题型突破11 阅读理解之长难句分析策略及C篇精析（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）

题型突破11阅读理解之长难句及C篇分析策略 （核心考点精讲精练） 高考阅读文章均选自外刊，“原汁原昧”，尤其上海高考英语阅读C篇除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是文中句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的，对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读水平。那么如何破解阅读理解中的长难句？长难句构成特征如下： 带有较多成分的简单句 含有多个从句的复合句 含有插入成份的句子 含有省略成份的句子 含有倒装句、强调句 【思维导图】 【知识梳理】 ### 长难句考点分析与例句讲解： · **考点一：简单句中包含复杂修饰成分** - 例句：In the heart of the bustling city, where the skyscrapers loom over the narrow streets, stands a quaint old bookstore, filled with the scent of aged paper and the quiet hum of knowledge seekers. - 分析：这个例句中，地点状语从句“where the skyscrapers loom over the narrow streets”修饰“the heart of the bustling city”。书店被描述为充满了“aged paper”的香味和“knowledge seekers”的安静低语，增加了细节。 中文翻译：在熙熙攘攘的城市中心，摩天大楼高耸在狭窄的街道之上，那里有一家古色古香的旧书店，书店里充满了陈旧纸张的香味和寻求知识者的安静低语。 · **考点二：句子成分之间被插入语分隔** - 例句：Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. - 分析：插入语“a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”分隔了先行词“Jack Dusty”和定语从句“where—I was planning to have dinner that very night”。 中文翻译：尽管我被眼前的番茄所吸引，但当我得知Browns Grove农场是Jack Dusty的供应商之一，Jack Dusty是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开的餐厅，而且幸运的是，我正计划在那晚去那里用餐时，我的幸福感加深了。 · **考点三：从句套从句，环环相扣** - 例句：It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. - 分析：主语从句中包含一个主从复合句，其中“a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population”修饰“more than 3 billion passenger pigeons”，而“making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world”进一步解释了这一数量的意义。 中文翻译：据估计，当它的种群数量达到最高点时，有超过30亿只旅鸽——这个数字相当于美国所有鸟类总数的24%到40%，这可能使它成为世界上最丰富的鸟类。 · **考点四：特殊句式或特殊语法现象** - 例句：Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. - 分析：这个句子考查了V-ing形式作状语和虚拟语气的用法，其中“giving them a closer relationship”作为状语，说明了搬家的结果。 中文翻译：如今，三代人都认为搬家是成功的，这让他们拥有了比在不同城市时更亲密的关系。 通过对长难句的考点分析和例句讲解，以及提供中文翻译，我们可以帮助理解英语长难句的结构和意义，从而在阅读和写作中更有效地使用和分析这些句子。 【长难句考例分析】 【考例1】Why was Garzas move a success？ A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 【考例2】What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？ A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 【考例3】What made the authors getting up early worthwhile？ A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market. 【考例4】What was the author going to do that evening？ A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 【考例5】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons_______. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 【考例6】What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 破解长难句方法 · 1. **找谓语，定主语** - 例句：Despite the heavy rain, the marathon runners continued their race, demonstrating an admirable level of perseverance. - 分析： 例句翻译： · 2. **提主干，去枝叶（从句等）** - 例句：Although she was initially hesitant, after much consideration, she finally decided to accept the challenging job offer. - 分析： 例句翻译： · 3. **寻关联，辨逻辑** - 例句：While some people prefer to stay indoors on weekends, others enjoy going out to explore new places. - 分析： 例句翻译： · 4. **看搭配，防隔离** - 例句：To achieve success, one must work hard, which is a principle that many successful people follow. - 分析： 例句翻译： · 5. **关键词，抓线索** - 例句：In the face of adversity, it is crucial to maintain a positive attitude, which can significantly influence the outcome. - 分析： 例句翻译： 通过这些例句和分析，我们可以看到，无论是寻找谓语和主语、提炼主干去除枝叶、寻找关联词辨别逻辑关系、注意搭配防止被隔离，还是抓住关键词，这些方法都有助于我们理解和分析长难句。 （2024·上海宝山·统考二模C篇） Pretty much everyone has, at some point, made excuses to avoid working on a task they fear. But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. Regularly putting off difficult or unpleasant tasks can lead to low grades at school, poor performance at work and financial consequences, such as late fees. Procrastination can also harm relationships and even affect your health, as it increases stress levels, sometimes resulting in illness. It's possible to procrastinate by binge-watching (大量观看) your favorite show or doing other mindless activities, but procrastination doesn't always look like laziness. Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks. This can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists. In order to overcome procrastination, you must first understand why you procrastinate. Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. Perhaps the task is complicated or confusing, and you don't know where to begin. Or perhaps you are waiting to feel inspired to complete the task or believe that you become better under pressure. Correcting your thinking can aid you in overcoming procrastination. You probably tend to overestimate how quickly you can finish tasks and how motivated you will feel later. Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. Further, research shows that despite some people's perceptions (感知), most individuals do not actually produce better work under pressure. If you are procrastinating because a task seems too overwhelming or too complicated, break it up into smaller pieces that feel more manageable. This can mean doing a part of the task, or dedicating a set amount of time - say, 15 minutes - to working on it. It may help to think about why the task is important. How will it contribute to your goals? How will it affect other people? What negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner? Scheduling when you will work on tasks can be helpful as well, and so can ruthlessly eliminating distractions. You may need to put away your phone or go to a quiet room. Overcoming procrastination is a challenge, but doing so leads to benefits in many areas of life. 63. The word procrastinate in the second paragraph most probably means ______. A. keep off B. get off C. put off D. take off 64. According to the passage, how many kinds of consequences may result from procrastination? A. 5. B. 2. C. 6. D. 7. 