内容正文:
专题 04 形容词和副词
中职高考英语一轮复习
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考纲要求·考情分析
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考点突破·考法探究
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目 录
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课堂小结·查漏补缺
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知识清单·网络构建
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考纲要求·考情分析
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形容词和副词是词法的重点考核内容,是重要的考点之一。要求考生熟练掌握形容词和副词的基本用法,重点掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及句型。
考纲要求
1.最近几年职教高考中对于形容词及副词的考查占比较大,不仅是单选,阅读理解中也有部分考查。
2.常考内容为形容词词义辨析、副词的用法。
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较等级、最高级的基本用法及特殊用法。
考情分析
1. (2023春)This phone is than the other one .
A . much worse B . more worse C . much bad D . more bad
解析:答案选 A。
题意:这个电话比另一个糟糕的多。worse是bad的比较级,much修饰比较级worse,more是much的比较级,不能再修饰比较级worse,但是more+多音节形容词,构成多音节形容词的比较级。
2.(2021春考) you work, result you will get.
A.Harder, better B. The harder, the better
C. Much harder, more better D. More harder, the much better
解析:B .the+比较级.,the+比较级.越...,越...
题意:你学的越努力,你的成绩就会越好。
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考点突破·考法探究
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1. 根据语境考查形容词和副词的用法。
2.形容词副词原级比较。
3.形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成,用法和特殊句型。
4.以ing结尾和以ed结尾的形容词的用法。
备考策略 注意常考内容:
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知识清单·网络构建
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形容词
和副词
1.形容词副词的语法功能
2.形容词副词比较等级的构成
3. 形容词副词的原级
6.部分形容词副词的辨析
尤其是以ing结尾和以ed结尾的形容词的用法。
4.形容词副词的比较级的应用
5.形容词副词最高级的应用
1.单音节词
2.多音节词
3.不规则变化
1.as+原级+as
2.not+as/so+原级+as
1.比较级+than
2.比较级+the
3.比较级+and+比较级
4.the+比较级,the+比较级
5.可修饰比较级的词
1最高级的用法
2.比较级与最高级的转化
3.可修饰最高级的词
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
形容词的用法
用 法 例 句
She is a beautiful girl.
The book is very interesting.
We should keep the classroom clean .
状语 He spent seven days in the wind and snow , cold and hungry .
形容词的句法功能
形容词是修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征的词,一般翻译成“……的”。
作定语
作表语
作宾语补足语
副词的分类和功能
分类 功能举例(做状语)
时间副词 表示动作发生的时间,如now(现在)、yesterday(昨天)、soon(很快)。
地点副词 表示动作发生的地点,如here(这里)、there(那里)、outside(外面)。
方式副词 表示动作进行的方式,如slowly(慢慢地)、carefully(小心地)、well(好)。
程度副词 表示动作的程度,如very(非常)、quite(相当)、too(太)。
频率副词 表示动作发生的频率,如always(总是)、often(经常)、seldom(很少)。
副词的句法功能
副词是一种修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者全句的词类,它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等概念,并且能够增强句子的表达力和丰富性。
形容词副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:
原级、比较级、最高级。
意义:
原级指形容词和副词的原形;
比较级用来表示“较……”或“更……一些”;
最高级则表示“最……”
形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级的构成
情 况 词尾变化 例 词
一般情况 直接在词尾加-er, -est small→ smaller→smallest
规则变化(1)单音节词和部分双音节
以e结尾 加-r, -st nice→ nicer→ nicest
词尾是辅音字母+y 变y为i,再加
-er, -est easy→ easier→ easiest
词尾是一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→ bigger→ biggest
hot→ hotter→ hottest
(二)? 其他的呢?
直接在形容词、副词前+more、most.
部分双音节与多音节词的比较级最高级构成
部分双音节与多音节的词加more/most构成比较级/最高级
beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful
important more important the most important
常见不规则变化的形容词与副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
口诀助记:两 多 好 坏 一老 少 远
important ______________ _________________
easy___________________ ___________________
good________________ ____________________
hot __________________ ____________________
easily ________________ ____________________
many________________ ____________________
写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级
more important
most important
easier
easiest
better
best
hotter
hottest
more easily
most easily
more
most
18
注意
1.有些程度副词,如:quite,rather,very,so,too,enough等,与形容词或副词连用时具有“比较”的含义,这时句中的形容词或副词不能再用比较级;
2.句子中有表示程度的副词:a little,a bit , a lot , much, even , still , far等修饰时,形容词用比较级;
形容词副词的原级
1.as+形容词原形+as 和...一样
Tom is as tall as Mike. 汤姆和迈克一样高。
There are as many students in our school as yours.
