第05讲 介词和介词短语（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（黑龙江专用）

专题 05 介词和介词短语 中职高考英语一轮复习 1 考纲要求·考情分析 01 考点突破·考法探究 03 目 录 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 02 知识清单·网络构建 2 01 考纲要求·考情分析 3 根据考纲要求，掌握常用介词及其短语在具体语境中的用法、介词的词义辨析、介词与其他词类搭配辨析。 考纲要求 1．多数介词都有多重含义，因此在学习过程中，考生应注重多掌握、多积累、多总结、切勿望文生义。。 2．介词是英语中使用频率非常高的词类。中等职业教育对口升学考试考查介词的题型是单项选择，重点考查其地点、时间、方位等的用法。 3. 常考内容为介词与介词短语的用法或词义辨析。 考情分析 1. （2023春）We ' ll have a meeting the 21st of November . A . at B . in C . on D . to 解析：答案选 C。 题意：on 表示时间时，表示在（某一日子或日期），即具体的某一天。 the 21st of November意思是，十一月21日。因此选择C。 2.（2023春考）He often goes to the beach vacation with his friends in summer . A . by B . on C . in D . at 解析：B .on vacation 习惯用法，度假。on holiday，度假 on business 出差（在生意中） on，prep.基本含义：（表示被支撑）在…上；（表示粘贴或附着）在…上；在这几个短语中，含义为：（引出所进行的活动，特别是与旅行相关的活动）在…中； 02 考点突破·考法探究 8 1. 熟记介词的基本含义。 2.根据语境考查介词与名词，形容词，动词等的搭配。 3.。 4.。 备考策略 注意常考内容： 秘诀：记基础含义，背短语搭配 03 知识清单·网络构建 10 介词 1.介词总览 2.表示时间的介词 3. 表示地点、方位的介词 6.常用介词的固定搭配 4.表示方式的介词 5.其他常用介词（方法、原因、目的等） 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 介词集合 介词 例词 时间 in,on,at, since, for,by,before,after, during until 等 地点 in.on,at,next to, against,across ,through, by ,past along等 表示方向 in , to，towards， above , on ,over，below 和under ,for ,from...to , between ，among 等 表示方式、手段 with， by , in 表示原因、理由 of ，from ，by，for，at，because of thanks to thank for， 表示价格、比率 at ,by 介词的句法功能 介词是一种用来表示:词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词， 在句中不能单独作句子成分。 1 时间介词 in 年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚） in January /in Spring on 具体某一天，星期、节日 on January fifth/on Monday at 表示具体的时间点、 at 4:30 / at noon/ at Christmas ① the morning/afternoon/evening ② Christmas Day 2008 New Year's Day 2 days/weeks/years Sunday morning February My birthday ③ night six o’clock 　 in in in 　 in on on on on at at Let's try! 1. My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.  A. on  B. in  C. at  D. of  2. The train is starting___five minutes.  A. in  B. at  C. for  D.still    3.  Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.  A. on; to  B. at; in  C. by; of  D. at; on    4.  Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.  A. on; on  B. at; on  C. in; in  D. in; on  5. There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there?  -----No. We can have a game of table tennis.  A. on  B. in  C. out  D. up after 表示……之后 after school before 表示在...之前，强调先后顺序 Wash hands before dinner by 后接时间点，表示在…之前， Please reply to me by next Friday during 在...期间，后接时间段 during his childhood (1) He will come back two o’clock (2) They started six o ' clock . 他们在六点之前开始 （3） ten o’clock the end of （4） the summer after by by during before from 从某一时间点开始 from now on from … to… since 自…以后，自…以来 后接过去的时间点或一段时间+ago since 5 years ago for 表示动作的延续，后加一段时间 for a long time 1.He came here __ 1992, and he has lived here ___ 1992. A. in, for B. in , since C. since, since 2.I have known Li Lei __ over five years. A. in B. since C. for 地点介词 2 at 一般指小地方 at home at school at the station at +门牌， in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内 in the factory 　in the room 　 on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面” on the bus 　on the train on +楼层 That man is standing the bus stop. 那个人正站在公共汽车站。 the center of/ the middle of... 在... 中心/在... 中间 the subway/underground /train 在地铁上/在火车上 There is a book and a lamp the desk. 书桌上有一本书和一盏灯。 at in in on on in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内） to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外） on：与某一地区接壤的地方 Japan lies /is to the east of China. 日本位于中国东部。 Changchun lies/is in north of China 长春位于 中国的北部。 