65. What can we conclude from the passage? A. Nobody can entirely avoid procrastination in his personal life. B. Doing easier or unimportant tasks can make us more productive. C. The more pressure we have, the more productive we will become. D. It's generally more subjective than objective to procrastinate in life. 66. The best title for the passage may be ______. A. The challenges of procrastination and strategies to solve it B. The reasons of procrastination and the ways of avoiding it C. The advantages and disadvantages of procrastination in life D. The causes and process of procrastination in communication 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主句是 "But some people do this more often than others"，其中 "this" 指代上文提到的 "made excuses to avoid working on a task they fear"。非限制性定语从句 "which can result in disastrous consequences" 对主句进行补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：但有些人比其他人更频繁地这样做，这可能导致灾难性的后果。 2. **长难句**：Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks, which can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks"。非限制性定语从句 "which can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists" 对主句进行补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：有些人为了逃避困难的任务而推迟行动，转而去做更简单但不那么重要的任务，这可以让他们感到有成效，即使他们忽略了待办事项清单上最重要的事项。 3. **长难句**：Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. - **结构分析**：这是一个含有结果状语从句的复合句，主句是 "Perhaps you are a perfectionist"，结果状语从句是 "so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly"，说明了作为一个完美主义者的结果。 - **中文翻译**：也许你是一个完美主义者，所以你发现不完成任务比做得糟糕更不令人不安。 4. **长难句**：Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个并列分句组成，第一个分句是 "Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired"，第二个分句是 "if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow"，其中包含一个条件状语从句。 - **中文翻译**：大部分工作不需要等到你感到有灵感才去做，如果你开始这项任务，灵感的感觉可能会随之而来。 5. **长难句**：It may help to think about why the task is important, how it will contribute to your goals, how it will affect other people, and what negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner. - **结构分析**：这是一个含有多个宾语从句的复合句，主句是 "It may help to think about why the task is important"，后面跟了三个宾语从句 "how it will contribute to your goals", "how it will affect other people", 和 "what negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner"，分别说明了思考任务重要性的不同方面。 - **中文翻译**：思考这项任务为什么重要可能会有所帮助，它将如何有助于你的目标，它将如何影响其他人，以及不及时完成它可能带来什么负面后果。 （2024上海虹口·统考二模C篇） Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy? A. To maximize possible returns and profits. B. To maintain consistency in business operations. C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs. D. To attract customers to social events and trainings. 64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely. B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers. C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars. D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices. 65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. The art of coordinating pricing processes B. The best sales negotiation techniques C. Getting one step closer toward better pricing D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache"，第二部分是强调句型 "It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job"，其中 "It" 指代 "Pricing"。 - **中文翻译**：定价是管理者最大的市场难题。这是他们感到压力最大、最不确定自己是否做得好的地方。 2. **长难句**：A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主句是 "A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market"，破折号后面的 "it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy" 是一个省略了主语的平行结构，作为对主句的补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：公司的定价政策向市场传达了一个信息——它给客户传达了公司哲学的重要感觉。 3. **长难句**：But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well"，第二部分是一个修辞问句 "Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100?"，后面紧跟着回答 "Of course not"。 - **中文翻译**：但是土星的定价政策也传达了一个强烈的信息。如果一个销售人员使用书中所有的谈判技巧试图让顾客多出最后100美元，能与顾客建立友好、信任的关系吗？当然不能。 4. **长难句**：Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms. - **结构分析**：这是一个并列句，第一部分是简单句 "Input from diverse sources is necessary"，第二部分是 "However" 引导的让步状语从句 "problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms"。 - **中文翻译**：来自不同来源的意见是必要的。然而，当广泛的参与理念在没有强大协调机制的情况下被带入定价过程时，就会出现问题。 5. **长难句**：For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. - **结构分析**：这个复合句以 "For example" 开始，后面跟了一系列的条件状语从句，列举了不同部门在定价过程中的作用："if the marketing department sets list prices", "the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field", "the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements", "and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment"。主句是 "everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results"。 - **中文翻译**：例如，如果市场部门设定了标价，销售人员在现场谈判折扣，法务部门在必要时调整价格以防止违反法律或合同协议，而负责订单的人员因运输延迟而谈判价格调整，每个人的最佳意图最终通常会导致不尽如人意的结果。 （2024·上海黄埔·统考二模C篇） In the past, jobs were about muscles. Now they’re about brains, but in the future, they’ll be about the heart. – Minouche Shafik, the president of Columbia University LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies. They then estimated that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills — mainly in programming languages — can eventually be possessed by A.I. Skills associated with jobs like legal associates and finance officers will also be highly exposed. In fact, given the broad impact A.I. is set to have, it is quite likely to affect all of our work to some degree or another. Circling around this research is the big question emerging across so many conversations about A.I. and work, namely: What are our core capabilities as humans? If we answer this question from a place of fear about what’s left for people in the age of A.I., we can end up admitting a diminished view of human capability. Instead, it’s critical for us all to start from a place that imagines what’s possible for humans in the age of A.I. When we do that, we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace. A recent Jobs for the Future survey found that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as “important” or “very important.” These, commonly referred to as soft skills, include building interpersonal relationships, negotiating between parties and guiding and motivating teams. Now is the time for leaders, across departments, to develop new ways for students to learn that are more directly tied to where our economy is going, not where it has been. Critically, that involves bringing the same level of preciseness to training around people skills that we have brought to technical skills. Ultimately, for our society, this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I. If we do, it is entirely possible to build a world of work that not only is more human but also is a place where all people are valued for the unique skills we have, enabling us to deliver new levels of human achievement across so many areas that affect all of our lives. 