我们学校的学生和你们学校一样多。
2.否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和… 不一样”
或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及/不如…
Tom is not as tall as Mike. 汤姆不和迈克一样高。
3. so+ 形容词原级+tha从句 such+名词+that从句 如此...以至于
He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door .
他太大了,以至于他不能从门口进入房间。
4. … too+原级+ to do sth. 太...以至于不能...
He is too young to join the army. 他太年轻了,不能参军。
5. 形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 足够...能...
This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.
这辆卡车足够大,可以载5吨货物。
1.两者之间的比较,句中有明显的标志词than
Tom is taller than John. 汤姆比约翰高。
2.Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ?
Which is easier, maths or English? 数学和英语哪个更容易?
形容词比较级的常用句型
3.… is the +比较级 + of the two.
Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是两个男孩中较高的一个。
4.…数量 + 比较级 than …
He is three years older than his brother.他比他哥哥大三岁。
5.比较级+ and + 比较级, “越来越…”
Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热
补充解释:
4.…数量 + 比较级 than …
比较级还可以用数词、倍数等词组修饰。
The mountain is 3 times higher than that one. 这座山比那座高三倍。
He is three years older than I. 他比我大三岁。
数词、倍数+as+原级形容词+as
A+be+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B表示A是B的几倍,如:
Dada is 3 times as tall as Xiaoxiao. Dada是Xiaoxiao身高的三倍
6.The + 比较级…,the + 比较级…
“越…,就越…”
The more , the better. 越多越好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多,你就越容易变胖
7.能修饰比较级的副词及短语,表示比较程度:much(…的多)、 a lot(…的多)、even(更…)、still(更…)、a bit/alittle(…一点儿),rather,(确实)far(…得多,)。
This city is much more beautiful than that one
Today is even hotter than yesterday.
助记口诀:
很多一点 5 个词,
甚至仍然和确实
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第二级
第三级
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第五级
比较级注意的问题
1.在比较状语从句中经常省略某些部分,但比较对象的成分不能省,
可数名词单数 用the one, 复数用the ones或those; 不可数名词,用that.
The roads in Beijing are wider than those in Guangzhou.
北京的道路比广州的宽。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Anhui.
北京的天气比安徽的天气冷。
2.比较必须在同类事物之间进行
正确:My hair is longer than yours.(yours=your hair)
错误:My hair is longer than you.
正确:My bag is different from his.
错误:My bag is different from he.
正确:Your dress is the same as mine.
错误:Your dress is the same as I.
正确:My dog is similar to Kangkang's.
错误:My dog is similar to Kangkang.
形容词最高级的常用句型
1.…one of the+最高级+名词复数
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
鲁迅是上个世纪最伟大的作家之一。
2.…最高级+of (in)…(三者及以上范围的)
Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
在所有的电影明星中,我认为章子怡是最好的。
3.This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句, 表示 “...看见过,听见过,做过的最...”
This is the worst film that I have seen these years. 这是我这些年看过的最烂的电影。
4.Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ?
Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?
月亮、地球和太阳,哪个最大?
5.the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + in/of
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
形容词最高级前面常用冠词the,
副词最高级前面,用不用冠词the皆可。
助记口诀:
最高级别好判断,都在of/in前面。
同类比较用of,范围比较in 常见
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第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
注意:
①最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如:
Which is the first most useful invention?
哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明?
②如果形容词最高级前有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格时,则不必加定冠词the。例如:
Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天是我最忙碌的一天。
中考英语专项复习 形容词和副词
比较级与最高级的转化
比较级表最……的含义.
A+谓语+比较级+than
any (other) +单名
(all )the (other )+ 复名
anything (else)
anyone (else)
+范围
“A比(其他)任何……都……”或
“A是……中最……的”
注意:当A在范围内比较时,必须加other/else;
当A不在范围内比较时,去掉other/else.
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than all the cities in Japan.
...than any other + 单数名词 + 范围 ...than the other + 复数名词 + 范围
Tom is the tallest boy in his class.
=Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
=Tom is taller than the other boys in his class.
= Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.
The coat is the most expensive in the store.
=The coat is more expensive than any other coat in the store.
=The coat is more expensive than the other coats in the store.
=The coat is more expensive than anything else in the store.
比较级与最高级的互换:
)( )
两个 as 之间原, 比较级别常接than;
最高级别好判断, 都在 of, in 前面;
同类比较用 of, 范围比较in 常见;
两个the加比较级难, 表示越...就越...要提前
比较级最高级用法口诀
exercise
1. Which does Jimmy like ,Chinese or Art?
A. well B. best C. better D. much
2. The Chang jiang River is one of in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers
C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
C
C
3. of the two women is Mrs Brown.
A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful
C.More beautiful D. The most beautiful
4. My mooncake is nicer his.
A. like B. with C. for D. than
5. Your bag is heavier than .
A. her B. his C. him D. she
B
D
B
6. He jumps of the three.
A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest
7. My hair is longer than .
A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D. Lucys’
C
C
8.The dumplings are than the noodles, I think.
A. more nicer B. much delicious
C. very nice D. much more delicious
9. The pen is than that one.
A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper
10.Tom speaks Chinese better than Jimmy.
A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much
D
C
A
常考易混形容词辨析 ① alone 与 lonely
考点 含义及用法
alone "单独的",形容词;还可以作副词,意为"单独,独自""孤独的",
lonely 形容词,带有感情色彩;还意为"偏远的,迹至的"
② v .- ing 形容词与 v .- ed 形容词
v .- ing 形容词 v .- ed 形容词
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised (人)感到惊讶的
boring 令人厌烦的 bored (人)感到厌烦的
interesting 有趣的 interested (人)感兴趣的
exciting 令人兴奋的 excited (人)感到兴奋的
moving 令人感动的 moved (人)感动的
tiring 令人疲倦的 tired (人)感到疲倦的
多指事物对人的影响,一般用来描述事物 多指人对事物的感受,一般用来描述人
③ good 与 well
考点 含义及用法
good 表示"好的",形容词,可作定语,也可作表语
well 作形容词时,一般只作表语,意为"身体好"; well 还可用作副词,意为"好,令人满意地"
④ ill 与 sick
考点 含义及用法 拓展
ill 常用作表语表示"生病的" ill 作定语时可以表示"坏的"。
sick 既可作表语,也可作定语 sick 还可以表示"呕吐的;恶心的";
⑤ elder / eldest 与 older / oldest
考点 含义及用法 拓展
elder / eldest 只用于指人,表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼排序,不与 than 连用; 作定语时只能用 elder / eldest 。
older / oldest 则用于表示年龄大小。 older 可与 than 连用。He is older than me .( v He is elder than me .( x )他比我大。
⑥ asleep 与 sleepy
考点 含义及用法
asleep "睡着的,在睡觉的",不能作前置定语
sleepy "困的,想睡觉的,打瞌睡的",可用作前置定语
(7)late : later 、latest、 latter、 last
Late、 later、latest 指时间上的较迟、最近;
latter、 last 指顺序上的后者、最后。例如:
They got there much later than we had expected .
他们到达得比我们预料的要晚的多。
Three years later , she met her friend in London .
三年后,她在伦敦遇见了她的朋友。
Read us the latest news in the newspaper .把报上的最新消息读给我们听。
Who will speak last at the meeting ?谁将在会上最后发言?
A
B
形容词短语
be responsible for
proud of
tired of
are thirsty for
am worried about
be friendly/nice/kind
is good at
thankful to
strict with
常考副词辨析
(句型辨析) be + adj .+ of sb . to do sth .和 be + adj .+ for sb . to do sth .
1)" It is +形容词+ of +代词+不定式"结构
表示的人的性格、品质或特征等。实际上相当于感叹句,能用于此句型的表示褒义、贬义的形容词有 polite、brave、careless、selfish、crazy、mad ;表示智力的词有 clever、brilliant、silly、stupid、dumb、foolish、unwise ;表示态度的词有 nice、kind、good、sweet、wonderful、right、wrong 等。
例如:
It ' s very kind of you to do it for me .你为我做这件事太好了。
It ' s foolish of him to waste so much time .他太傻了,浪费这么多时间。
2)" It is + adj .+ for +代词+不定式"结构
表示说话人对客观事物的判断或描述,多用于正式场合,能用于此句型的形容词有 hard、difficult、possible、impossible、dangerous、useful、useless、common、 unusual、enough 、 convenient 等。例如:
It ' s difficult to answer this question .回答这个问题太难了。
It ' s impossible for him to finish the work in such a short while .
这么一会它就完成工作是不可能的。
(句型辨析) How long .. How soon .. How often ... How far ...
1) How long +一般疑问句
此句型常针对一段时间提问,所以要用" for +一段时间"或" from ... to ..."" since ..., till ..."等回答,表示某动作或状态持续了或要持续"多久",常用于完成时或将来时。此句型动词不能用终止性动词(或称瞬间动词),常见的终止性动词(或短语)有 buy、die、 join、marry、come、leave、 arrive、reach 、go to bed 、 fall asleep、go to sleep、get to know、borrow、appear 等。例如:
- How long have you been at this school ?你来这个学校多久了?
- I ' ve been here for just over two years .我来这里刚两年多。
- How long will it take you to complete the trip?你完成这次旅行要多久?
- Perhaps about more than half a year .或许得半年多。
- How long have you been away from home 你离开家多长时间了?
I have been away from home for five months .我离家五个月了.
2) How often +一般疑问句
此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,表示"多长时间一次",要用频度副词,如 always 、 seldom 、 usually 、 once a month 、 sometimes 等回答,常用于现在时或过去时。例如:
- How often do you watch TV ?你多长时间(或多久)看一次电视?
- About once a day .一天一次。
- How often do you go there ?你多久去一次那里?
- I go there twice a month .我一个月去那儿两次。
注意:若只提问"多少次"则要" How many times ..…"。例如:
How many times do you go there a month ?你一个月去几次?
3) How soon +一般疑问句
此句型是用来提问某人要"多快"或"多久"(指时间)能做某事,要用" in +一段时间"或"一段时间+ later "回答。例如:
- How soon will you be back ?多久你能回来?
-I ' ll be back in a week .我一周后回来。
How soon can you finish the drawing ?你什么时候成这幅画?
注意:勿与" How quickly / fast (指动作'快')"相混淆。
4) How far +一般疑问句
此句型针对"距离有多远"提问。例如:
- How far do you live from here ?你住的地方离这儿有多远?
- Not more than one mile .不到一英里。
C
C
A
B
C
04
课堂小结·查漏补缺
68
注意的问题:
1.形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语,而副词在句中主要作状语。
2.enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
3.-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。
4.比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围
5.原级,比较级,最高级的句型,倍数表达。
认真掌握背诵,做题会有效果。加油!
巧记比较等级用法:
两者比较用 than 连,三者比较 the 在前。
同级比较用原级, as ... as 永不离。若是否定加 not , as ..… as 否前者。 as … as 加 not ,只说两者有区别。 so ... as 加 not ,后者总是强前者。
1.This box is ______ that one.
heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as
解析:A、B和C格式都不正确。
2. Of all the stars, the sun is ______ to us.
A. near B. nearer C. the nearest D. farther
解析:Of all the stars在所有的星星中,这个范围决定了用最高级形式最近的。
Let's check if you are the best
D
C
3.---Which coat is _________on me, the blue one or the black one?
---The blue one.
A. good B.better C. best D. the best
解析:the blue one or the black one蓝色的或者黑色的,在两个里边选择,故选择比较级的词语better。
4.Nanjing isn’t so large ____ Shanghai, however, it’s the second ____ city in East China.
A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large
解析:not so large as Shanghai,没有上海大,固定搭配,the second+largest 级,表示第二大,用最高级
B
B
Thank You
76
活学巧练
单项填空
1.It's every policeman's dream to keep people ______ and the traffic in good order.
A.safe
B.healthy
C.busy
2.The Monkey King can make the stick so ______ that he can put it into his ear.
A.short
B.small
C.long
与with搭配
be angry with生……的气 be busy with忙于……
be born with生来具有…… be filled with充满……
be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心
be satisfied with对 ……满意be strict with对……严厉/严格
与at搭配
be amazed at对……感到惊讶 be good at擅长……
be mad at对……非常愤怒 be surprised at对……感到惊讶
与of搭配
be fond of 爱好,喜欢 be afraid of害怕……
be proud of为……而感到自豪 be short of短缺……
be tired of厌烦…… be full of充满……
与about搭配
be anxious about对……担忧 be crazy about对……疯狂/着迷
be excited about因……而激动 be worried about为……担心
be careful about 小心 be certain/sure about对……有把握
be curious about对……好奇
与to搭配
be used to 习惯于…… be friendly to 对……友好
be close to 接近;靠近 be good to 对……好
be kind to 对……和蔼 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be related to 与……有关 be rude to 对……粗鲁
be similar to 与……相似 be useful to 对……有用
be harmful to 对……有害
活学巧练
选择恰当的短语完成下列各句
eq \x(\a\al(are thirsty for, tired of, be responsible for,,am worried about, proud of))
1.As students, we should ____________________________________ ourselves. We can't spend much time playing computer games.
2.Great changes have taken place in Guiyang. We are all ______________ the achievements.
3.More and more students complain about too much homework and they are really ________________ it.
4.All the students _____________________________ knowledge because it will give them wings to fly.
5.I ______________________________ tomorrow's math test. I am afraid I can't pass this time.
完成句子
6.正如习近平所说,人类应当友好对待世界不同的文化。
As Xi Jinping said, humans should _____________________________ to different cultures of the world.
7.王俊凯擅长唱歌和打篮球。
Wang Junkai ____________________ singing and playing basketball.
8.我将亲手制作卡片,感谢母亲为我所做的一切。
I'll make a card myself to be ______________________ my mother for what she has done for me.
9.我将永远记得这三年以来总是严格要求我的老师们。
I will remember the teachers forever who have always been ______________________ me for 3 years.
(2)ago与before
考 点
含义及用法
ago
指以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用
before
指以过去或将来的某时刻为基准的“以前”,常和完成时连用,可单独使用
(3)hard与hardly
考 点
含义及用法
hard
“努力地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词;作形容词时,意为“困难的”
hardly
“几乎不”,也是程度副词,但表示否定意义
【图解助记】hard与hardly
(4)already、 yet与still
考 点
含义及用法
already
通常用于肯定句中,意为“已经”,有时用于疑问句中表示惊讶、怀疑等语气
yet
一般用在疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还”,通常放在句末
still
“仍然,还”,表示原先的情况未变,在说话时仍在继续,可用于各种句式(肯定、否定、疑问)
(5)much too、 too much与too many
考 点
含义及用法
much too
“太,非常”,修饰形容词或副词。much修饰 too,中心词是too
too much
“太多”,修饰不可数名词
too many
“太多”,修饰可数名词复数
(6)so与such
考 点
含义及用法
so
“如此,这样”,常修饰形容词或副词;名词前有many、 much、 few、 little等表示数量多少的词修饰时,应用so;常用结构为“so+形容词(+a/an+可数名词单数)”
such
“如此,这样”,修饰名词;若遇到不定冠词a/an时,要放在冠词之前,常用结构为“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”;也可用于“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中
(7)also、 too与either
考 点
含义及用法
also
“也”,正式用语,常放在句中,位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前
too
“也”,多用于口语,一般用于肯定句,置于句末,前面常有逗号与其他成分隔开。还可作程度副词,意为“太”。
too的固定结构:can't be too+adj.“太……也不为过”, too…to… “太……而不能……”
either
“也”,用于否定句,其位置固定在句末
活学巧练
单项填空
1.Ken was ______late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
A.still
B.always
C.almost
2.If your friend sends you a message to borrow money from you on the Internet, you'd better call him ______first to make sure of that.
A.recently
B.finally
C.directly
3.Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework because she didn't do it ______enough.
A.carefully
B.busily
C.quickly
4.Betty felt so tired last night that she ______ fell asleep in bed after lying down.
A.recently
B.immediately
C.frequently
5.My cousin is______heavy because he often eats __________ fast food.
A.too much; too many
B.too many; too much
C.much too; too much
$$