Russia lies/ is on the north of China. 俄罗斯位于中国的北部。 注：be /lie + in/on/to be located+ in/on/to ★表示地理位置的几种介词用法 Chang chun ★ 常见的方位介词 over指“正上方”,还有“覆盖”的含义（反义词under，“正下方”) above指“在上方”但不一定在正上方(反义词below,“在下方” ) ① B is over A. ② D is above C. There is a light over the table. The plane flew above the clouds. A B over C D above ★ 常见的方位介词 across through across是指从表面穿过 through则是指从物体内部穿过 ① We should go across the road carefully. 我们应该小心地过马路。 ② Three men went through the forest yesterday. 昨天有三个人穿过森林。 穿过 1. There is a bridge ______ the river . 2. There is a pen ______ the book. 3. It took the man 2 months to walk ______ the desert. 4. The third floor is ______ the sixth floor. 5. The sixth floor is ______ the third floof. river bridge 让我们思考一下 through over below above under between...and in front of next to/beside behind opposite ★ 常见的方位介词 in the front of A B 1. Millie sits ____________ me. Millie坐在我前面。 2. Amy sits _________ Millie ______Simon. Amy坐在Millie和Simon中间。 3. Kitty sits _____________ Sandy. Kitty坐在 Sandy旁边。 4. Kitty sits ___________ Simon. Kitty坐在 Simon后边。 5. The window is __________ the door. 窗户对着门。 6. The chalk is ______ the teacher’s desk. 粉笔在老师的桌子上。 in front of between and next to/beside behind opposite on Daniel says 3 方式介词 ① be made in metal in English ② with chopsticks with a pen ③ on the bus 　 on the train on the way in 用材料、语言、方式 in this way in Chinese with 用工具、某物 with our eyes with the money by 用方式、方法、手段 by+doing by means of By+交通方式：by car/bus/plane/trian by sending e-mails On 以...方式，交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用“on/in” on the phone in my car on my bike 其他介词 like 意为像... 一样， He talks to me like a teacher for 表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图 Lily went out for a walk just now. as 作为 ，以……身份”,后面接表示职业、职务、身份的名词 He is famous as a singer of 表示所属关系,意为..的，属于...的 This is a map of China. with 表示伴随，意为和.一起,穿,戴” I often play with my brother 其他介词 介词 用法 举例 against “靠着，倚着；对抗，反对” We played against Class 9 yesterday afternoon. about “关于，有关；大约，接近于” I’d like to buy a guide book about Beijing. off 表示“离开;脱离” Keep off the grass! without 表否定，“不，没有” She looked at me and smiled without a word. 动向介词across、over、 through、past 介词 用法 举例 across over through past across表示 “表面横过” over表示“越过，飞过” through表示 “内部穿过” past表示 “侧面经过” Be careful while walking across the street. Don’t forget to call me when walking past my house. The light goes into the room through the window. 介词辨析 介词 用法 举例 except besides but except指从整体中排除,意为 “除了…… (不包括在内)”,常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday except John. besides指 “除了……之外 (还有)”,常与also,other,another等连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday besides John. but表示 “除了……什么也没有”,多与nobody,nothing连用 There is nothing but a bed in the room. a blanket of 一层 a glass of 一杯 a great deal of 非常多，大量 a kind of 一种，一类 a lot of 许多 a number of 许多，若干 a pair of 一双 a variety of 各种各样的 neither .. nor ..既不……也不…… next to 靠近，紧挨着 介词短语与固定搭配汇总 according to 根据 after class 课后 as soon as possible 尽快地 as soon as 一……就…… as well as 既……也……， as well 也，又，同样的 as ... as 像……，如同 because of 因为 before long 不久，很快 instead of 用…代替，而不是… not so / as ..… as 不像…，不如 … of course 当然 at first 起初 at midnight 在午夜 at present 现在，目前 at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the end of 在……结尾，在……末端 at the same time 同时 by hand 用手，以手工 by means of 通过，用，借助于 by plane 乘飞机 by the way 顺便问一下 with best wishes 致以美好祝愿 with confidence 充满信心 with the help of ...