63. According to LinkedIn’s recent research __________. A. soft engineers are required to identify 500 languages B. A.I. will replace humans in jobs requiring certain skills C. we humans underestimate the impact A.I. is set to have D. A.I. technologies are to influence research to some degree 64. Which of the following is “a diminished view of human capability” (paragraph 3)? A. Humans are losing control of the world. B. Technology intensifies humans’ cooperation. C. Humans outsmart A.I in terms of critical thinking. D. A.I. and humans are similar in their ability to innovate. 65. Leaders in different departments are advised to __________. A. teach students unique technical skills B. develop students’ soft skills for their future C. remind students where our economy is going D. build healthy interpersonal relationships with students 66. According to the writer, what is the core factor of human development? A. Practical value set on skills. B. Firm belief about A.I. technologies. C. Decisive effects brought by A.I. D. Confidence in our potential. 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires"，后面跟了一个并列分句 "and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies"，其中 "which skills any given job requires" 是一个宾语从句，作 "looked at" 的宾语。 - **中文翻译**：最近，领英研究人员审视了各种工作所需的技能，并确定了可能受到生成性人工智能技术影响的500多种技能。 2. **长难句**：They then estimated that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills — mainly in programming languages — can eventually be possessed by A.I. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "They then estimated"，后面跟了一个宾语从句 "that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills can eventually be possessed by A.I."，其中 "mainly in programming languages" 是插入语，用来修饰 "current skills"。 - **中文翻译**：他们随后估计，软件工程师目前的96%的技能——主要是编程语言——最终可以被人工智能所掌握。 3. **长难句**：When we do that, we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个时间状语从句 "When we do that"，主句是 "we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills"，后面跟了一个定语从句 "that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace"，修饰 "people skills"。 - **中文翻译**：当我们这样做时，我们发现自己迅速聚焦于那些让我们能够以技术可以加强但无法取代的方式进行合作和创新的人员技能。 4. **长难句**：A recent Jobs for the Future survey found that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as “important” or “very important.” - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "A recent Jobs for the Future survey found"，后面跟了一个宾语从句 "that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as 'important' or 'very important'"。 - **中文翻译**：最近的一项“未来工作”调查发现，在十大就业领域中，有78%的职业将独特的人类技能和任务分类为“重要”或“非常重要”。 5. **长难句**：Ultimately, for our society, this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans"，后面跟了一个比较结构 "with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I."。 - **中文翻译**：最终，对我们的社会来说，这归结为我们是否像相信人工智能的潜力一样相信人类的潜力。 （2022年7月上海高考） Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation , whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea.existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach-or, better still, exceed -strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention ts an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way.or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference,consider this: The telephone is an invention,but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that lends to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or. similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, hits both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative tide that the bushiness innovation process can be a costly undertaking than does not always produce a rectum on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean? A. Persuasibility B. Scarcity C. Generality D. Practicability 64. What is the purpose of business innovation? A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C.Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65 Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C.They can bring huge commercial benefits. D.They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. - **结构分析**：这是一个简单句，主语是 "Business innovation"，谓语是 "is"，表语是 "an organization's process"。介词短语 "for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products" 作后置定语修饰 "process"。 - **中文翻译**：商业创新是一个组织引入新思想、工作流程、方法论、服务或产品的过程。 2. **长难句**：Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. - **结构分析**：这个复合句由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "Innovation often begins with idea generation"，第二部分是让步状语从句 "whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions"，接着是时间状语从句 "after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea"。 - **中文翻译**：创新通常始于创意生成，而在头脑风暴会议中，想法会被细化，之后领导者会考虑每个想法的商业可行性、可能性和可取性。 3. **长难句**：The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization, which can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels, from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both, or from improvements to productivity or performance. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主语是 "The purpose of the business innovation process"，谓语是 "is to create value for the organization"。后面跟了一个非限制性定语从句 "which can come from..." 来详细说明这种价值的来源。 - **中文翻译**：商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值，这种价值可以来自创造新的收入机会或通过现有渠道增加收入，也可以来自节省时间、金钱或两者兼有的效率提升，或来自生产力或性能的改进。 4. **长难句**：An invention is an entirely new creation, the process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. - **结构分析**：这个复合句包含多个子句。首先是简单句 "An invention is an entirely new creation"，然后是并列句 "the process of business innovation can produce an invention"，接着是让步状语从句 "but the term is broader in scope"，最后是并列的动名词短语 "includes the application... or applying new technology..."。 - **中文翻译**：发明是一个全新的创造，商业创新的过程可以产生发明，但这个术语的范围更广，包括以新的方式应用现有的概念或实践，或者将新技术应用到现有产品或流程中以改进它。 5. **长难句**：Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation, this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主语是 "Disruptive innovation"，谓语是 "is"，表语是 "a category"。定语从句 "that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation" 修饰 "a category"。接着是一个同位语从句 "this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services" 来进一步解释 "Disruptive innovation"。 - **中文翻译**：颠覆性创新是一个强调革命性创新破坏性方面的类别，这个术语适用于导致创造一个取代现有市场或类似地，在产品或服务类别中引起重大动荡的商业创新。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 题型突破11 阅读理解之长难句及C篇分析策略 （核心考点精讲精练） 高考阅读文章均选自外刊，“原汁原昧”，尤其上海高考英语阅读C篇除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是文中句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长难句，对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读水平。那么如何破解阅读理解中的长难句？长难句构成特征如下： 带有较多成分的简单句 含有多个从句的复合句 含有插入成份的句子 含有省略成份的句子 含有倒装句、强调句 【思维导图】 【知识梳理】 ### 长难句考点分析与例句讲解： · **考点一：简单句中包含复杂修饰成分** - 例句：In the heart of the bustling city, where the skyscrapers loom over the narrow streets, stands a quaint old bookstore, filled with the scent of aged paper and the quiet hum of knowledge seekers. - 分析：这个例句中，地点状语从句“where the skyscrapers loom over the narrow streets”修饰“the heart of the bustling city”。书店被描述为充满了“aged paper”的香味和“knowledge seekers”的安静低语，增加了细节。 中文翻译：在熙熙攘攘的城市中心，摩天大楼高耸在狭窄的街道之上，那里有一家古色古香的旧书店，书店里充满了陈旧纸张的香味和寻求知识者的安静低语。 · **考点二：句子成分之间被插入语分隔** - 例句：Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. - 分析：插入语“a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”分隔了先行词“Jack Dusty”和定语从句“where—I was planning to have dinner that very night”。 中文翻译：尽管我被眼前的番茄所吸引，但当我得知Browns Grove农场是Jack Dusty的供应商之一，Jack Dusty是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开的餐厅，而且幸运的是，我正计划在那晚去那里用餐时，我的幸福感加深了。 · **考点三：从句套从句，环环相扣** - 例句：It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. - 分析：主语从句中包含一个主从复合句，其中“a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population”修饰“more than 3 billion passenger pigeons”，而“making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world”进一步解释了这一数量的意义。 中文翻译：据估计，当它的种群数量达到最高点时，有超过30亿只旅鸽——这个数字相当于美国所有鸟类总数的24%到40%，这可能使它成为世界上最丰富的鸟类。 · **考点四：特殊句式或特殊语法现象** - 例句：Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. - 分析：这个句子考查了V-ing形式作状语和虚拟语气的用法，其中“giving them a closer relationship”作为状语，说明了搬家的结果。 中文翻译：如今，三代人都认为搬家是成功的，这让他们拥有了比在不同城市时更亲密的关系。 通过对长难句的考点分析和例句讲解，以及提供中文翻译，我们可以帮助理解英语长难句的结构和意义，从而在阅读和写作中更有效地使用和分析这些句子。 【长难句考例分析】 【考例1】Why was Garzas move a success？ A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 主要答题依据：Today all three generations regard the move as a success， giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. 分析：本句主干是一个主谓+复合宾语的简单句，随后带了一个V-ing形式作原因状语（其逻辑主语是the move），这个原因状语中又包含一个隐含虚拟语气的定语从句。题干与本句的主干意义一致，所以本题主要考查对原因状语的理解。结合虚拟语气的用法可知，原因状语意思是说，搬到一起后，他们之间的关系更亲密了。如果他们不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他们之间的关系就不会比现在更亲密。故本题选A。 【考例2】What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？ A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 主要答题依据： “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby， publisher of Grand， a magazine for grandparents . 分析：本題主要考查对引号中句子的理解。这个句子的结构并不复杂，第一个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句是省略了主语的主谓宾结构，其后再加far和fast及动词不定式作状语。本句难就难在考查了一个特殊的语法结构 “cant/couldn’t ...enough...”表示“越……越好”，所以引号中句子的意思是 “在20世纪60年代我们都有一点疯狂，为了证明我们可以独立，我们认为离家越远越好，越快越好。” 故本题选C。 【考例3】What made the authors getting up early worthwhile？ A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market. 主要答题依据：Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 分析：这个句子是一个长句，但本句其实就是一个由but连接的转折并列句。第一个分句是一个主谓宾简单句“Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets filled the weekend”；第二个分句是个主系表简单句“the best part was a 7 a.m. adventure”。第一个分句的主语后加了插入语对pink sunsets 补充说明；第二个分句的主谓之间也用破折号加入了插入语，表语“ a 7 a.m. adventure”后带了介词短语作定语和分隔式定语从句。定语从句“that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call”中的that指代 adventure， 再根据adventure后的定语可知，这次冒险是指早起去Sarasota当地的农贸市场，因此本题答案选D。 【考例4】What was the author going to do that evening？ A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 主要答题依据： Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight， my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty， a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton， where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. 分析：本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句为主谓结构的简单句“my happiness deepened”，其前面是一个as引导的倒装结构的让步状语从句，其后是when引导的时间状语从句，这个时间状语从句中又包含一个that 引导的主系表结构的宾语从句， 这个宾语从句中有一个介词短语for Jack Dusty作状语，其后接“a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”作Jack Dusty的同位语， 补充说明Jack Dusty是一家新开的餐馆，然后再由where引导非限制性定语从句补充说明我打算要在那天晚上在Jack Dusty这家新开的餐馆里吃饭， 故答案选C。 【考例5】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons_______. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 主要答题依据： It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point， there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States， making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. 分析：本句是一個由that引导的主语从句的复合句。that引导的主语从句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句， 这个复合句的主句是there be 句型， 其主语“more than 3 billion passenger pigeons”后由破折号引出同位语a number， 然后再接定语从句 “which is equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States ”的省略形式（省略了which is） 作a number的后置定语，最后这个there be 句型后又跟了一个V-ing形式的结果状语。根据这个句子的意思及仔细比较四个选项， 可知本题选D。 【考例6】What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 主要答题依据： This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. 分析：本句是一个包含because原因状语从句的复合句。because原因状语从句是一个包含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句主语和谓语之间插入了who 引导的定语从句，主句的谓语使用的是leave sb/sth adj.（使……处于某种状态）的被动语态。本句可翻译为：当所有的专家忙于争辩哪个是最好的选择时，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被诸多相互矛盾的信息困扰着，这让我感到无限沮丧。因此作者对专家们的态度是怀疑的，故本题选B。 破解长难句方法 · 1. **找谓语，定主语** - 例句：Despite the heavy rain, the marathon runners continued their race, demonstrating an admirable level of perseverance. - 分析：此句中的谓语形式动词及其对应的主语有：continued—marathon runners; demonstrating—runners。这一句的主干为“the marathon runners continued their race and demonstrating perseverance”，其中“Despite the heavy rain”作让步状语。 例句翻译：尽管下着大雨，马拉松选手们继续比赛，展现了令人钦佩的毅力水平。 · 2. **提主干，去枝叶（从句等）** - 例句：Although she was initially hesitant, after much consideration, she finally decided to accept the challenging job offer. - 分析：这个句子包含一个让步状语从句“Although she was initially hesitant”和时间状语从句“after much consideration”。句子的主干是“she finally decided to accept the challenging job offer”，为主要信息。 例句翻译：尽管她最初犹豫不决，经过深思熟虑后，她最终决定接受这个具有挑战性的工作机会。 · 3. **寻关联，辨逻辑** - 例句：While some people prefer to stay indoors on weekends, others enjoy going out to explore new places. - 分析：“While”提示前后对比。句子的主干是“some people prefer to stay indoors”和“others enjoy going out”，表达了周末人们不同的偏好。 例句翻译：虽然有些人喜欢在周末呆在室内，其他人则喜欢外出探索新的地方。 · 4. **看搭配，防隔离** - 例句：To achieve success, one must work hard, which is a principle that many successful people follow. - 分析：这个句子是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型，其中“work hard”是宾语补足语，被“which is a principle”隔开。句子的主干是“one must work hard to achieve success”。 例句翻译：为了取得成功，一个人必须努力工作，这是许多成功人士遵循的原则。 · 5. **关键词，抓线索** - 例句：In the face of adversity, it is crucial to maintain a positive attitude, which can significantly influence the outcome. - 分析：句子中的关键词“adversity”和“positive attitude”提供了理解句意的线索。主干是“it is crucial to maintain a positive attitude in the face of adversity”，其中“which can significantly influence the outcome”为非限制性定语从句，进一步解释了保持积极态度的重要性。 例句翻译：面对逆境，保持积极的态度至关重要，这可以显著影响结果。 通过这些例句和分析，我们可以看到，无论是寻找谓语和主语、提炼主干去除枝叶、寻找关联词辨别逻辑关系、注意搭配防止被隔离，还是抓住关键词，这些方法都有助于我们理解和分析长难句。 （2024·上海宝山·统考二模C篇） Pretty much everyone has, at some point, made excuses to avoid working on a task they fear. But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. Regularly putting off difficult or unpleasant tasks can lead to low grades at school, poor performance at work and financial consequences, such as late fees. Procrastination can also harm relationships and even affect your health, as it increases stress levels, sometimes resulting in illness. It's possible to procrastinate by binge-watching (大量观看) your favorite show or doing other mindless activities, but procrastination doesn't always look like laziness. Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks. This can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists. In order to overcome procrastination, you must first understand why you procrastinate. Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. Perhaps the task is complicated or confusing, and you don't know where to begin. Or perhaps you are waiting to feel inspired to complete the task or believe that you become better under pressure. Correcting your thinking can aid you in overcoming procrastination. You probably tend to overestimate how quickly you can finish tasks and how motivated you will feel later. Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. Further, research shows that despite some people's perceptions (感知), most individuals do not actually produce better work under pressure. If you are procrastinating because a task seems too overwhelming or too complicated, break it up into smaller pieces that feel more manageable. This can mean doing a part of the task, or dedicating a set amount of time - say, 15 minutes - to working on it. It may help to think about why the task is important. How will it contribute to your goals? How will it affect other people? What negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner? Scheduling when you will work on tasks can be helpful as well, and so can ruthlessly eliminating distractions. You may need to put away your phone or go to a quiet room. Overcoming procrastination is a challenge, but doing so leads to benefits in many areas of life. 63. The word procrastinate in the second paragraph most probably means ______. A. keep off B. get off C. put off D. take off 64. According to the passage, how many kinds of consequences may result from procrastination? A. 5. B. 2. C. 6. D. 7. 65. What can we conclude from the passage? A. Nobody can entirely avoid procrastination in his personal life. B. Doing easier or unimportant tasks can make us more productive. C. The more pressure we have, the more productive we will become. D. It's generally more subjective than objective to procrastinate in life. 66. The best title for the passage may be ______. A. The challenges of procrastination and strategies to solve it B. The reasons of procrastination and the ways of avoiding it C. The advantages and disadvantages of procrastination in life D. The causes and process of procrastination in communication 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主句是 "But some people do this more often than others"，其中 "this" 指代上文提到的 "made excuses to avoid working on a task they fear"。非限制性定语从句 "which can result in disastrous consequences" 对主句进行补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：但有些人比其他人更频繁地这样做，这可能导致灾难性的后果。 2. **长难句**：Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks, which can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks"。非限制性定语从句 "which can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists" 对主句进行补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：有些人为了逃避困难的任务而推迟行动，转而去做更简单但不那么重要的任务，这可以让他们感到有成效，即使他们忽略了待办事项清单上最重要的事项。 3. **长难句**：Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. - **结构分析**：这是一个含有结果状语从句的复合句，主句是 "Perhaps you are a perfectionist"，结果状语从句是 "so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly"，说明了作为一个完美主义者的结果。 - **中文翻译**：也许你是一个完美主义者，所以你发现不完成任务比做得糟糕更不令人不安。 4. **长难句**：Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个并列分句组成，第一个分句是 "Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired"，第二个分句是 "if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow"，其中包含一个条件状语从句。 - **中文翻译**：大部分工作不需要等到你感到有灵感才去做，如果你开始这项任务，灵感的感觉可能会随之而来。 5. **长难句**：It may help to think about why the task is important, how it will contribute to your goals, how it will affect other people, and what negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner. - **结构分析**：这是一个含有多个宾语从句的复合句，主句是 "It may help to think about why the task is important"，后面跟了三个宾语从句 "how it will contribute to your goals", "how it will affect other people", 和 "what negative consequences could come from not doing it in a timely manner"，分别说明了思考任务重要性的不同方面。 - **中文翻译**：思考这项任务为什么重要可能会有所帮助，它将如何有助于你的目标，它将如何影响其他人，以及不及时完成它可能带来什么负面后果。 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. D 66. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了导致拖延症的原因和避免它的方法。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks. This can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists.(有些人拖延是为了逃避困难的任务，而去做更容易但不那么重要的任务。这会让他们觉得自己很有效率，即使他们忽略了待办事项清单上最重要的事情)”可知，人们为了避免困难任务而去做其他无关紧要的事情，这是在“拖延”，与put off这个短语的含义非常匹配，故选C。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But some people do this more often than others, which can result in disastrous consequences. Regularly putting off difficult or unpleasant tasks can lead to low grades at school, poor performance at work and financial consequences, such as late fees. Procrastination can also harm relationships and even affect your health, as it increases stress levels, sometimes resulting in illness.(但有些人比其他人更经常这样做，这可能会导致灾难性的后果。经常推迟困难或不愉快的任务会导致学习成绩不佳，工作表现不佳，还会带来经济上的后果，比如滞纳金。拖延症还会损害人际关系，甚至影响你的健康，因为它会增加压力水平，有时会导致疾病) ”可知，拖延可能导致的后果包括：在学校成绩不佳，工作表现不佳，以及经济上的后果(例如滞纳金)，损害人际关系，影响健康甚至会导致疾病。由此可知，拖延可能导致的后果有五种。故选A。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“In order to overcome procrastination, you must first understand why you procrastinate. Perhaps you are a perfectionist, so you find not completing a task less upsetting than doing it badly. Perhaps the task is complicated or confusing, and you don't know where to begin. Or perhaps you are waiting to feel inspired to complete the task or believe that you become better under pressure.(为了克服拖延症，你必须首先了解自己为什么会拖延。也许你是一个完美主义者，所以你觉得没有完成一项任务比把它做得不好更令人沮丧。也许这个任务很复杂或令人困惑，你不知道从哪里开始。或者你正在等待灵感来完成任务，或者相信你在压力下会变得更好)”和第四段的“Correcting your thinking can aid you in overcoming procrastination. You probably tend to overestimate how quickly you can finish tasks and how motivated you will feel later. Most work does not need to wait until you feel inspired, and if you begin the task, feelings of inspiration may follow. Further, research shows that despite some people’s perceptions, most individuals do not actually produce better work under pressure.(纠正你的想法可以帮助你克服拖延症。你可能倾向于高估自己完成任务的速度以及之后的动力。大多数工作不需要等到你感到灵感，如果你开始任务，灵感的感觉可能随之而来。此外，研究表明，尽管有些人有这样的看法，但大多数人实际上并没有在压力下做出更好的工作)”可知，拖延的程度取决于个人的主观感受和态度，而不是客观事实。拖延的主观性意味着每个人对任务的看法和应对方式都可能不同，挑战在于克服个人心理障碍和行为模式。由此推知，拖延倾向在生活中通常更具主观性而非客观性。故选D。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段的“It’s possible to procrastinate by binge-watching your favorite show or doing other mindless activities, but procrastination doesn't always look like laziness. Some people procrastinate to avoid difficult tasks by working on easier but less important tasks. This can make them feel productive even as they neglect the most important items on their to-do lists.(你可能会因为大量观看喜欢的节目或做其他不需要动脑的事情而拖延，但拖延并不总是看起来像懒惰。有些人拖延是为了逃避困难的任务，而去做更容易但不那么重要的任务。这会让他们觉得自己很有效率，即使他们忽略了待办事项清单上最重要的事情)”和第四段的“Correcting your thinking can aid you in overcoming procrastination. (纠正你的想法可以帮助你克服拖延症)”可知，文章主要讲述了拖延症的原因和避免它的方法。故选B。 （2024上海虹口·统考二模C篇） Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy? A. To maximize possible returns and profits. B. To maintain consistency in business operations. C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs. D. To attract customers to social events and trainings. 64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely. B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers. C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars. D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices. 65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. The art of coordinating pricing processes B. The best sales negotiation techniques C. Getting one step closer toward better pricing D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache"，第二部分是强调句型 "It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job"，其中 "It" 指代 "Pricing"。 - **中文翻译**：定价是管理者最大的市场难题。这是他们感到压力最大、最不确定自己是否做得好的地方。 2. **长难句**：A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主句是 "A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market"，破折号后面的 "it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy" 是一个省略了主语的平行结构，作为对主句的补充说明。 - **中文翻译**：公司的定价政策向市场传达了一个信息——它给客户传达了公司哲学的重要感觉。 3. **长难句**：But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. - **结构分析**：这个句子由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well"，第二部分是一个修辞问句 "Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100?"，后面紧跟着回答 "Of course not"。 - **中文翻译**：但是土星的定价政策也传达了一个强烈的信息。如果一个销售人员使用书中所有的谈判技巧试图让顾客多出最后100美元，能与顾客建立友好、信任的关系吗？当然不能。 4. **长难句**：Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms. - **结构分析**：这是一个并列句，第一部分是简单句 "Input from diverse sources is necessary"，第二部分是 "However" 引导的让步状语从句 "problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms"。 - **中文翻译**：来自不同来源的意见是必要的。然而，当广泛的参与理念在没有强大协调机制的情况下被带入定价过程时，就会出现问题。 5. **长难句**：For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. - **结构分析**：这个复合句以 "For example" 开始，后面跟了一系列的条件状语从句，列举了不同部门在定价过程中的作用："if the marketing department sets list prices", "the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field", "the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements", "and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment"。主句是 "everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results"。 - **中文翻译**：例如，如果市场部门设定了标价，销售人员在现场谈判折扣，法务部门在必要时调整价格以防止违反法律或合同协议，而负责订单的人员因运输延迟而谈判价格调整，每个人的最佳意图最终通常会导致不尽如人意的结果。 【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”可知，公司的定价政策应该与其总体营销策略保持一致，以实现成功，故选B项。 【64题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. (Saturn公司“no hassle, no haggle”的政策，消除了经销商和潜在客户之间发生冲突的可能性。客户更容易购买汽车，因为他们知道下一个进门的人不会协商更好的交易。)”可知，该政策意味着价格是固定的、不可议价的，从而排除客户议价获得更好交易的可能性。故选D项。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. (当然，定价过程中通常有很多参与者：会计提供成本估算;营销传达定价策略；销售人员提供具体的客户意见；生产设置供应边界；财务部门为整个公司的财务状况制定了要求。来自不同来源的投入是必要的。)”可知，定价过程的广泛参与是因为决策需要收集全面的信息，故选A项。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (定价是经理们最头疼的营销问题。这是他们感到压力最大的地方，也是他们最不确定自己是否做得很好的地方。所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”及全文可知，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。因此C项“向更好的定价迈进一步”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 （2024·上海黄埔·统考二模C篇） In the past, jobs were about muscles. Now they’re about brains, but in the future, they’ll be about the heart. – Minouche Shafik, the president of Columbia University LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies. They then estimated that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills — mainly in programming languages — can eventually be possessed by A.I. Skills associated with jobs like legal associates and finance officers will also be highly exposed. In fact, given the broad impact A.I. is set to have, it is quite likely to affect all of our work to some degree or another. Circling around this research is the big question emerging across so many conversations about A.I. and work, namely: What are our core capabilities as humans? If we answer this question from a place of fear about what’s left for people in the age of A.I., we can end up admitting a diminished view of human capability. Instead, it’s critical for us all to start from a place that imagines what’s possible for humans in the age of A.I. When we do that, we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace. A recent Jobs for the Future survey found that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as “important” or “very important.” These, commonly referred to as soft skills, include building interpersonal relationships, negotiating between parties and guiding and motivating teams. Now is the time for leaders, across departments, to develop new ways for students to learn that are more directly tied to where our economy is going, not where it has been. Critically, that involves bringing the same level of preciseness to training around people skills that we have brought to technical skills. Ultimately, for our society, this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I. If we do, it is entirely possible to build a world of work that not only is more human but also is a place where all people are valued for the unique skills we have, enabling us to deliver new levels of human achievement across so many areas that affect all of our lives. 63. According to LinkedIn’s recent research __________. A. soft engineers are required to identify 500 languages B. A.I. will replace humans in jobs requiring certain skills C. we humans underestimate the impact A.I. is set to have D. A.I. technologies are to influence research to some degree 64. Which of the following is “a diminished view of human capability” (paragraph 3)? A. Humans are losing control of the world. B. Technology intensifies humans’ cooperation. C. Humans outsmart A.I in terms of critical thinking. D. A.I. and humans are similar in their ability to innovate. 65. Leaders in different departments are advised to __________. A. teach students unique technical skills B. develop students’ soft skills for their future C. remind students where our economy is going D. build healthy interpersonal relationships with students 66. According to the writer, what is the core factor of human development? A. Practical value set on skills. B. Firm belief about A.I. technologies. C. Decisive effects brought by A.I. D. Confidence in our potential. 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "LinkedIn researchers recently looked at which skills any given job requires"，后面跟了一个并列分句 "and then identified over 500 likely to be affected by generative A.I. technologies"，其中 "which skills any given job requires" 是一个宾语从句，作 "looked at" 的宾语。 - **中文翻译**：最近，领英研究人员审视了各种工作所需的技能，并确定了可能受到生成性人工智能技术影响的500多种技能。 2. **长难句**：They then estimated that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills — mainly in programming languages — can eventually be possessed by A.I. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "They then estimated"，后面跟了一个宾语从句 "that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills can eventually be possessed by A.I."，其中 "mainly in programming languages" 是插入语，用来修饰 "current skills"。 - **中文翻译**：他们随后估计，软件工程师目前的96%的技能——主要是编程语言——最终可以被人工智能所掌握。 3. **长难句**：When we do that, we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个时间状语从句 "When we do that"，主句是 "we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills"，后面跟了一个定语从句 "that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace"，修饰 "people skills"。 - **中文翻译**：当我们这样做时，我们发现自己迅速聚焦于那些让我们能够以技术可以加强但无法取代的方式进行合作和创新的人员技能。 4. **长难句**：A recent Jobs for the Future survey found that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as “important” or “very important.” - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "A recent Jobs for the Future survey found"，后面跟了一个宾语从句 "that 78 percent of the 10 top-employing occupations classified uniquely human skills and tasks as 'important' or 'very important'"。 - **中文翻译**：最近的一项“未来工作”调查发现，在十大就业领域中，有78%的职业将独特的人类技能和任务分类为“重要”或“非常重要”。 5. **长难句**：Ultimately, for our society, this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I. - **结构分析**：这个句子是一个复合句，主句是 "this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans"，后面跟了一个比较结构 "with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I."。 - **中文翻译**：最终，对我们的社会来说，这归结为我们是否像相信人工智能的潜力一样相信人类的潜力。 【答案】63. B 64. A 65. B 66. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据领英最近的研究，人工智能将在需要某些技能的工作中取代人类，围绕这项研究的一个大问题出现在许多关于人工智能和工作的对话中，即：我们作为人类的核心能力是什么？ 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They then estimated that 96 percent of a software engineer’s current skills — mainly in programming languages — can eventually be possessed by A.I. Skills associated with jobs like legal associates and finance officers will also be highly exposed.(然后他们估计，软件工程师目前96%的技能——主要是编程语言——最终都可以被人工智能所掌握。与法律助理和财务官等工作相关的技能也将高度曝光)”可知，根据领英最近的研究，人工智能将在需要某些技能的工作中取代人类。故选B。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, it’s critical for us all to start from a place that imagines what’s possible for humans in the age of A.I. When we do that, we find ourselves focusing quickly on people skills that allow us to cooperate and innovate in ways technology can intensify but never replace.(相反，对我们所有人来说，从想象人工智能时代人类的可能性开始是至关重要的。当我们这样做时，我们会发现自己很快就把注意力集中在人际交往技能上，这些技能使我们能够以技术可以加强但永远不会取代的方式进行合作和创新)”可知，人类正在失去对世界的控制是“对人类能力的低估”。故选A。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“These, commonly referred to as soft skills, include building interpersonal relationships, negotiating between parties and guiding and motivating teams.(这些通常被称为软技能，包括建立人际关系，在各方之间进行谈判以及指导和激励团队)”可知，建议不同部门的领导为学生的未来培养软技能。故选B。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, for our society, this comes down to whether we believe in the potential of humans with as much belief as we believe in the potential of A.I. If we do, it is entirely possible to build a world of work that not only is more human but also is a place where all people are valued for the unique skills we have, enabling us to deliver new levels of human achievement across so many areas that affect all of our lives.(归根结底，对于我们的社会来说，这取决于我们是否像相信人工智能的潜力一样相信人类的潜力。如果我们相信，就完全有可能建立一个不仅更加人性化，而且所有人的独特技能都受到重视的工作世界，使我们能够在影响我们所有人生活的众多领域取得新的人类成就)”可知，对我们潜力的信心是人类发展的核心因素。故选D。 （2022年7月上海高考） Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation , whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea.existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach-or, better still, exceed -strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention ts an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way.or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference,consider this: The telephone is an invention,but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that lends to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or. similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, hits both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative tide that the bushiness innovation process can be a costly undertaking than does not always produce a rectum on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean? A. Persuasibility B. Scarcity C. Generality D. Practicability 64. What is the purpose of business innovation? A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C.Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65 Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C.They can bring huge commercial benefits. D.They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. 【答案】63-66 DADB 【导读】本文主要介绍了商业创新的概念和过程。商业创新是指组织引入新的想法、工作流程、方法、服务或产品的过程，其目的是创造价值，包括创造新的收入机会、提高效率、提高生产力或者性能等，从而实现核心业务目标和倡议。商业创新应该使整个组织都能够实现目标，并且可以带来竞争优势。商业创新与发明密切相关，但这两个术语并不完全等同。商业创新分为革命性和进化性，前者对产品、服务、流程等进行彻底改变，后者则是通过小步迭代来实现改进。商业创新既有好处又有风险，组织必须衡量风险并权衡收益。 【详解】 63.D【解析】结合语境以及该词之后的并列词语 feasibility and desirability可推知此处表述的是关于“领导者对于头脑风暴所提创意可行性的考虑”，其中 viability有“生存能力，耐用性 可行性”之意，结合选项分析，Practicability一词也有“实用性，可行性“之意，而 Persuasive 意为“有说服力的，劝诱的”，Scarcity意为“树缺的”，Generality意为“概括性的”，故选D。 64.A【解析】根据文章第二段第一句提及的 The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization可知，商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值，再结合下文对这种价值的具体讲述，可知A项的“为企业创造价值效益”表述正确，故选A。 65 D【解析】根据第三段内容可知，该段主要在讲述创新和发明两者概念的不同之处，再结合该段最后一句所举的“电话与智能手机”的相关例子,可推知A项表述错误:根据文章第三段第一句提及的 Innovation and invention are closely linked but the two terms are not interchangeable 可知，创新和发明紧密相连，但这两个术语不能互换，B项表述有误:C项文章未明确提及;结合文章第三段第三句提及的 The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope 可知，创新和发明的概念范围不同，D项表述正确，故选D。 66 B【解析】根据整篇文章内容分析，可知本文主要围绕 Business innovation词进行讲述，其中不仅提及了 Business innovation 一词的概念，还提出其改进的方向、实现目的以及相关的创新分类。除此以外，文章还对商业创新的积极影响和消极影响进行了简要概述。因此，结合选项分析，这篇文章讲述的主要内容是“业务创新需要考虑的因素”，即B项表述正确，故选B。 重点长难句： 1. **长难句**：Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. - **结构分析**：这是一个简单句，主语是 "Business innovation"，谓语是 "is"，表语是 "an organization's process"。介词短语 "for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products" 作后置定语修饰 "process"。 - **中文翻译**：商业创新是一个组织引入新思想、工作流程、方法论、服务或产品的过程。 2. **长难句**：Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. - **结构分析**：这个复合句由两个部分组成，第一部分是简单句 "Innovation often begins with idea generation"，第二部分是让步状语从句 "whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions"，接着是时间状语从句 "after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea"。 - **中文翻译**：创新通常始于创意生成，而在头脑风暴会议中，想法会被细化，之后领导者会考虑每个想法的商业可行性、可能性和可取性。 3. **长难句**：The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization, which can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels, from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both, or from improvements to productivity or performance. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主语是 "The purpose of the business innovation process"，谓语是 "is to create value for the organization"。后面跟了一个非限制性定语从句 "which can come from..." 来详细说明这种价值的来源。 - **中文翻译**：商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值，这种价值可以来自创造新的收入机会或通过现有渠道增加收入，也可以来自节省时间、金钱或两者兼有的效率提升，或来自生产力或性能的改进。 4. **长难句**：An invention is an entirely new creation, the process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. - **结构分析**：这个复合句包含多个子句。首先是简单句 "An invention is an entirely new creation"，然后是并列句 "the process of business innovation can produce an invention"，接着是让步状语从句 "but the term is broader in scope"，最后是并列的动名词短语 "includes the application... or applying new technology..."。 - **中文翻译**：发明是一个全新的创造，商业创新的过程可以产生发明，但这个术语的范围更广，包括以新的方式应用现有的概念或实践，或者将新技术应用到现有产品或流程中以改进它。 5. **长难句**：Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation, this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. - **结构分析**：这是一个复合句，主语是 "Disruptive innovation"，谓语是 "is"，表语是 "a category"。定语从句 "that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation" 修饰 "a category"。接着是一个同位语从句 "this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services" 来进一步解释 "Disruptive innovation"。 - **中文翻译**：颠覆性创新是一个强调革命性创新破坏性方面的类别，这个术语适用于导致创造一个取代现有市场或类似地，在产品或服务类别中引起重大动荡的商业创新。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$