精品解析：广州市2023-2024学年高一年级下学期八区期末联考考试英语试题

2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高一英语 2024.7 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（满分65分） 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Exploring the wonders of Yuanmingyuan is now easier than ever! By featuring over 190 beautiful paintings, models of buildings, and other artworks connected to this amazing garden-palace from the Qing dynasty, this special exhibition helps us learn about the lives of the emperors who lived there, the festivals they celebrated, and how they were related to each other. When you visit, you’ll get to see how this garden-palace was designed, hear stories about the people who lived there, and learn all about the Qing dynasty’s history. Full Access Ticket and Special Exhibition Ticket With a Full Access ticket, you can visit all the galleries. With a Special Exhibition ticket, you will have access to the thematic exhibitions (Gallery 1 to Gallery 7). Adults Discount Full Access Ticket (Gallery 1-9) HK$220 HK$110 Special Exhibition Ticket (Gallery 1—7) HK$150 HK$75 Discounts include children (age 7 to 11), full-time students, seniors (age 60 and above), persons with disabilities (with one companion). Entry is free for children age 6 and under (online booking and a valid Full Access ticket required). Group Tickets Travel agents ticket bookings (with 20 tickets or above) are now available for the Hong Kong Palace Museum. Please book your tickets through the online application form below at least two weeks before your visit. Our staff will be in touch within seven working days after receiving your application. Public Guided Tour Free guided tours of specific exhibitions are available for individual visitors. Please check the tour time and sign up at the G/F Information Counter. Limited quota (限额) is available on a first-come-first-serve basis. 1. What does Yuanmingyuan exhibition mainly show? A. The daily life of the emperors. B. The feature of Chinese paintings. C. The formation of the garden-palace. D. The building style of the Qing dynasty. 2. How much will a parent with two kids aged 9 and 6 pay for visiting all the 9 galleries? A. HK $220. B. HK $225. C. HK $330. D. HK $440. 3. What should visitors do to get free guided tours? A. Book online before the visit. B. Visit with a group of 20 people. C. Register any time they arrive. D. Arrive early within opening hours. B Puffins are adorable birds with big, colorful beaks (喙) that live in grassy cliffs in the Far North. One summer day, my husband and I boarded the boat to Flatey Island, eager to catch a glimpse of these charming creatures. As soon as the boat left the harbor, the rain started pouring. The wind picked up, and the boat began to jump. I was beginning to feel seasick. By the time we reached the island, my fingers were blue. The boat wouldn’t go back for four hours. We huddled under the shelter of a warehouse, wondering what to do. Then a woman wearing mittens (手套) came close to us. “You look cold,” she said. “Would you like to come to our house for lunch?” It was a small yellow house at the edge of the village. It was full of people, young and old. They made room for us at the table. We ate and drank a lot, and they told us all about the puffins and the other birds on the island. It was almost time for the boat to leave, our new friend Sigrid walked in the rain with us to the puffins’ cliffs. We sat still on the wet rocks, watching the birds fly right toward us, cocking their heads as if wondering what we were doing on their island. They made us laugh. When the boat whistle blew, Sigrid took my hand to say good-bye. “Your hands are so cold!” Slipping her mittens off, she handed them to me. “You need to have mittens for the boat ride,” she said. It’s been seventeen years, and I still have Sigrid’s mittens. They’re not fancy and bright like the puffin’s beak. But as much as I liked those funny little birds, it’s the mittens I think of when I remembered the island. I’ve spent years trying to be as kind to someone else as Sigrid was to me that day. 4. What was unexpected for the couple at first? A. Remote living place of the puffins. B. The peaceful boat ride. C. Delay in getting on board. D. The cold rainy weather. 5. What does the underlined word “huddled” mean in paragraph 3? A. Walked. B. Crowded. C. Chatted. D. Relaxed. 6. Which word can best describe the couple’s trip on Flatey Island? A. Disappointing. B. Struggling. C. Exciting. D. Heart-warming. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. Puffins and Mittens B. A Close Puffin Watching C. A Magical Trip to Flatey Island D. Surviving a Day with Sigrid C Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution. Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster, with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can produce more efficient spatial designs than humans can. Automation (自动化) scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to our crowded cities. They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels. Starting small, Zheng’s team tasked their model with designing the city area only a few square kilometers in size(about 3x3 blocks). After two days of training, the AI system searched for the ideal road layouts and land use to fit with the concept of the 15-minute city. While the AI model can increase its use for planning larger city areas, designing an entire city would be much more complex. Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4x4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3x3 blocks. But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time: the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through. Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics. Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback. 8. What does “that vision” refer to in paragraph 2? A. Building up a convenient and green city. B. Improving work efficiency in city design. C. Using AI widely to improve life in the city. D Creating more needs and services in the city. 9. How did Zheng’s team carry out their study? A. By comparing the perfomances of AI and humans. B. By asking AI to complete a design of an entire city. C. By training human designers for more challenging jobs. D. By holding a design competition between AI and humans. 10. Which is AI incapable of considering in city planning according to the study? A. Traffic level. B. Green spaces. C. Access to services. D. Public engagement. 11. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with? A. The use of AI will lead to less friendly cities. B. Humans should deal with minor tasks in city design. C. AI can work with humans to create more livable cities. D. AI will take the place of human experts in the future. D A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music. The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both. The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. Jazz pianists on the other hand focus on the “what”, meaning they are always prepared to improvise (即兴创作) and adapt the notes they’re playing. The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords (和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head. The study found that different processes occurred in the brains of the jazz and classical pianists. In particular, the jazz pianists’ brains began re-planning sooner than the classical pianists’ brains. The study found the classical pianists concentrated on the fingering and technique of their playing, while the jazz pianists were more prepared to change the notes they played. “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco. “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.” 12. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To explain “what” and “how” in playing the piano. B To introduce a study on playing styles of musicians. C. To compare the skill levels of jazz and classical pianists. D. To argue who are smarter between musicians of two fields. 13. What do classical pianists pay more attention to in their performances? A. The fingers they use. B. The patterns they perform. C. The notes they play. D. The atmosphere they create. 14. What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Major findings of the research. B. Explanation of research methods. C. Supporting evidence for the research results. D. Future application of the research findings. 15. Why are jazz players thought to be more flexible? A. They care more about playing technique. B. They are better at correcting musical mistakes. C. They are more ready for the change while playing. D. They are likely to add personal expression to the music. 第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分。） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It’s a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. ____16____ Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology,” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it’s costly.” ____17____ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls — a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship? Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide — the waste gas you breathe out — is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it’s done here on Earth — with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. ____18____ Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. ____19____ It’s compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature. Alas the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect-like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. ____20____ A. Algae can be a good choice. B. Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft. C. But Flynn thinks he has a solution. D. So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge. E. If only we could train them to fly a spaceship. F. This onboard recycling system has many advantages. G. The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs. 第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In central Afghanistan’s Bamyan Valley stands the famous Buddhas of Bamyan (巴米扬大佛). Hemmat was selling tickets for the cultural heritage inside a cool ticket office instead of in the ____21____ sun. However, that had not always been the ____22____. “In the past, we worked in the sun, snow and rain,” Hemmat said. Things have been ____23____ after the building of two ticket offices which are also ____24____ as conservation work stations in the daytime, and security guard positions at night. These ticket offices are built with the ____25____ of a group of young scholars from China’s universities, and Friends of Dunhuang, who have donated money for the ____26____. Due to years of war and economic hardships, ____27____ in Bamyan Valley were not ____28____ and cleaned for a long time, let alone being presented with an introduction. The ____29____ that were stopping the _____30_____ of the cultural heritage have been solved now. “With our specific suggestions and financial _____31_____, most of the caves near the Buddha site have been _____32_____ numbered and installed with introduction nameplates,” said Shao Xuecheng, a member of Friends of Dunhuang. In addition, the Chinese scholars started a _____33_____ to teach local children how to preserve cultural heritages. Kids from poor families could receive _____34_____ for free. China’s great efforts in cultural heritage protection have been widely _____35_____. “I am grateful to our Chinese friends,” Hemmat said. 21. A. burning B. rising C. warm D. golden 22. A. truth B. standard C. case D. tradition 23. A. unexpected B. worsened C. affected D. improved 24. A. regarded B. used C. described D. identified 25. A. assistance B. belief C. encouragement D. creativity 26. A. guards B. locals C. construction D. shelter 27. A. offices B. caves C. facilities D. buildings 28. A. explored B. discovered C. remembered D. numbered 29. A. ideas B. problems C. warnings D. puzzles 30. A. development B. challenges C. protection D. damage 31 A. support B. management C. planning D. report 32. A. officially B. intentionally C. carelessly D. easily 33. A. business B. program C. career D. study 34. A. food B. money C. information D. training 35. A. enjoyed B. recognized C. discussed D. ignored 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people hold at least one memory of a kite from their childhoods. It could be a sunny spring day in ____36____open area with family members. ____37____ the wind picks up, the flyer runs as fast as they can, until the kite climbs high into the sky and dances ____38____the air. Kites’ origins can date back to the late Spring and Autumn Period (770——476 BC). Historical accounts showed that philosopher Mozi spent three years crafting a wooden hawk, ____39____is believed to be a prototype (原型) of today’s kite. Later, Lu Ban made improvements by using bamboo instead of wood. Kites are considered one of the ____40____ (early) forms of aircraft. People observed birds and thought of using wood and paper ____41____ (make) objects that could fly in the sky. They ____42____ (drive) by curiosity and a spirit of scientific ____43____ (explore) to understand and make use of the power of wind. In China, Weifang, Beijing, Tianjin and Jiangsu province’s Nantong are four major areas that are celebrated for unique kite-making ____44____ (skill). Yet they all share the same devotion to preserving and _____45_____ (promote) traditional craftsmanship. 第三部分写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节单句填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 用必修第二册（Unit 4-5）必修第三册（Unit 1-5）和选择性必修第一册（Unit1）单词表词的正确形式填空。 46. ______ (受到启发) by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 47. Arriving at the finish line, Daniel saw lots of people waiting on boats to ______(欢迎)him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 48. The organization was formed with the ______ (目的) of helping local people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 49. Today, chopsticks have become a ______ (典型的) part of Chinese culture. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 50. We can choose how to ______(回应) to situations that are difficult, or boring, or dangerous. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 51. Her grandma was the most loving and giving person she knew, and it was her family’s ______ (责任) to take care of her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. Recently, we have ______ (争论) a great deal about whether we need much money. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. As the popular ______（谚语）goes, “Every minute counts!” Set a goal and get ahead! (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54 Yang Liwei was ______ (挑选) as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and had been Trained for spaceflight. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. The weather in May in South China is usually ______(温和的), suitable for an outing. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 请根据中文及括号内的提示翻译下列句子。将每一题的答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 56. 如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。（keep one’s eyes open）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 很荣幸能在这里与大家分享音乐对我生活的影响。（It’s an honor to..., have an impact on）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 58. 搬入新家之前，母亲让人把房子重新装修了一番，把地板都换了。（过去分词当宾补，redecorate）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. 学习外语已经被证明让人变得更聪明。（现在完成时被动语态）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. 该节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常为期3天。(fall on, lunar calendar)（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节书面表达（共1题，满分25分） 61. 假定你是李华，计划和同学一起在即将到来的英语文化节中进行戏剧表演。你准备写一封邮件给外教Mr.Smith。邮件的内容包括： 1.戏剧表演计划（戏剧名称、内容等）； 2.征求建议； 3.邀请指导。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；并在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高一英语 2024.7 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（满分65分） 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Exploring the wonders of Yuanmingyuan is now easier than ever! By featuring over 190 beautiful paintings, models of buildings, and other artworks connected to this amazing garden-palace from the Qing dynasty, this special exhibition helps us learn about the lives of the emperors who lived there, the festivals they celebrated, and how they were related to each other. When you visit, you’ll get to see how this garden-palace was designed, hear stories about the people who lived there, and learn all about the Qing dynasty’s history. Full Access Ticket and Special Exhibition Ticket With a Full Access ticket, you can visit all the galleries. With a Special Exhibition ticket, you will have access to the thematic exhibitions (Gallery 1 to Gallery 7). Adults Discount Full Access Ticket (Gallery 1-9) HK$220 HK$110 Special Exhibition Ticket (Gallery 1—7) HK$150 HK$75 Discounts include children (age 7 to 11), full-time students, seniors (age 60 and above), persons with disabilities (with one companion). Entry is free for children age 6 and under (online booking and a valid Full Access ticket required). Group Tickets Travel agents ticket bookings (with 20 tickets or above) are now available for the Hong Kong Palace Museum. Please book your tickets through the online application form below at least two weeks before your visit. Our staff will be in touch within seven working days after receiving your application. Public Guided Tour Free guided tours of specific exhibitions are available for individual visitors. Please check the tour time and sign up at the G/F Information Counter. Limited quota (限额) is available on a first-come-first-serve basis. 1. What does Yuanmingyuan exhibition mainly show? A. The daily life of the emperors. B. The feature of Chinese paintings. C. The formation of the garden-palace. D. The building style of the Qing dynasty. 2. How much will a parent with two kids aged 9 and 6 pay for visiting all the 9 galleries? A. HK $220. B. HK $225. C. HK $330. D. HK $440. 3. What should visitors do to get free guided tours? A. Book online before the visit. B. Visit with a group of 20 people. C. Register any time they arrive. D. Arrive early within opening hours. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了关于探索圆明园奇观的特别展览以及相关的门票信息和参观指南。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“By featuring over 190 beautiful paintings, models of buildings, and other artworks connected to this amazing garden-palace from the Qing dynasty, this special exhibition helps us learn about the lives of the emperors who lived there, the festivals they celebrated, and how they were related to each other. When you visit, you’ll get to see how this garden-palace was designed, hear stories about the people who lived there, and learn all about the Qing dynasty’s history.(通过展示190多幅美丽的绘画、建筑模型和其他与清朝这座令人惊叹的花园宫殿有关的艺术品，这个特别的展览帮助我们了解住在那里的皇帝的生活，他们庆祝的节日，以及他们彼此之间的关系。当你参观时，你会看到这座花园宫殿是如何设计的，听到住在那里的人的故事，并了解清朝的历史。)”可知，圆明园展览主要展示花园宫殿的形成。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格里的“Full Access Ticket (Gallery 1-9)（全票（展览厅1-9）)”，“Adults(HK$220)，Discount(折扣) HK$110(成人220港元，折扣票110港元)”及表格下方“Discounts include children (age 7 to 11), full-time students, seniors (age 60 and above), persons with disabilities (with one companion). Entry is free for children age 6 and under (online booking and a valid Full Access ticket required).(折扣包括儿童（7至11岁）、全日制学生、长者（60岁或以上）、残疾人士（一人陪同）。6岁及以下儿童免费入场（需要在线预订和有效的全通道票）。)”可知，6岁孩子免费，9岁孩子买折扣票，带着9岁和6岁孩子的一位家长参观全部9个画廊需要支付的钱是HK $220+HK $110=HK $330。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Free guided tours of specific exhibitions are available for individual visitors.(个人游客可以获得特定展览的免费导游服务。)”和“Limited quota (限额) is available on a first-come-first-serve basis.(名额有限，先到先得。)”可知，游客在开放时间内早点到达才能获得免费导游服务。故选D。 B Puffins are adorable birds with big, colorful beaks (喙) that live in grassy cliffs in the Far North. One summer day, my husband and I boarded the boat to Flatey Island, eager to catch a glimpse of these charming creatures. As soon as the boat left the harbor, the rain started pouring. The wind picked up, and the boat began to jump. I was beginning to feel seasick. By the time we reached the island, my fingers were blue. The boat wouldn’t go back for four hours. We huddled under the shelter of a warehouse, wondering what to do. Then a woman wearing mittens (手套) came close to us. “You look cold,” she said. “Would you like to come to our house for lunch?” It was a small yellow house at the edge of the village. It was full of people, young and old. They made room for us at the table. We ate and drank a lot, and they told us all about the puffins and the other birds on the island. It was almost time for the boat to leave, our new friend Sigrid walked in the rain with us to the puffins’ cliffs. We sat still on the wet rocks, watching the birds fly right toward us, cocking their heads as if wondering what we were doing on their island. They made us laugh. When the boat whistle blew, Sigrid took my hand to say good-bye. “Your hands are so cold!” Slipping her mittens off, she handed them to me. “You need to have mittens for the boat ride,” she said. It’s been seventeen years, and I still have Sigrid’s mittens. They’re not fancy and bright like the puffin’s beak. But as much as I liked those funny little birds, it’s the mittens I think of when I remembered the island. I’ve spent years trying to be as kind to someone else as Sigrid was to me that day. 4. What was unexpected for the couple at first? A. Remote living place of the puffins. B. The peaceful boat ride. C. Delay in getting on board. D. The cold rainy weather. 5. What does the underlined word “huddled” mean in paragraph 3? A. Walked. B. Crowded. C. Chatted. D. Relaxed. 6. Which word can best describe the couple’s trip on Flatey Island? A. Disappointing. B. Struggling. C. Exciting. D. Heart-warming. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. Puffins and Mittens B. A Close Puffin Watching C. A Magical Trip to Flatey Island D. Surviving a Day with Sigrid 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在一个夏日里前往Flatey岛观赏海鹦（一种可爱的鸟类）的经历。在遭遇恶劣天气和身体不适的情况下，他们遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid对其进行帮助。这些经历让作者深深感受到了人与人之间的温暖和善意。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As soon as the boat left the harbor, the rain started pouring. The wind picked up, and the boat began to jump. I was beginning to feel seasick.(船一离开港口，就下起了倾盆大雨。风起了，船开始颠簸。我开始觉得晕船了。)”可知，当船离开港口时，突然下起了大雨，风也大了起来，船开始颠簸，作者开始感到晕船。这表明最初这对夫妇没有预料到会遇到如此寒冷的雨天。故选D。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词前面的句子“By the time we reached the island, my fingers were blue. The boat wouldn’t go back for four hours.(当我们到达小岛时，我的手指都发青了。这艘船要四个小时才能返航。)”以及后文“Then a woman wearing mittens(手套) came close to us. “You look cold,” she said. (然后一个戴着手套的女人走近我们。“你看起来很冷，”她说。)”可知，当作者和丈夫到达岛屿时，手指都冻青了，船还需要四个小时后才会返回。因此，他们在仓库的庇护下挤成一团（缩在一起抵御寒冷），想知道接下来该做什么。故划线词与B选项“Crowded.(拥挤的)”为同义词。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the boat whistle blew, Sigrid took my hand to say good-bye. “Your hands are so cold!” Slipping her mittens off, she handed them to me. “You need to have mittens for the boat ride,” she said.( 船鸣笛时，Sigrid拉着我的手说再见。“你的手好冷啊!”她脱下手套，递给我。“乘船时你需要戴上连指手套，”她说。)”以及最后一段中“It’s been seventeen years, and I still have Sigrid’s mittens. They’re not fancy and bright like the puffin’s beak. But as much as I liked those funny little birds, it’s the mittens I think of when I remembered the island. I’ve spent years trying to be as kind to someone else as Sigrid was to me that day.( 十七年过去了，我还留着Sigrid的连指手套。它们不像海雀的嘴那样华丽明亮。尽管我很喜欢那些有趣的小鸟，但当我想起那个岛时，我想到的却是那副连指手套。多年来，我一直努力像西格丽德那天对我那样善待别人。)”可知，尽管这对夫妇最初遇到了不利的天气条件和困难，但他们遇到了善良的Sigrid，她的热情和善良给他们的旅程带来了温暖。特别是她把手套送给作者以抵御船上的寒冷，这一行为让作者印象深刻，并让她在之后的岁月里努力向别人展现同样的善良。因此，这次旅行可以被描述为“暖心的”。故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在前往Flatey岛观看海鹦的过程中遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid，并讲述了她把手套送给作者以抵御船上的寒冷的温暖故事，这一温暖的行为让作者印象深刻，并让她在之后的岁月里努力向别人展现同样的善良。因此，选项A“Puffins and Mittens(海鹦和手套)”既包含了文章的主题元素——海鹦，也反映了文章的核心情感——手套所代表的善良和温暖，因此是最佳标题。故选A。 C Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution. Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster, with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can produce more efficient spatial designs than humans can. Automation (自动化) scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to our crowded cities. They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels. Starting small, Zheng’s team tasked their model with designing the city area only a few square kilometers in size(about 3x3 blocks). After two days of training, the AI system searched for the ideal road layouts and land use to fit with the concept of the 15-minute city. While the AI model can increase its use for planning larger city areas, designing an entire city would be much more complex. Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4x4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3x3 blocks. But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time: the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through. Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics. Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback. 8. What does “that vision” refer to in paragraph 2? A. Building up a convenient and green city. B. Improving work efficiency in city design. C. Using AI widely to improve life in the city. D. Creating more needs and services in the city. 9. How did Zheng’s team carry out their study? A. By comparing the perfomances of AI and humans. B. By asking AI to complete a design of an entire city. C. By training human designers for more challenging jobs. D. By holding a design competition between AI and humans. 10. Which is AI incapable of considering in city planning according to the study? A. Traffic level. B. Green spaces. C. Access to services. D. Public engagement. 11. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with? A. The use of AI will lead to less friendly cities. B. Humans should deal with minor tasks in city design. C. AI can work with humans to create more livable cities. D. AI will take the place of human experts in the future. 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论如何利用人工智能（AI）在城市规划中实现15分钟城市的概念，即居民的所有基本需求和服务都能在15分钟内得到满足，以提高公共健康和减少污染。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine living in a cool, green city filled with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach, improving public health and reducing pollution.(想象一下，生活在一个凉爽、绿色的城市里，到处都是公园，人行道、自行车道和公共汽车，这些公共汽车可以在几分钟内把人们送到商店、学校和服务中心。这个奇特的梦想是“15分钟城市”理念的背后，在这里，所有的基本需求和服务都在一刻钟的时间内到达，改善了公众健康，减少了污染。)”以及划线词所在的句子“Artificial intelligence could help city planners realize that vision faster(人工智能可以帮助城市规划者更快地实现这一愿景)”可知，此处的“愿景”指的是前文所提的“这个奇特的梦想是‘15分钟城市’理念”，即建设便捷绿色城市。故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“They developed an AI system to deal with the tough tasks of city planning and found it can produce city plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent on three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels.(他们开发了一种人工智能系统来处理城市规划的艰巨任务，并发现它可以在服务可及性、绿地和交通水平三个方面比人类设计的城市规划高出约50%。)”可知，在Zheng团队的研究中，他们通过比较人工智能和人类在城市规划方面的性能来进行实验，AI系统在服务可达性、绿地面积和交通水平三个方面优于人类设计约50%。由此该研究是通过比较的方式开展的。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Automating certain tasks of city planning would free up human planners to focus on more challenging or human-centric tasks, such as public engagement and aesthetics.(自动化城市规划的某些任务将使人类规划师能够专注于更具挑战性或以人为本的任务，如公众参与和美学设计。)”可知，自动化城市规划任务可以让人类规划师专注于更具挑战性或以人为中心的任务，如公众参与和美学，暗示AI目前无法考虑这些因素。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng thinks their AI system can work as an “assistant” to city planners, who could produce concept designs that are improved by the system, and reviewed, adjusted by human experts based on community feedback.(郑认为，他们的人工智能系统可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，而不是人工智能取代人类，他们可以产生由系统改进的概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行审查和调整。)”可知，作者认为人工智能可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，帮助完成概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行调整即人工智能可以与人类合作，创造更宜居的城市。故选C。 D A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music. The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both. The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. Jazz pianists on the other hand focus on the “what”, meaning they are always prepared to improvise (即兴创作) and adapt the notes they’re playing. The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords (和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head. The study found that different processes occurred in the brains of the jazz and classical pianists. In particular, the jazz pianists’ brains began re-planning sooner than the classical pianists’ brains. The study found the classical pianists concentrated on the fingering and technique of their playing, while the jazz pianists were more prepared to change the notes they played. “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco. “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.” 12. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To explain “what” and “how” in playing the piano. B. To introduce a study on playing styles of musicians. C. To compare the skill levels of jazz and classical pianists. D. To argue who are smarter between musicians of two fields. 13. What do classical pianists pay more attention to in their performances? A. The fingers they use. B. The patterns they perform. C. The notes they play. D. The atmosphere they create. 14. What does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Major findings of the research. B. Explanation of research methods. C. Supporting evidence for the research results. D. Future application of the research findings. 15. Why are jazz players thought to be more flexible? A. They care more about playing technique. B. They are better at correcting musical mistakes. C. They are more ready for the change while playing. D. They are likely to add personal expression to the music. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述一项研究发现，即使演奏同一首音乐，从事两种领域的音乐家的大脑活动也有显著的不同，介绍了不同音乐风格对音乐家大脑活动的影响，特别是古典与爵士音乐风格之间的对比，以及这两种风格下音乐家大脑处理音乐的差异。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music.(马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究发现，在这两个领域工作的音乐家表现出明显不同的大脑活动，即使他们在演奏同样的音乐。)”以及第二段中“The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both.( 这项研究可以帮助解释为什么音乐家似乎在一种或另一种风格中脱颖而出，而不是两者兼而有之。)”可知，文章主要介绍了马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究，该研究发现演奏不同风格音乐的音乐家在大脑活动上存在显著差异，这有助于解释为什么音乐家通常只擅长一种风格而不是两种。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于音乐家演奏风格的研究。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study outlines two steps in playing the piano: what the pianist is going to play — meaning the keys they press — and how they are going to play — which fingers they should use. Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step — the “how”. This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece. (这项研究概述了弹钢琴的两个步骤：钢琴家要弹什么——指的是他们按的键——以及他们要怎么弹——他们应该用哪根手指。古典钢琴家倾向于关注第二步——“如何”。这意味着他们的重点是技术和他们添加到作品中的个人表达。)”可知，古典钢琴家更关注“如何演奏”，也就是指法和技术，因此他们在表演中更注重使用的手指。故选A。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical. Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords(和音) on a screen. The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering. The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head.( 这项研究包括30名专业钢琴家，其中一半是爵士演奏者，一半是古典演奏者。两组人都在屏幕上看到一只手在弹奏一系列和弦。该序列排列不规则，在和声和指法上都有错误。钢琴家们必须重现手的动作，并对不规则的动作做出反应，同时他们的大脑信号被头上的传感器记录下来。)”可知，本段描述了研究的具体过程，包括参与者的选择、实验设置、实验过程以及数据的收集方式等，这些都是对研究方法的解释。因此，本段主要聚焦于研究方法的解释。故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ “In the jazz pianists we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano,” says researcher Roberta Bianco.  “When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to re-plan he actions faster than classical pianists. Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.”(‘我们从爵士乐钢琴家的大脑信号中发现了弹钢琴时规划和声的灵活性的证据。’研究人员Roberta Bianco说：‘当我们要求他们演奏一个意想不到的和弦时，他们的大脑开始比古典钢琴家更快地重新规划行动。因此，他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。’)”可知，研究者从爵士乐钢琴家的脑电波中发现了他们演奏和弦时计划的灵活性，并且当要求他们演奏一个和声上意外的和弦时，他们的大脑开始更快地重新规划动作，因此他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。由此可知，爵士乐钢琴家被认为更灵活是因为他们在演奏中更准备好改变。故选C。 第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分。） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It’s a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. ____16____ Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology,” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it’s costly.” ____17____ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls — a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship? Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide — the waste gas you breathe out — is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it’s done here on Earth — with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. ____18____ Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. ____19____ It’s compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature. Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect-like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. ____20____ A. Algae can be a good choice. B. Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft. C. But Flynn thinks he has a solution. D. So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge. E. If only we could train them to fly a spaceship. F. This onboard recycling system has many advantages. G. The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了关于火星之旅的挑战、成本问题以及一种可能的解决方案——使用Water Walls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It’s a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need.(将宇航员送上火星是一项巨大的挑战。这是一段漫长而危险的旅程。宇航员将不得不带上他们所需要的一切)”可知，设空位于段尾是对前文的总结，所以D项“So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.(所以火星之旅充满了打包的挑战)”符合文意，是对前文的总结，宇航员需要带上很多东西，但是空间有限，所以充满了打包的挑战。故选D项。 【17题详解】 根据第二段“Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology,” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it’s costly.”(向太空发射东西是昂贵的。“为了到达火星，我们已经有了技术，”迈克尔·弗林说。“问题是，成本太高了。”)”可知，此处是讲述送东西到火星，成本太高，后文“Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship?(与其建造一艘沉重的宇宙飞船并把它装满东西，为什么不建造Water Walls——一个回收系统，把这些东西作为宇宙飞船的一部分呢?)”可知，是提出一种解决方法，所以C项“But Flynn thinks he has a solution.(但弗林认为他有办法)”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide——the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it’s done here on Earth—with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft.(制造氧气和带走二氧化碳——你呼出的废气——是太空中的一个问题。Water Walls会像在地球上一样通过植物去除二氧化碳。活的植物吸收二氧化碳来制造食物，并释放氧气。但是植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长)”可知，前文讲述植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长，再根据后文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.(藻类是生活在水中的微小植物)”可知，后文开始介绍藻类，所以空处应是提到用藻类解决指物很难在宇宙飞船中生长问题，所以A项“Algae can be a good choice.(藻类是一个不错的选择)”符合文意，提出解决方案，引出下文。故选A项。 19题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“It’s compact (紧密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.(它紧凑、高效，而且不需要很多可能会坏掉的花哨机器。前往火星的任务将要求宇航员回归大自然)”可知，本段在讲述Water Walls回收系统的优点，所以F项“This onboard recycling system has many advantages.(这种机载回收系统有许多优点)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。 【20题详解】 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect-like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years.(唉，人体需要很多帮助才能在太空中生存。要是我们更像水熊虫就好了!缓步动物是一种非常小的昆虫状生物，生活在土壤中。当它们发现自己有危险时，它们会把自己卷成一团，然后干死。在这种状态下，他们可以在没有食物和水的情况下生存100年)”可知，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，所以E项“If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.(要是我们能训练他们驾驶宇宙飞船就好了)”是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E项。 第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In central Afghanistan’s Bamyan Valley stands the famous Buddhas of Bamyan (巴米扬大佛). Hemmat was selling tickets for the cultural heritage inside a cool ticket office instead of in the ____21____ sun. However, that had not always been the ____22____. “In the past, we worked in the sun, snow and rain,” Hemmat said. Things have been ____23____ after the building of two ticket offices which are also ____24____ as conservation work stations in the daytime, and security guard positions at night. These ticket offices are built with the ____25____ of a group of young scholars from China’s universities, and Friends of Dunhuang, who have donated money for the ____26____. Due to years of war and economic hardships, ____27____ in Bamyan Valley were not ____28____ and cleaned for a long time, let alone being presented with an introduction. The ____29____ that were stopping the _____30_____ of the cultural heritage have been solved now. “With our specific suggestions and financial _____31_____, most of the caves near the Buddha site have been _____32_____ numbered and installed with introduction nameplates,” said Shao Xuecheng, a member of Friends of Dunhuang. In addition, the Chinese scholars started a _____33_____ to teach local children how to preserve cultural heritages. Kids from poor families could receive _____34_____ for free. China’s great efforts in cultural heritage protection have been widely _____35_____. “I am grateful to our Chinese friends,” Hemmat said. 21. A. burning B. rising C. warm D. golden 22. A. truth B. standard C. case D. tradition 23. A. unexpected B. worsened C. affected D. improved 24. A. regarded B. used C. described D. identified 25. A. assistance B. belief C. encouragement D. creativity 26. A. guards B. locals C. construction D. shelter 27. A. offices B. caves C. facilities D. buildings 28. A. explored B. discovered C. remembered D. numbered 29. A. ideas B. problems C. warnings D. puzzles 30. A. development B. challenges C. protection D. damage 31. A. support B. management C. planning D. report 32. A. officially B. intentionally C. carelessly D. easily 33. A. business B. program C. career D. study 34. A. food B. money C. information D. training 35. A. enjoyed B. recognized C. discussed D. ignored 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国在阿富汗巴米扬山谷的文化遗产保护工作中所做出的贡献和努力。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hemmat在凉爽的售票处出售文化遗产门票，而不是在烈日下。A. burning炙热的；B. rising升起的；C. warm温暖的；D. golden金色的。根据上文“inside a cool ticket office instead of”可知，Hemmat没有在烈日下卖票，而是在凉爽的售票处，空格处意为“炙热的”。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，之前情况并非总是如此。A. truth真相；B. standard标准；C. case情况；D. tradition传统。根据下文“In the past, we worked in the sun, snow and rain”可知，在以前，情况并不是上文所描述的那样。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善，售票处白天也用作保护工作站，晚上也用作保安岗位。A. unexpected出乎意料；B. worsened恶化；C. affected影响；D. improved改善。根据下文“after the building of two ticket offices”可知，在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善，售票处白天也用作保护工作站，晚上也用作保安岗位。A. regarded认为；B. used用；C. described描述；D. identified识别。根据下文“as conservation work stations”可知，售票处被当作保护工作站，be used as意为“被用作”。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些售票处是在一群来自中国大学的年轻学者和敦煌之友的帮助下建造的，他们为建造提供了资金。A. assistance帮助；B. belief信念；C. encouragement鼓励；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“who have donated money”可知，年轻学者和敦煌之友帮助建了售票处。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些售票处是在一群来自中国大学的年轻学者和敦煌之友的帮助下建造的，他们为建造提供了资金。A. guards守卫；B. locals当地人；C. construction建造；D. shelter避难所。根据上文“These ticket offices are built with the ___5__ of a group of young scholars from China’s universities, and Friends of Dunhuang”可知，年轻学者和敦煌之友为了建售票处提供资金。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于多年的战争和经济困难，巴米扬山谷的洞穴很长一段时间没有编号和清洁，更不用说介绍了。A. offices办公室；B. caves洞穴；C. facilities设施；D. buildings建筑。根据下文“most of the caves near the Buddha site have been __12__ numbered”可知，此处表示巴米扬山谷中的洞穴没有编号。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于多年的战争和经济困难，巴米扬山谷的洞穴很长一段时间没有编号和清洁，更不用说介绍了。A. explored探索；B. discovered发现；C. remembered记得；D. numbered编号。根据下文“most of the caves near the Buddha site have been__12__numbered”可知，巴米扬山谷的洞穴很长一段时间没有编号。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：阻碍文化遗产保护的问题现在已经解决了。A. ideas想法；B. problems问题；C. warnings警告；D. puzzles谜题。根据上文“years of war and economic hardships”和下文“that were stopping the___10__of the cultural heritage”可知，此处表示阻碍文化遗产保护的一些问题。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：阻碍文化遗产保护的问题现在已经解决了。A. development发展；B. challenges挑战；C. protection保护；D. damage破坏。根据上文“___7__ in Bamyan Valley were not __8__ and cleaned”可知，文化遗产的保护遇到了问题。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：敦煌之友的成员邵学成表示：“在我们的具体建议和资金支持下，佛寺附近的大多数洞穴都已正式编号，并安装了介绍铭牌。”A. support支持；B. management管理；C. planning计划；D. report报道。根据上一段“Friends of Dunhuang, who have donated money”可知，在敦煌之友的资金支持下，大多数洞穴被编号。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：敦煌之友的成员邵学成表示：“在我们的具体建议和资金支持下，佛寺附近的大多数洞穴都已正式编号，并安装了介绍铭牌。”A. officially正式地；B. intentionally故意地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. easily容易地。根据下文“numbered and installed with introduction nameplates”可知，那些洞穴是被正式编号的。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，中国学者还启动了一个项目，教当地儿童如何保护文化遗产。A. business生意；B. program项目；C. career职业，生涯；D. study学习。根据下文“to teach local children how to preserve cultural heritages”可知，中国学者启动了一个项目来教当地儿童如何保护文化遗产。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贫困家庭的孩子可以免费接受培训。A. food食物；B. money钱；C. information信息；D. training培训。根据上文“the Chinese scholars started a __13___ to teach local children how to preserve cultural heritages”可知，此处表示中国学者启动了项目来教当地儿童如何保护文化遗产，贫困家庭的孩子可以免费接受培训。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国在文化遗产保护方面的巨大努力得到了广泛认可。A. enjoyed喜欢；B. recognized认可；C. discussed讨论；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“I am grateful to our Chinese friends”可知，作为当地人的Hemmat对中国朋友是感激的，由此可见，中国在文化遗产保护方面的巨大努力得到了广泛认可。故选B。 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people hold at least one memory of a kite from their childhoods. It could be a sunny spring day in ____36____open area with family members. ____37____ the wind picks up, the flyer runs as fast as they can, until the kite climbs high into the sky and dances ____38____the air. Kites’ origins can date back to the late Spring and Autumn Period (770——476 BC). Historical accounts showed that philosopher Mozi spent three years crafting a wooden hawk, ____39____is believed to be a prototype (原型) of today’s kite. Later, Lu Ban made improvements by using bamboo instead of wood. Kites are considered one of the ____40____ (early) forms of aircraft. People observed birds and thought of using wood and paper ____41____ (make) objects that could fly in the sky. They ____42____ (drive) by curiosity and a spirit of scientific ____43____ (explore) to understand and make use of the power of wind. In China, Weifang, Beijing, Tianjin and Jiangsu province’s Nantong are four major areas that are celebrated for unique kite-making ____44____ (skill). Yet they all share the same devotion to preserving and _____45_____ (promote) traditional craftsmanship. 【答案】36. an 37. As 38. in 39. which 40. earliest 41. to make 42. were driven 43. exploration 44. skills 45. promoting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风筝的起源。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这可能是一个阳光明媚的春日，和家人在开阔的地方。 短语in an open area，意为“在一个空旷的地区”，这里用冠词修饰名词area表泛指，open是以元音音素开头，故填an。 【37题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：当风起的时候，风筝会以最快的速度奔跑，直到风筝爬上天空，在空中跳舞。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，用连词as，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。短语in the air，意为“在空中”，符合句意，故填in。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：历史记载表明，哲学家墨子花了三年时间制作了一只木制的鹰，这被认为是今天风筝的原型。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a wooden hawk，从句中缺少主语，故填which。 【40题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：风筝被认为是最早飞行器之一。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词，根据句意可知表示最早的，应用形容词最高级，故填earliest。 【41题详解】 考查不定式。句意：人们观察到鸟类，就想到用木头和纸制作可以在空中飞行的物体。短语use…to do…，意为“使用……去做……”，符合句意，故填to make。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在好奇心和科学探索精神的驱使下，他们了解并利用了风的力量。设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语They，谓语用复数形式，故填were driven。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为介词of的宾语，应用名词exploration，这里表科学探索，不可数，故填exploration。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：在中国，潍坊、北京、天津和江苏南通是四大以独特的风筝制作技术而闻名的地区。设空处为介词for的宾语，应用名词skill，这里表示泛指技术，应用复数形式，故填skills。 【45题详解】 考查动名词。句意：然而，他们都致力于保护和推广传统工艺。设空处和preserving并列作to宾语，应用动名词，故填promoting。 第三部分写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节单句填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 用必修第二册（Unit 4-5）必修第三册（Unit 1-5）和选择性必修第一册（Unit1）单词表词的正确形式填空。 46. ______ (受到启发) by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】Inspired 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受海豚的启发，人们学会了如何在水下发送信号。“启发”inspire，句中谓语是have learnt，空格处用非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语people之间是被动关系，所以空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Inspired。 47. Arriving at the finish line, Daniel saw lots of people waiting on boats to ______(欢迎)him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】welcome##greet 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：到达终点线时，丹尼尔看到很多人在船上等着欢迎他。设空处使用动词与空前的to构成不定式结构（作目的状语），表示“欢迎”用welcome或者greet。故填welcome/greet。 48. The organization was formed with the ______ (目的) of helping local people. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】aim 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：该组织成立的目的是帮助当地人民。“目的”为名词aim作宾语，with the aim of doing sth.意为“旨在做某事”，故填aim。 49. Today, chopsticks have become a ______ (典型的) part of Chinese culture. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】typical 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：今天，筷子已经成为中国文化的一个典型组成部分。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词typical“典型的”，作定语修饰后面的名词。故填typical。 50. We can choose how to ______(回应) to situations that are difficult, or boring, or dangerous. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】respond 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们可以选择如何应对困难、无聊或危险的情况。how to to意为“如何做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，“回应”的动词是respond。故填respond。 51. Her grandma was the most loving and giving person she knew, and it was her family’s ______ (责任) to take care of her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】responsibility 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的奶奶是她所知道的最慈爱和最慷慨的人，照顾她是她家人的责任。根据汉语提示“责任”，应填入名词 responsibility，作句子表语，故填responsibility。 52. Recently, we have ______ (争论) a great deal about whether we need much money. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】argued 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：最近，我们对是否需要很多钱进行了大量争论。“争论”argue，动词应用过去分词形式，与空前的have构成现在完成时，符合题意。故填argued。 53. As the popular ______（谚语）goes, “Every minute counts!” Set a goal and get ahead! (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】saying 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：常言道：“分秒必争！”设定一个目标，然后向前迈进！“谚语”为saying，此处特指，所以用单数。故填saying。 54. Yang Liwei was ______ (挑选) as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and had been Trained for spaceflight. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】selected 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：杨利伟在1998年被选为宇航员候选人，并接受了太空飞行训练。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词select“挑选”，在句中作谓语。根据空前的was可知，本句话一般过去时态的被动语态，表示“杨利伟被选中”，所以空处需要过去分词。故填selected。 55. The weather in May in South China is usually ______(温和的), suitable for an outing. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】mild#gentle 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国南方五月的天气通常是温和的，适合郊游。设空处使用形容词作表语。形容天气，表示“温和的”用mild或gentle。故填mild或gentle。 第二节句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 请根据中文及括号内的提示翻译下列句子。将每一题的答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 56. 如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。（keep one’s eyes open）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语、并列连词和宾语从句。根据句意可知，该句的前半部分为if引导的条件状语从句，主句表示将来要发生的事，应使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时表示将来的动作，表示“你留心观察”应为keep your eyes open，主语为you，所以从句译为if you keep your eyes open，位于句首，if的首字母需大写；表示“你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”应为主句，使用一般将来时，表示“惊讶地发现”应为be surprised to find，主语是you，所以be动词为are，所以“你会惊讶地发现”应译为you will be surprised to find；表示“你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”为宾语从句作find的宾语，表示“你可以看到”应为you can see，表示“既……也……”应为both…and…连接并列结构，表示“他的过去”应为its past，表示“他的现在”应为its present，使用both…and…将其连接，共同作see的宾语，即both its past and its present，所以宾语从句译为you can see both its past and its present，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引导宾语从句，所以“你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在”译为you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present。故翻译为If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 57. 很荣幸能在这里与大家分享音乐对我生活的影响。（It’s an honor to..., have an impact on）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It's an honor to be here to share with you the impact that music has had on my life. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句。表示“很荣幸”应使用It's an honor to...结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为to do不定式；表示“与某人分享某物”短语为share sth with sb；表示“对……的影响”短语为have an impact on...；“音乐”在句中作为先行词，后跟that引导的定语从句，故翻译为It's an honor to be here to share with you the impact that music has had on my life。 58. 搬入新家之前，母亲让人把房子重新装修了一番，把地板都换了。（过去分词当宾补，redecorate）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Before moving into the new home, my mother had the house redecorated and all the floors replaced. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“搬入新家之前”在句中作时间状语，用短语结构“before+V-ing…”表达，其中“搬入新家”用动词短语“move into the new house”表达，动词用动名词形式，即“before moving into the new house”。“母亲”为主语，用“my mother”表达；“让人把房子重新装修了一番”用动词短语“have sth done”表达，过去分词作宾语补足语，结合语境，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，即“had”；“房子”用“the house”表达；“重新装修了一番”用动词“redecorate”表达，与house之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式“redecorated”，即“had the house redecorated”；“把地板都换了”同样用“have sth done”表达，“have”用过去式“had”，“地板”用“all the floors”表达，“更换”用动词“replace”表达，与the floors之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式“replaced”作宾语补足语，即“had all the floors replaced”，与之前的“had the house redecorated”并列，因此可将此处的“had”省略，用and连接两个并列短语。故翻译为：Before moving into the new home, my mother had the house renovated and all the floors replaced. 59. 学习外语已经被证明让人变得更聪明。（现在完成时被动语态）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Learning a foreign language has been proven to make people smarter. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。表示“学习外语”用learning a foreign language，此处使用动名词作主语，为单数。表示“已经被证明去做某事”使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，即have been proven to do sth ；表示“让人变得更聪明”用make people smarter，此处使用形容词smart的比较级smarter作宾补结构。故翻译为Learning a foreign language has been proven to make people smarter. 60. 该节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常期3天。(fall on, lunar calendar)（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The festival falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year and usually lasts for three days. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。“该节日”可翻译为“the festival”，在句中作主语。fall on“落在”，这是一个习惯用法，用来描述事件发生的日期。该动词短语在句中作谓语动词。本句话描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时态。“每年农历六月初四”可翻译为“the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year”。用and连列两个并列的动词在句中作谓语。“持续”可用动词“last”，在句中作并列谓语。“为期三天”可以翻译为“last for three days”。“通常”可以用副词“usually”。故翻译为The festival falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year and usually lasts for three days. 第三节书面表达（共1题，满分25分） 61. 假定你是李华，计划和同学一起在即将到来的英语文化节中进行戏剧表演。你准备写一封邮件给外教Mr.Smith。邮件的内容包括： 1.戏剧表演计划（戏剧名称、内容等）； 2.征求建议； 3.邀请指导。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；并在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mr. Smith, I am planning to perform a drama with my classmates at the upcoming English Cultural Festival. I am writing to invite you to give us some helpful advice. We will perform the highlights of William Shakespeare Hamlet, which is well-known to most Chinese people. How can we perform well and naturally at the stage? What can we do to better show the character’s characteristics? Can you give us some guidance on how to improve our performance? We would appreciate it if you could be present and give us some suggestions. We are looking forward to your arrival. Yours sincerely Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Smith写一封邮件，就你和同学计划一起在即将到来的英语文化节中进行戏剧表演一事征求建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有用的：helpful→useful 特点：characteristics→features 建议：advice→tips 提高：improve→enhance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to invite you to give us some helpful advice. 拓展句：Since you have studied so much about drama performance, I am writing to invite you to give us some helpful advice. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 We will perform the highlights of William Shakespeare Hamlet, which is well-known to most Chinese people. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句) 高分句型2】 We would appreciate it if you could be present and give us some suggestions.(运用了固定句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$