在……帮助下 介词+名词 in a minute 一会儿，立刻 in addition 并且，另外 in anger 生气 in case of 如果，万一 in cash 现金付款 in class 课堂上 in fact 事实上 in favor of 支持，同意 in front of 在……前面 in great joy 兴高采烈地 in need 困难，需要 in order that 为了，以便 in person 亲自，亲身 in style 流行 in the following days 随后几天里 in total 总计，合计 on behalf of 为了……的利益；代表某人 on business 办事，出差 on earth 世上；终究，到底 on purpose 有意，故意地 on the left / right 在左边／右边 on time 按时，准时 on vacation 度假 on weekends 在周末 形容词+介词 be active in 在……中积极 be afraid of ...害怕，恐怕 be aware of 知道，意识到 be busy with 忙于…… be concerned about ..．关心 be determined to do sth .决心做某事 be different from 与……不同 be eager to 渴望要…… be famous for 因……而著名 be fond of 喜欢，爱好 be full of ...充满…… be glad to do sth .很高兴做某事 be good at 擅长 be good for 对……有好处，有益处 be in charge of 主管，负责 be in trouble 处于困境中 be kind to .…对……和蔼可亲 be located in ...位于，坐落于…… be looked down upon 被看不起 be made from / of / in ...由……制成 be popular with 受……欢迎 be proud of ...为……而感到自豪 be similar to .．与……相似 be tired of 厌烦，厌倦 be willing to 愿意，乐意 be worried about 担心，忧虑 动词+介词 agree on 意见一致 agree with 赞同 apply for 申请 consist of ..．由……组成 bring up 培养；提出 bring ... to ...引起，使成为 care for 喜欢，想要 care for 照顾，照料 carry on 继续，开展 come out 出来，出现；长出 come to oneself 苏醒过来， come up 上来，出现；长出来 compare to / with ..与……相比 die of ...死于 dress up 装扮起来 except for ..除……之外 fall down 倒下 far away 远距离，远方 give up 放弃 get to 到达 go through 搜索；穿过 grow up 成长 hang up 挂起来 hear from ...收到．…来信 get addicted to ...上瘾，痴迷于 get along 相处；进展get angry with 与……生气 get on with 与……相处get ready for ..．为……做好准备 get … into trouble 使…陷入困境 go for a ride 开车兜风 go in for 参加；喜欢go on to do 继续做另一件事 join in 加入，参加 keep on 继续，持续 lead to 导致 learn from 向……学习 leave for 动身前往 listen to 听 live with 与……一起生活 look at 看 look farward to 期盼，盼望 look for 寻找 look up 查找 make good use of 好好利用 make room for 给……腾出地方 make sure 确定，确信 make up one ' s mind 下决心 participate in 参加 pay attention ( to ）注意 pick up 搭载 play a part in 在……中起作用 play an important role in ...在……中起到重要作用 point at 指着 regard ... as 把……看作 relate to .…同……有关系，涉及 remind sb . of sth .使某人想起某事物 result from ...由……引起 set a good example to .…为……树立好榜样 set off 燃放；出发 show concern about ..．对……表示关心 show sb . around 带某人参观 spend ...( in ) doing ...花费……做某事 stay away from 离开，缺席 stay up late 熬夜 take part in 参与，参加 take sb . by the hand 抓住某人的手 take the place of 代替，接替 take ... out of 取出 think of 考虑，想起 think over 仔细考虑 throw ... away 扔掉…… wait for 等候，等待 thank ... for ...为……而感谢…. prepare for ..．为……做准备 thanks to ..．幸亏，多亏 used to 过去经常 try one ' s best to 竭尽全力，尽力 welcome to ..．欢迎到……来 share ... with 与……分享 something wrong with ………有毛病 talk with 与……谈话 turn on 打开 take on 承担，雇用 settle on 选定，确定 rely on 依靠 练习巩固：用适当的介词填空 1.We usually have lunch_____ noon. 2.Lin Tao was born______ February 18th. 3.We can do all things _______our hands. 4.Last month he worked_____ a teacher _____three weeks. 5 A:When did your uncle arrive ______ China? B: He got to Guangzhou _____the morning of the 16th of April. 6. Before going _________ the road, you should look left first and then right. 7.China lies ___the east of Asia and ___the north of Australia 8. I’m afraid he is _____ the cinema _____ the moment. 9.He often mistakes me _____ my brother 10 Walking in the countryside can remind me _____my childhood at on with as in in on across in at as of in to 1.Judie’s class was studying Chinese culture.One day,her teacher went into the classroom 　　　　 some kites. A.to B.in C.with D.by　 解析：句意：朱迪的班级正在学习中国文化。一天，她的老师拿着一些风筝走进教室。with在这里表示带着。 2.The sun shone　　　　 the window and left a tiny rainbow on the wall. A.beyond B.along C.through D.across 解析：阳光透过窗户，在墙上留下一道小彩虹。 A.beyond超越，在...之上 B.along沿着 C.through（从内部和in相关）穿过，透过 D.across（从表面，与on有关）跨越；越过；穿过； 　　　　 C 　　　　 C 3.Ms.Huang was very pleased because her husband and daughter bought a beautiful dress 　　　　her on her birthday. A.For B.from C.to D.of 解析：buy sth for sb，给某人买某物，习惯用法。句意：黄女士非常高兴，因为她的丈夫和女儿在她生日那天给她买了一条漂亮的裙子。 4.— I am hungry now.I came to school 　　　　breakfast this morning.  — You should get up early. A.for B.to C.at D.without 解析：句意：我饿了，今早我没吃早饭就上学了。你应该早起。 without表示没有。因为前文说I am hungry now.因此可知是没吃早饭。故选D。 A D 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 44 (一) 介词 表示时间 in 用在年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等名词前 on 在具体某天或具体某天的上午、下午、晚上 at 在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜等：at noon/six o'clock 后接时间段　 in in＋时间段，表将来，用how soon 提问 for for＋时间段，用how long 提问 after after＋时间段，常与过去时连用 表示时间 since since＋过去某时/过去时的句子，用how long 提问 表示方向 over, under 表垂直的上下关系 above，below 表不垂直的上下关系 45 介词用法搭配总结 表示范围 between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间 表示方位 in 境内/包含 to 不接壤/相离 on 接壤/ 相切 表示“像” as 相似 like 比喻 表示“除了” besides 加法 but ＝except except 减法 46 表示“通过” across 横穿 (从表面穿过) through 直穿 over 越过 表示行为对象 at 表攻击目标，有恶意：shout at to 表方向，无恶意：throw...to 表示原因 for be famous for因……而有名 表示方式 by by＋交通工具单数形式：by car/bus in in＋语言：in English with with＋具体工具：with a pen 47 (二) 介词考点 1．for和against互为反义词的用法： ①for意为“支持”； ②against意为“反对”。 It’s very important for parents to be for their kids forever. If you are against this point, you can express it directly. 2．with和without互为反义词的用法： ①with意为“有”； ②without意为“没有”。 With the help of the teachers, we have great progress in all our subjects. Without water people can’t live. 48 3．on 表时间时：用来表具体某一天的早上，下午，晚上或一般节日。 on the morning /afternoon /evening of... on Monday morning/afternoon/evening on a cold winter morning... 4．for的两个短语特殊含义： ①leave for意为“动身去某地”；②send for意为“派人去请”。 5．in the end, by the end of, at the end of 几个介词短语区别： ①in the end意为“最后”；②by the end of 意为“到……末”； ③at the end of 意为“在……尽头”。 49 6．be made of和 be made from的区别： ①be made of 物理变化(能看出原材料)； ②be made from 化学变化(看不出原材料)。 The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Paper is made from bamboos or wood. 纸是由竹子或木头制成的。 7．by的考点： by the time/by the end of＋过去某时，用于过去完成时。 by+doing 借由...方式 50 8．for sb./of sb在It’s ＋adj.＋of sb./for sb.＋to do sth.的句型中的用法 如果形容词修饰人的性格特征等，用of。 (clever/kind/nice/good /rude/ silly/ careful/wise) 如果形容词修饰物的特点，用for。 (easy/necessary/important/difficult/ possible / impossible) 51 考点一　时间介词 1．—I joined the League________　May,2009.What about you? —I've been a League member________three years. A．in; for B．on; in　 C．on; for 2．If you sit in a chair________a long time，your back may begin to hurt. A．at B．in　 C．for 3．—Oh，so many people in the park! —Nobody likes to stay at home________Sunday morning. A．in B．on　 C．at A C B 52 考点二　地点介词 1．John is standing________Gina and Jim. A．at B．during　 C．between 2．While I was standing________the window，I saw several boys running________the street. A．at; along B．on; at　 C．in; on 3．—Your coat looks very nice.What's it made________？ —Cotton，and it is made________　Wuhan. A．from; in B．of; in　 C．from; on C B 53 A 考点三　方式、手段、工具等介词 1．—How do you study for a test? —________ working with friends. A．By B．With C．On D.For　 2．I go to school________bus every morning. A．in B．on　 C．by D.at 3．________ the exam，we’ll say goodbye to our dear teachers，classmates as well as our beautiful school. A．In B．For　 C．After D.With A C C 54 4．It's very kind________you.Thank you for your help. A．of B．for　 C．to D.with 5．—Would you like to go to the cinema________me tonight? —Great！I'd love to. A．by B．to　 C．with D.for 6．John has made great progress in his study________the help of his classmates. A．by B．with　 C．without D.for 7．Most people are________building a paper factory near here，because they are worried the river will be polluted. A．for B．with　 C．against D.to A C B C 55 Thank You 56 $$