can lay out all of your board games ■ Offer a variety of games Set up a DIY 14 booth ■ Use a large piece of paper or 15 as a background ■ Add a banner that has the name of the graduate’s school and the year Give a graduation party toast ■ Speak to the 16 strengths and accomplishments ■ Use a favorite quote 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When most teenagers his age are preparing for competitive exams or training to be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decides to chart his own route for success. At the age of 10, his class ____1____ a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads. His mom suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mom, the baked goods market is going to be totally oversaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last long. We need to make something ____2____.” So he pulled out his mom’s old button machine and made buttons. When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the ____3____ of Buttonsmith, a retail company which now has over 10,000 products available. Along with his regular schooling, Burner played a large role in the company’s strategic decision making and ____4____ his breaks and weekends working on the company. Buttonsmith started from the farmer’s market before going online and____5____, developing its own website. After going online, Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people, and that was a (n) ____6____ point. Since then he has greatly ____7____ product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world. Starting with buttons, the company has diversified its product ____8____ and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. To stay ahead of competitors, Burner has optimized Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being ____9____ and makes sure the products are in the customers’ hands within two days. After creating an impressive retail company at home, Buttonsmith is strategizing to spread its _____10_____to other countries. “I love being an entrepreneur.” concluded Burner. 1. A. ran B. spotted C. decorate D. swept 2. A. portable B. durable C. stable D. flexible 3. A. mission B. advantage C. initiation D. performance 4. A. killed B. invested C. balanced D. delayed 5. A. hesitantly B. frequently C. eventually D. accidentally 6. A. crucial B. temporary C. regular D. urgent 7. A. slid B. poured C. packed D. expanded 8. A. costs B. sizes C. offerings D. supplies 9. A. placed B. deleted C. tracked D. shipped 10. A. research B. wishes C. taste D. roots 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分. 共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Giant panda Fu Bao arrived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province on April 3rd, 2024 after living in South Korea for over 3 years. Large screens were lit up ____11____ (welcome) Fu Bao home. These large screen advertisements ____12____ (purchase) by dozens of fans. Fu Bao is the first giant panda born in South Korea and a successful case of overseas breeding. Since the 1990s, China ____13____ (conduct) giant panda conservation cooperation and research with institutions in other countries. Currently, there are a local of 49 giant pandas abroad. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors, and self-driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. ____14____ they can do is to keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic violations and fines can be avoided, ____15____ can help save costs. Drivers also benefit from the ____16____ (integrate) of AI technology during long trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care of driving. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As summer vacation approaches, study tours of primary and middle school students have become popular. ____17____ (absorb) in academic studies at school, students are left with little room for activities such as practical labor or hands-on experience. During the study tours, they come ____18____ groups to major attractions, museums and farms to learn while sightseeing. Educational trips offer students precious ____19____ (opportunity) to become more independent. By ____20____(engage) in independent living and problem solving with peers, students can learn to navigate real-life situations. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，32分） 第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When facing the task of deciding your major, you should remember that the decision you make doesn’t mean you are only destined for one path. QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION ●Do I have a career in mind? Although your major does not necessarily dictate your career, some jobs do require a certain field of study. If you have your future career in mind, do your research and find out the education requirements. If you are at a loss with what you want to do, go ahead and research different career fields. A certain job might pique your interest, and that could prompt you to pick a certain major. ●How much does money matter? Some majors do have higher potential earnings than others. If earning a lot of money is a primary goal for you, search for majors that pay off well. Feel free to reach out to the Career Center for more information on higher-earning majors and careers. ●What do I love to do? If you love what you study, you will be more likely to pay full attention to your classes. which will probably lead to better grades and valuable connections in the field. Also you will find your college years more fulfilling if you cultivate your passion! TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU ●Explore different courses! Don’t take random free electives just to meet the credit requirement for graduation. Explore different subjects! By branching out of what you know, you may discover an unexpected aptitude for sport management, or realize that you love psychology! Maybe an elective course could lead you to your major. ●Meet with a CDC staff member! Your Career Development Center (CDC) is eager to help you! Meet with a peer Career Ambassador to talk about your career goals and the options for you. Also consider scheduling an appointment with a professional staff member to discuss potential career paths, internships (实习), and more! ●Utilize the CDC’s online resources! CDC offers many online resources for self-assessment and career search. We make recommendations for majors and careers based on your answers! See page 6 for more details of what we have to offer! 21. If you don’t know what to choose as your future career, you need to ______. A. cultivate a related hobby B. aim for well-paid jobs C. consider the education requirements D. investigate different fields 22. According to the passage, CDC could ______. A. give major-related advice B. establish internship programmes C. define your future career goals D. select an elective course for you 23. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A research paper. B. A commercial post. C. A college brochure. D. A recruitment notice. B Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 “forever chemicals” that can seep into what we eat. a new study finds. And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. “It’s not clear why the latter chemicals, which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s author Birgit Geueke. The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoronlkyl substances (PFASs), which are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down readily in the environment or in the body. That’s because their characteristic carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature. For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticide s to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease. Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs. PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk, drinking water, soil and other startling places around the world. Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer. reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. “There’s an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm,” says Andrews. Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging. Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study. Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.” Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class—a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups. There are more than 12,000 known PFASs, and scientists don’t know much about most of them. “Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.” 24. What can we learn about PFASs from the passage? A. They are able to resist water and grease. B. They last long and never break down. C. They contain the longest chemical bond. D. They are mainly used for food packaging. 25. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ______. A the potential usage of the unknown impurities B. the authorization of food packaging chemicals C. the likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals D. the possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs 26. The words on the webpage in Paragraph 5 may show that ACC ______. A. has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products B. agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs C. has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs D. supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity 27. Which would Geueke probably agree with? A. Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs. B. Food packaging alternatives should be explored. C. The chemicals in food packaging should be listed. D. Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs. C A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology”. Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset resonates (产生共鸣) with the Silicon Valley dictate — usually credited to Mark Zuckerberg — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? The WEF meeting took place just a fortnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped down after complaints were made about her scholarship. Gay’s troubles came on the heels of the resignation of Stanford University President Mare Tessier-Lavigne, after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had “multiple problems”. In response. Gay requested corrections to several of her papers; Tessier-Lavigne requested retraction (撤回) of three of his. Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are, it’s hard to imagine that the spectacle of high-profile scholars correcting and retracting papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly. In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by prominent scientists and published in prestigious journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods. In one interesting case, Frances H. Arnold of the California Institute of Technology, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question: Are scholars at super competitive places really taking the time to do their work right? The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. Due to the fact that the existing system has created a counterincentive to advancement in science, a reform is underway urging an emphasis on quality over quantity. Good science takes time. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA molecule and suggestion that it might be involved in inheritance and the elucidation of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologist and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship (papers, but it also suggests that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researched may need to slow down — not speed up — if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 28. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A. Tessier-Lavigne resigned from Sandford after Gay stepped down. B. Gay gave back her scholarships due to students’ complaints. C. Faster scientific development has led to climate change. D Public trust in science may have already been shaken. 29. Why is the example of Frances H. Arnold mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To question the works of Nobel Prize winners. B. To show the practice of paper retraction is common. C. To indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush. D. To highlight scientists’ quality of honesty in academia. 30. The underlined word “counterincentive” in Paragraph 5 refers to a (n) ______ factor. A. unfair B. indecisive C. discouraging D. irrational 31. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Danger of Fast Science B. The Battle between Quality and Quantity C. The Crisis among Top Scientists D. The Principle behind Research Assessments 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分. 共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. ____32____ There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. ____33____ Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. ____34____ If we have an injury pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. ____35____ So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. ____36____ However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A Pain is not fun to feel. B. Pain is a response to a stimulus. C. Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D. Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E. All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F. It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G. However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25分） 第一节（共4小题；第53、54、55题各2分，第56题4分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges, Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School Collin's stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, and she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 37. What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? _____________________________________________________________________________ 38. Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? _____________________________________________________________________________ 39. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. _____________________________________________________________________________ 40. Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（15分） 41. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。2024年世界机器人大会（World Robot Conference）将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 申请理由； 2. 自身优势。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $