精品解析：江苏省南京市某校2023-2024学年高一下学期5月阶段考试英语试题

2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级5月阶段性考试英语试卷 本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. In a factory. C. In a hotel. 2. When will the speakers arrive at the airport probably? A. At 3: 30. B. At 4: 30. C. At 5: 30. 3. What suggestion does the woman give to the man? A. Avoiding working at night. B. Getting all the parts from Japan. C. Buying a new washing machine. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to get to New York. B. How to enter for a course. C. How to get a driving licence. 5. What kept the woman awake last night? A. The heat. B. The repairs of the power. C. The storm. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To cancel their plan. B. To make an invitation. C. To ask for information. 7. What does the man decide to do this evening? A. See a band show. B. Buy tickets online. C. Accompany his parents. 听下面一段对话，回答第8、9题。 8. How is the house usually heated? A. By coal. B. By electricity. C. By wood. 9. What will the woman do next? A. Make a phone call. B. Buy a heater. C. Cook supper. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至13题。 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Colleagues. C. Husband and wife. 11. What did the man do this afternoon? A. He did his work. B. He took some exercise. C. He fixed his computer. 12. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Go out somewhere. B. Help her with the paper. C. Stop playing a musical instrument. 13. How does the man feel about the woman’s request? A. Shocked. B. Embarrassed. C. Angry. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。 14. What’s the conversation mainly about? A. Fighting fire. B. Detecting fire. C. Preventing fire. 15. What can we know from the conversation? A. Australia lost 4% of its trees. B. The system is used in America. C. The system will use heat cameras. 16. What size of fire can the new system discover? A. The size of a car. B. The size of a plane. C. The size of a football field. 17. What is the woman’s concern besides trees? A. Protecting humans. B. Purifying the air. C. Saving animals. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the speaker doing? A. Teaching a class. B. Reporting a study. C. Chairing a meeting. 19 What is the most important part of taking notes? A. Reading. B. Listening. C. Writing. 20. What is one of the advantages of using symbols? A. It keeps information secret. B. It leaves space for future use. C. It makes key words noticeable. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it’s quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 1. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. A Short History of Nearly Everything. B. Thing Explainer. C. Ask an Astronaut. D. Deep Time. 2. What’s a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It is written in plain language. C. It lacks technical terms. D. It fails to include clear images. 3. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They combine science and history. B. They feature vivid illustrations. C. They introduce astronauts’ daily life. D. They entertain readers of all ages. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language.(它的问答格式可以很容易地快速找到答案，但由于缺乏描述性语言，它可能变得不那么吸引人)”可知，Ask an Astronaut是以问答的形式组织的。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.(然而，额外提供更多的技术术语可能会增强理解和学习经验)”可知，Thing Explainer的缺点是缺乏专业术语。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions.(这本书结合了历史和科学，为这些问题提供了一个全面而有趣的答案)”以及最后一段“The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology.(这些引人入胜的高质量图像由易于理解的关键历史时刻的解释支持。它还扩展了地质学、天文学和生物学中的关键概念)”可知，《万物简史》和《深时间》的共同之处在于都结合了科学和历史。故选A。 B For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 4. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions. C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 5. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers 6. Why does the author mention museums? A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science. C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 7. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 【答案】4 D 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。 【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。 C After a busy morning, lunch can feel like just the pick-me-up you need-but sometimes the meal that you thought would energize you is the very thing that makes you want to nap at your desk. Feeling tired after lunch, or post-meals in general, is known as postprandial somnolence—or, colloquially, the food coma. Part of this phenomenon is due to basic physiology (生理学): When humans eat, most of our blood goes to the digestive organs to process the food, said Sandra Arévalo, director of community health and wellness at Montefiore Nyack Hospital in New York state. The tendency to get tired after eating isn’t inherently suggestive of something amiss (出错的). But there can be additional factors that worsen this natural response, making getting through the rest of the workday or any activities feel like a slog. Here’s what to watch out for and how to make adjustments. When it comes to why you feel overly tired after eating, a common cause is consuming meals that are heavy in terms of quantity or quality. Not eating breakfast can lead to overindulging later in the day if excessive (过度的) hunger makes controlling your appetite difficult, Arévalo said. Sometimes, however, the makeup of certain foods can contribute to tiredness. Fats are the hardest nutrient to digest because their molecules are much larger than those of protein or carbs, said Julie Stefanski, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. If you had a meal high in fat—such as fried foods or pizza—that could make you feel tired. Meals high in added sugar or refined or highly processed carbohydrates can have the same effect. The fiber in so-called whole foods like corns slows the absorption of sugar into the body, which means they don’t cause blood sugar or insulin spikes and instead give you more stable, lasting energy, said Kristin Kirkpatrick, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic. “A five-minute walk or something helps to improve circulation and alertness (机敏), as well,” Arévalo said. 8. What can we know from the third paragraph? A. Blood is bad for the digestive organs. B. Blood has varieties of tasks to carry out. C. Eating habits have a great effect on health. D. Eating too much can burden the digestive organs. 9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “overindulging”? A. over-consuming B. overweight C. felling sleepy D. lacking energy 10. What is suggested by Kristin Kirkpatrick? A. Sugar cake. B. Pizza. C. Fried egg. D. Corn. 11. Why does the author write the passage? A. To present a new study. B. To clarify a concept. C. To provide some guidance. D. To show a social phenomenon. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是午后犯困的原因，并给出了一些建议。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When humans eat, most of our blood goes to the digestive organs to process the food, said Sandra Arévalo, director of community health and wellness at Montefiore Nyack Hospital in New York state.(纽约州蒙特菲奥里·尼亚克医院的社区健康和保健主任Sandra Arévalo说，当人类吃东西时，我们的大部分血液都流向消化器官来处理食物。)”可知，人类吃东西时，血液会参与消化食物，由此可知，血液肩负着多种任务。故选B项。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的“if excessive (过度的) hunger makes controlling your appetite difficult, Arévalo said.( Arévalo说，如果过度的饥饿使你难以控制食欲。)”可知，过度的饥饿会让你难以控制食欲，结合划线单词前的“Not eating breakfast can lead to(不吃早餐可能会导致……)”可知，早上不吃早饭同样会导致难以控制食欲，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“过多吃东西”意义相近。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The fiber in so-called whole foods like corns slows the absorption of sugar into the body, which means they don’t cause blood sugar or insulin spikes and instead give you more stable, lasting energy, said Kristin Kirkpatrick, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic.(克利夫兰诊所的注册营养师Kristin Kirkpatrick说，玉米等所谓天然食物中的纤维可以减缓身体对糖的吸收，这意味着它们不会导致血糖或胰岛素飙升，而是给你更稳定、更持久的能量。)”可知，Kristin Kirkpatrick认为，玉米可以减缓身体对糖的吸收，会给你更稳定、更持久的能量，这样就不会犯困，所以，Kristin Kirkpatrick应该是推荐玉米。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“After a busy morning, lunch can feel like just the pick-me-up you need-but sometimes the meal that you thought would energize you is the very thing that makes you want to nap at your desk.(忙碌了一个上午之后，午餐就像是你需要的提神剂——但有时你以为会让你精力充沛的午餐却让你想在办公桌前打个盹。)”可知，午餐后人们想在办公桌上打盹，引出本文的话题，根据第三段中的“Part of this phenomenon is due to basic physiology (生理学)(这种现象的部分原因是基本生理学)”以及下文中讲述了午餐后犯困的原因可知，本文分析了出现午餐后犯困的原因，结合倒数第二段中的“The fiber in so-called whole foods like corns slows the absorption of sugar into the body, which means they don’t cause blood sugar or insulin spikes and instead give you more stable, lasting energy, said Kristin Kirkpatrick, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic.(克利夫兰诊所的注册营养师Kristin Kirkpatrick说，玉米等所谓天然食物中的纤维可以减缓身体对糖的吸收，这意味着它们不会导致血糖或胰岛素飙升，而是给你更稳定、更持久的能量。)”以及尾段““A five-minute walk or something helps to improve circulation and alertness (机敏), as well,” Arévalo said.( “五分钟的步行或其他活动也有助于改善血液循环和警觉性，”arsamuvalo说。)”可知，本文对午餐后犯困提出了一些相对应的建议，改变一下饮食以及午餐后参加一些活动有助于改善血液循环，由此可知，本文从列举现象，到分析原因，直至最后给提出相应的建议，所以本文的目的是给人们提供一些指导。故选C项。 D In 2000, a famous evolutionary theorist Stephen Jay Gould said, “There’s been no biological change in humans in 40,000 or 50,000 years. We’ve built everything we call culture and civilization with the same body and brain.” Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say — and they have evidence to back up the claim. Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. Some people have a genetic variant (变异) that protects them from malaria, which infects and kills millions of people every day. These people will be more likely to live and pass on that variant to their children. Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence (测定序列) the human genome quickly and inexpensively. But not all the tools that uncover such evidence are so high tech. Church records that list births, marriages, and deaths offer a unique window into evolution on a population. Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University, dug into this type of data and found that natural selection favors an earlier start to reproduction — in other words, more time to have children. The more children, the more chances are for evolution. There’s another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture. When people move from one population to another, they take their genes with them, and that changes the genes in both the populations they leave and the ones they join. “That is actually one of the most important systems for modern human evolution,” Scott says. “In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.” 12. Why does the author mention genetic variant in paragraph 2? A. To explain a biological phenomenon. B. To prove an evolutionary theory. C. To stress the seriousness of malaria. D. To highlight efforts by scientists. 13. What may contribute to the discovery of ongoing natural selection? A. Rapid genetic changes. B. Increasing research budget. C. Birth records from the government. D. Advancement of technology. 14. What can we infer from Scott Solomon’s study? A. Church records show a trend of early reproduction. B. Population movement has reached the peak. C. More children will benefit the whole society. D. Culture influences evolution greater than technology. 15. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The study on biological change in human evolution deserves conducting. B. Genetic variants and cultural shifts play crucial roles in human evolution. C. The mixing human populations significantly decide evolutionary processes. D. Modern scientific tools revolutionize the study of human evolution. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是基因变异和文化变迁在人类进化中依旧起着至关重要的作用。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say—and they have evidence to back up the claim.( 22年后的今天，大多数进化生物学家都不敢苟同。他们说，自然选择仍然在人类身上起作用，而且他们有证据支持这一说法。)”以及第二段“Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. (宾夕法尼亚大学的进化生物学家Sarah Tishkoff举了一个自然选择至今仍在进行的例子。)”可知，大多数进化生物学家认为自然选择仍然在人类身上起作用，而且他们有证据支持这一说法，所以作者提到下文的基因变异的例子是为了证明这种进化理论。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence (测定序列) the human genome quickly and inexpensively. (科学家们已经能够发现许多正在进行的自然选择的例子，这要归功于一项技术：能够快速而廉价地对人类基因组进行测序。)”可知，技术的进步可能有助于发现正在进行的自然选择。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.(在过去的几百年里，当然是在上个世纪，人口前所未有地融合在一起。)” 可知，在过去的一个世纪，人口流动已达到历史新高。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say—and they have evidence to back up the claim.(他们说，自然选择仍然在人类身上起作用，而且他们有证据支持这一说法。)”以及文章最后一段“There’s another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture.(在这场进化中还有另一个重要的角色：文化。)”以及文章二、三、四段内容可知文章主要围绕着在人类进化中起主要作用的两个因素，即基因变异和文化变迁来展开，所以文章的主旨大意为基因变异和文化变迁在人类进化中起着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Don’t Ruin Healthy Eating When You Travel I’ve noticed that, as people become more conscious of how food affects their health, leaving home can sometimes present challenges for those who want to keep eating well. Here are some simple ways to eat adventurously and well while you’re enjoying the best moments of your trip: Plan ahead. Often when we’re traveling, we’re out of our routine and aren’t eating at regular intervals. ____16____ Contrary to the popular myth that you should hold off eating to save room for a big meal, going for long stretches without eating actually causes your body to become tired and hang on to calories. Pack snacks for easy access: nuts, seeds, hard-boiled eggs, firm fruits. Don’t forget the grocery store. A supermarket, especially a local one, can be your best place to get something to eat while traveling. ____17____ You’ll find a wider variety of great foods that are free of fat, dairy, and other common allergense (过敏素) at a reasonable cost. Drink more water than you normally do. ____18____ Walking around all day expends energy and dehydrates (脱水) your body. Often people drink alcohol or sodas with meals, and these are also dehydrating. Drinking more than your usual eight glasses of water a day will keep you energized, hydrate your cells and keep your skin glowing. Drink less alcohol than everyone around you is drinking. This can be challenging, especially on business trips, where drinking is a familiar pastime. ____19____ ____20____ Let yourself have treats, and enjoy them- just keep it to once a day. Get that good piece of chocolate cake. Have an extra helping of steak fries. Order the thing with butter, and love every single bite. Then be done with the less-than-healthy food, and remember that you always have another day for that one little indulgence (放纵). A. Just enjoy the treats that you like. B. Try the “one-and-done” rule. C. Planes and hotel rooms are generally dry. D. Sometimes we can go several hours without eating anything. E. However, drinking too much can lead to more unhealthy eating. F. You’ll have easy, cheap access to fresh produce and healthy snacks. G. Planning ahead of time allows you to control what goes into your body. 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样在旅游的时候吃的也健康的方法。 【16题详解】 上文“Often when we’re traveling, we’re out of our routine and aren’t eating at regular intervals. (当我们旅行时，我们经常会打乱常规，不定期进食。)”可知上文在讲述旅行时会打乱常规，饮食不规律；下文“Contrary to the popular myth that you should hold off eating to save room for a big meal, going for long stretches without eating actually causes your body to become tired and hang on to calories. (与流行的说法相反，你应该推迟吃东西来为一顿大餐留出空间，长时间不吃东西实际上会使你的身体变得疲劳，并持续保持热量。)”可知在讲述饮食不规律的危害；选项D“Sometimes we can go several hours without eating anything. (有时我们可以几个小时不吃东西)”可知这也是在讲述饮食不规律的现象，承接了上文，引出了下文对于饮食不规律危害的描述，故选项D符合题意；故选D项。 【17题详解】 上文“A supermarket, especially a local one, can be your best place to get something to eat while traveling. (超市，尤其是当地的超市，是你旅行时吃东西的最佳去处。)”可知讲述了当地超市是旅行时买食物的最佳去处；下文“You’ll find a wider variety of great foods that are free of fat, dairy, and other common allergense (过敏素) at a reasonable cost. (你会发现各种各样的好食物，不含脂肪、奶制品和其他常见的过敏素，而且价格合理。)”可知列举了可供选择的价格合理一些食物；选项F“You’ll have easy, cheap access to fresh produce and healthy snacks. (你可以方便、便宜地买到新鲜的农产品和健康的零食)”可知在讲述能方便、便宜地买到好的食品，承接了上文所述的当地超市是旅行时买东西吃的最佳去处，表明了当地超市的方便性和价格的合理性，同时引出下文对于具体食品类型的列举，故选项F符合题意；故选F项。 【18题详解】 上文“Drink more water than you normally do. (比平时多喝水。)”可知在讲述要比平时多喝水；下文“Walking around all day expends energy and dehydrates (脱水) your body. (整天走动会消耗能量，让你的身体脱水。)”可知在讲述需要多喝水的原因；选项C“Planes and hotel rooms are generally dry. (飞机和酒店房间通常是干燥的。)”可知也是在讲述旅行时要比平时多喝水的原因，这与下文同样是对于上文所提的结论的解释，故选项C符合题意；故选C项。 【19题详解】 本段标题“Drink less alcohol than everyone around you is drinking. (喝的酒要比你周围的人喝的少。)”可知本段主要讲的就是要少喝酒；上文“This can be challenging, especially on business trips, where drinking is a familiar pastime. (这可能很有挑战性，尤其是在商务旅行中，喝酒是一种常见的消遣方式。)”可知在讲述少喝酒恐怕很有挑战性；选项E“However, drinking too much can lead to more unhealthy eating. (然而，喝太多会导致更多不健康的饮食。)”可知在讲述喝太多酒的坏处，与本段主旨相符，与上文构成转折关系，强调喝太多酒的坏处，故选项E符合题意；故选E项。 【20题详解】 下文“Let yourself have treats, and enjoy them- just keep it to once a day. Get that good piece of chocolate cake. Have an extra helping of steak fries. Order the thing with butter, and love every single bite. Then be done with the less-than-healthy food, and remember that you always have another day for that one little indulgence (放纵). (让自己吃点东西，好好享受它们——每天只吃一次。拿那块好巧克力蛋糕。再来一份牛排薯条。要一点带黄油的菜，每一口都很美味。那就别再吃那些不健康的食物了，记住你总有一天可以放纵一下自己)”可知本段主要讲述了可以吃自己喜欢的东西，但是每天只能吃一次；选项B“Try the“one-and-done” rule. (尝试做一次)”表述与本段主旨相符，强调可以吃，但是每天只能吃一次，可以作为本段标题；故选B项。 第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students. Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation, they ___21___ her with lots of gifts. But one gift from a girl, in particular, ___22___ her heart. This girl wanted to get Rachel something so ___23___, but had nothing to give. So rather than offer nothing, she ___24___her free breakfast cereal (混合麦片) at school. She took the ___25___ to pick every dried grape, the favorite part of her breakfast, out of her cereal and ___26___ them as an unusual new year present for her teacher. Rachel posted the ___27___ story on Facebook, hoping to help people gain some ___28___ for what they have in their lives- because even when this youngster had nothing to offer, she was still willing to ___29___ her favorite dried grapes. Inspired by the kind gesture, many people contacted the school headmaster to make ___30___ “It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine. ” Rachel said. “Your ___31___ in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone ___32___. We are all deeply moved. ” “My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple ___33___ of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to ___34___ love and kindness to everyone you meet-not just during this ___35___ season. ” 21. A. helped B. supplied C. comforted D. showered 22. A. cured B. melted C. changed D. broke 23. A. badly B. casually C. hesitantly D. hardly 24. A. gave away B. asked for C. opened up D. put aside 25. A. courage B. chance C. lesson D. time 26. A. unwrapped B. repackaged C. cooked D. separated 27. A. nice B. imaginary C. funny D. old 28. A. appreciation B. sympathy C. confidence D. desire 29. A. enjoy B. keep C. collect D. sacrifice 30. A. preparations B. appointments C. donations D. requirements 31. A. curiosity B. generosity C. experience D. trouble 32. A. unchecked B. unexpected C. unnoticed D. uncovered 33. A. act B. word C. trick D. hope 34. A. spread B. teach C. explain D. declare 35. A. graduation B. autumn C. School D. holiday 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩送给 Rachel一个很特殊的礼物，后来 Rachel 发布到网络社交媒体，许多人为之感动，大家纷纷为学校献出爱心，同时也把爱传递给身边的人的感人故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她崇拜的学生们去度新年假期之前，他们给了她很多礼物。A. helped帮助；B. supplied提供；C. comforted安慰；D. showered淋浴，大量地给。根据“one gift from a girl”，可知是学生给她送了很多礼物。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但特别是一个女孩的一份礼物，让她的心融化了。A. cured治愈；B. melted融化；C. changed改变；D. broke打破。根据后文“but had nothing to give”，可知这位女孩的用心让Rachel感动了。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩非常想给瑞秋买点什么，但她没有什么可以给的。A. badly非常；B. casually偶然地，不在意地；C. hesitantly踌躇地；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文“but had nothing to give”，可知女孩非常想给Rachel买点什么。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，她没有提供任何东西，而是在学校打开了免费的早餐麦片粥。A. gave away赠送；B. asked for询问；C. opened up打开；D. put aside在.....放到一边。根据后文“She took”，可知这个女孩先是打开包装盒，然后拿出里面的食品。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她抽出时间从麦片粥中挑选出早餐中最喜欢的每一块葡萄干，并将其重新包装，作为送给老师的不寻常的新年礼物。A. courage勇气；B. chance机会；C. lesson课程；D.time时间。根据本句动作描写，可知她应该是选择合适时间抽取里面的食物。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抽出时间从麦片粥中挑选出早餐中最喜欢的每一块葡萄干，并将其重新包装，作为送给老师的不寻常的新年礼物。A. unwrapped未包装；B. repackaged重新包装；C. cooked 烹饪；D. separated分离。根据前文“opened up her free breakfast cereal ”，可知此处表达“重新包装”。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rachel在Facebook上发布了这个美好的故事，希望能帮助人们对他们生活中所拥有的东西有所感激——因为即使这个年轻人没有什么可以奉献的，她仍然愿意牺牲她最喜欢的葡萄干。A. nice美好的；B. imaginary虚构的；C. funny有趣的；D. old旧的。根据前文大意，结合后文“hoping to help people gain some ”，可知这是一个美好的故事。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rachel在Facebook上发布了这个美好的故事，希望能帮助人们对他们生活中所拥有的东西有所感激——因为即使这个年轻人没有什么可以奉献的，她仍然愿意牺牲她最喜欢的葡萄干。A. appreciation感激；B. sympathy同情；C.confidence信心；D. desire欲望.根据后文“because even when this youngster had nothing to offer,she was still willing to”，可知从这个女孩的身上我们要感激现在的拥有。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Rachel在Facebook上发布了这个美好的故事，希望帮助人们对他们生活中所拥有的东西获得一些感激——因为即使这个年轻人没有什么可以奉献的，她仍然愿意牺牲她最喜欢的干葡萄。A.enjoy喜欢; B.keep; C.collect收集; D.sacrifice牺牲。根据前文提及女孩给老师她最喜欢的干葡萄，结合“her favourite dried grapes”，可知此处表达“牺牲”，更能凸显女孩的精神。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:受到这种友好姿态启发，许多人联系校长捐款，“这让我为我的孩子感到骄傲，他们和我的孩子一起感动了你们的心。”A. preparations准备;B.appointments约定;C.donations捐赠;D.requirements要求。根据后文“they have touched your hearts”，可知他们因为感动而捐赠。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:Rachel说“你们慷慨地向学生和我提供礼物，以及你们对我们学校的捐款并没有被忽视。我们都深受感动。”A. curiosity好奇心; B. generosity大方，慷慨; C. experience经历; D. trouble困难。根据后文“offering gifts to both the students and me”，可知是他们慷慨的捐赠。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:Rachel说“你们慷慨地向学生和我提供礼物，以及你们对我们学校的捐款并没有被忽视。我们都深受感动。”A. unchecked未检查; B. unexpected意外; C. unnoticed未注意，忽视; D. uncovered发现。根据后文“We are all deeply moved”，可知我你们对我们学校的捐款并没有被忽视。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶我对你们所有人的祝愿是，记住我的一个学童所表达的这一善意和简单的爱，并随身携带，继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播爱和善意，而不仅仅是在这个节日期间。A. act行为; B. word单词; C. trick捉弄; D. hope希望。根据后文“of love”，此处指“爱的行为”。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我对你们所有人的祝愿是，记住我的一个学童所表达的这一善意和简单的爱，并随身携带，继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播爱和善意，而不仅仅是在这个节日期间。A.spread传播; B.teach教; C.explain解释; D.declare宣布。根据前文“carry it with you and continue to”，可知此处表达“每一个人传播爱和善意”。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我对你们所有人的祝愿是，记住我的一个学童所表达的这一善意和简单的爱，并随身携带，继续向你们遇到的每一个人传播爱和善意，而不仅仅是在这个节日期间。A.graduation毕业; B.autumn秋天; C.school学校; D.holiday假期。根据第一段“left for their new year vacation”，可知此处指“假期”。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 New-style Chinese tea chain Molly Tea ___36___ (appeal) to beverage (饮料) lovers with its Yongchun Foshou, made from a famous oolong tea recently. Data from Eleme shows a surge in demand for Chinese-style milk teas, with orders for Longjing milk tea ___37___ (multiply) over the past year. The China Tea Marketing Association reports that young consumers are driving a “China chic” trend, which involves ___38___ (prefer) innovative products with Chinese elements. Modern teahouses are becoming social hubs for the youth, signaling a shift in tea ___39___ (consume). Theatre Tea, ___40___ (found) in 2015, has opened a new Beijing store ___41___ combines retail (零售) with a modern Chinese tea-drinking experience. The venue is noted for its authentic tea interactions and workshops, especially popular with the youth. Co-founder Sun Xuling observes that the introduction of sugar-free options has made ___42___ easier for young consumers to appreciate the natural flavors of tea. She foresees a future where tea is embraced as a daily luxury, enjoyed in various ways. ___43___ offering sugar-free tea, Theatre Tea is also delighting palates (味觉) with desserts that artfully blend Chinese tea with Western sweets, ___44___ combination that is gaining even more praise than expected. This culinary (食物的) blend is not only enriching the diversity of the tea experience but also fostering a much ____45____ (deep) understanding and enjoyment of tea among its consumers. 【答案】36. has appealed 37. multiplying 38. preferring 39. consumption 40. founded 41. which##that 42. it 43. Beyond##Besides 44. a 45. deeper 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国茶叶营销协会报告称，年轻消费者正在推动一股“中国风”的潮流，现代茶馆成为年轻人的社交中心，并以剧场茶为例说明这一茶叶消费的转变。 【36题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：中国新型茶连锁店茉莉茶最近推出了以著名乌龙茶为原料的“永春佛手”，吸引了饮料爱好者。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语recently和句意可知，此处应使用现在完成时，appeal与句子主语New-style Chinese tea chain Molly Tea之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has appealed。 【37题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：Eleme的数据显示，对中式奶茶的需求激增，龙井奶茶的订单在过去一年里成倍增长。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，multiply与宾语orders for Longjing milk tea之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作补语。故填multiplying。 【38题详解】 考查动名词。句意：中国茶叶营销协会报告称，年轻消费者正在推动一股“中国风”的潮流，其中涉及到他们更喜欢带有中国元素的创新产品。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据involve doing sth.意为“涉及做某事”符合句意，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填preferring。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：现代茶馆正在成为年轻人的社交中心，这标志着茶叶消费的转变。此处为名词作宾语，consume的名词为consumption意为“消费”，且为不可数名词。故填consumption。 【40题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：成立于2015年的剧场茶在北京开了一家新店，将零售与现代中国饮茶体验结合在一起。此处为非谓语动词作定语，found意为“成立”，与逻辑主语Theatre Tea之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填founded。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：成立于2015年的剧场茶在北京开了一家新店，将零售与现代中国饮茶体验结合在一起。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词a new Beijing store指的是地点，所以此处使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：联合创始人Sun Xuling观察到，无糖选择的引入使年轻消费者更容易欣赏茶的自然风味。此处为“make+it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语“to appreciate the natural flavors of tea”作真正宾语，所以此处使用it。故填it。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：除了提供无糖茶，剧场茶还推出了将中国茶与西方甜点巧妙融合的甜点，这一组合获得了比预期更多的好评。空后为动名词形式，所以此处使用介词，结合句意可知，此处表示“此外”可以使用介词beyond或者besides，位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填Beyond/Besides。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：除了提供无糖茶，剧场茶还推出了将中国茶与西方甜点巧妙融合的甜点，这一组合获得了比预期更多的好评。combination为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示“一个组合”为泛指意义，所以使用不定冠词，combination的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 【45题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这种烹饪混合不仅丰富了茶体验的多样性，而且促进了消费者对茶的更深层次的理解和享受。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词，结合句意以及空前的much修饰形容词副词比较级可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级deeper。故填deeper。 第三节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据首字母或汉语在空白处填入1个适当的单词的正确形式。 46. There is a great deal of evidence i__________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】indicating##ndicating 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：有大量证据表明，音乐活动涉及大脑的不同部分。根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应用动词indicate“表明”，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词evidence，两者之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填indicating。 47. Not only does travelling help relieve stress but also b__________ our horizons. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】broadens##roadens 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：旅行不仅有助于缓解压力，还开阔了我们的视野。根据句中our horizons可知，此处表示开阔视野，空处应用动词broaden，根据句中does可知，句子使用一般现在时，not only...but also...为固定短语，表示“不但……而且……”，连接并列句子，所以but also后句子主语也为travelling，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填broadens。 48. Future __________ (拓展) of the business of the family calls for two new factories, which are in design. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】expansion 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：该家族未来业务的拓展需要两家新工厂，它们是设计工厂。此处为名词作主语，根据提示的汉语，表示“拓展”应为expansion，且为不可数名词。故填expansion。 49. The s__________ in the mountains is very beautiful, which attracts more and more tourists. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】scenery##cenery 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：山上的风景很美，吸引了越来越多的游客。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应填名词scenery，作主语，根据后文is可知，应用单数形式。故填scenery。 50. As a new spokesman, he often thinks of how he can respond more __________ (恰当) on such occasions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】appropriately##properly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：作为一名新发言人，他经常思考如何才能在这样的场合做出更恰当的回应。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用副词appropriately/properly，修饰动词respond，作状语。故填appropriately或properly。 51. I felt embarrassed by my complete __________ (无知) of world history when asked a related question in class. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】ignorance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我在课堂上被问到一个相关的问题时，我对世界历史一无所知，感到很尴尬。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“无知”应为ignorance，且为不可数名词。故填ignorance。 52. Only a quarter of the participants were in f__________ of the proposal, the rest against it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】favour##favor##avour##avor 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有四分之一的参与者赞成这项提议，其余的人反对。结合句意和提示的首字母可知，此处为固定短语in favour of或者in favor of意为“支持”符合句意。故填favour/favor。 53. The completion of this project will ________ (刺激)the economy of this region if not the whole of China. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】stimulate 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个项目的完成即使不能刺激整个中国，也会刺激这个地区的经济。根据汉语提示“刺激”可知应填动词stimulate，结合上文will可知为一般将来时，应填原形。故填stimulate。 54. Ford has a great a ________for knowledge, and he is always ready to learn new things. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】appetite 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：福特有很强的求知欲，他总是乐于学习新事物。根据单词首字母以及语境“渴望……”，可知应填名词appetite，短语have a great appetite for“对……非常渴望”。故填appetite。 55. The boy stood still, __________ (低垂) his head when his teacher reported his school performances to his parents. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】lowering 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：当老师向他的父母报告他在学校的表现时，这个男孩静静地站着，低着头。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据提示的汉语，表示“低垂”应为lower，与逻辑主语the boy之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填lowering。 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。 56. Perhaps the next generation of scientists will discover more medicines __________ (benefit) to global health care with their constant efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】beneficial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：也许下一代科学家在他们的不断努力下，会发现更多有利于全球卫生保健的药物。此处修饰名词medicines，应用形容词beneficial，作定语。故填beneficial。 57. We intended __________ (start) the engine as soon as possible, but it failed to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have started 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们本打算尽快发动发动机，但它没能发动起来。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语，根据“but it failed to work”可知，此处表示“本打算做而没有做”，所以此处使用动词不定式的完成式，即to have started。故填to have started。 58. Their final decision was __________ (negate) the agreement, a choice that would have far-reaching consequences for both parties involved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to negate 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式作表语。句意：他们最终的决定是否定这个协议，这个选择将对双方都会产生深远的影响。negate是个动词，意思是“否决”。横线前有was，说明横线处应该将negate变成to do的形式充当表语，表示将来发生的动作。故答案填to negate。 59. He disliked the feeling of confinement, so he avoided situations like __________ (trap) in small spaces. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being trapped 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他不喜欢被束缚的感觉，所以他避免被困在狭小的空间里。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词like后应为动名词形式作宾语，结合句意，trap与逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式，即being trapped。故填being trapped。 60. ________ (link) the new printer to the computer, I began to type my report out for the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having linked 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：把新打印机对准电脑后，我开始为会议打报告。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词began，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，link发生在began to type之前，需用现在分词的完成式。故填Having linking。 第四节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据要求翻译句子。 61. 经过反复试验，屠呦呦和她团队的不懈努力终于在1972年11月获得了回报，他们成功发现了青蒿素。（使用介词短语和含pay的短语） ___________, the relentless efforts of Tu Youyou and her team finally ____________ in November 1972，with the successful discovery of qinghaosu. 【答案】 ①. Through/By trial and error ②. paid off 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和动词短语。根据句意，第一空表示“经过反复试验”应为through trial and error或者是by trial and error作状语，位于句首，所以through和by的首字母需大写；第二空表示“获得了回报”应为动词短语pay off，根据时间状语in November 1972可知，此处为一般过去时，pay用过去式paid。故填①Through/By trial and error②paid off。 62. 通过汲取前人的智慧，这位研究人员提出了一个理论，挑战了他所在领域的既有理论。(使用非谓语和含put的短语) ____________ of his predecessors, the researcher ____________ that challenged the established ones in his field. 【答案】 ①. Drawing on the wisdom ②. put forward a theory 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。第一空表示“汲取前人的智慧”翻译为draw on the wisdom，与researcher构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，首字母大写；第二空表示“提出”，应用动词短语put forward，根据后文challenged可知，应用一般过去时，后跟名词theory作宾语。故填①Drawing on the wisdom；②put forward a theory。 63. 鸡汤是一种治愈食物，它不仅弥补了我不好的感觉，还帮助缓解了我的思乡之情，从内到外温暖了我的心。 (使用含make和relieve的短语) Chicken soup is a comfort food that not only ____________ bad feelings but also helps ____________ , warming my heart from the inside out. 【答案】 ①. makes up for ②. relieve me of homesickness 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示，“弥补”可以翻译为“makes up for”，符合题目要求，使用make的短语，主语是food，所以需要变为三单形式；“缓解思乡之情”可以翻译为“relieve me of homesickness”，符合要求。故答案是①makes up for②relieve me of homesickness。 64. 那天，经过一天漫长的徒步旅行后，一杯冰啤酒和一顿丰盛的牛排是我们迫切需要的，真是恰到好处。 (使用含cry的短语和非谓语) After a long day of hiking, a cold beer and a hearty steak were what we ____________, truly ______________. 【答案】 ①. cried out for ②. hitting the spot 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意，第一空表示“迫切需要”应为cry out for，根据句意以及主句中的谓语动词were可知，此处应使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为cried out for；第二空表示“恰到好处”应为hit the spot，此处为非谓语动词作状语，且与逻辑主语a cold beer and a hearty steak之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填①cried out for②hitting the spot。 65. 有时候，我们想当然地认为一杯咖啡会神奇地奏效，让我们成为高效的天才。(使用含take的句式和含 do的短语) Sometimes we ______________ that a cup of coffee will magically ______________ and turn us into productive geniuses. 【答案】 ①. take it for granted ②. do the trick 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示，“想当然地认为”可以翻译为“take it for granted”，这也符合题目要求，使用take的句式填空，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是we，take用动词原形；“奏效”可以翻译为“do the trick”，符合题目要求，使用do的短语填空。will后动词do用动词原形。故答案是①take it for granted②do the trick。 第四部分 写作(共1小题，满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Michael非常喜欢中国美食。本学期你校要开设烹饪选修课程，请你写封邮件向他介绍这门课程，并邀请他参加。内容包括： 1. 课程基本情况：开设时间、地点、目的等; 2. 课程内容; 3. 发出邀请。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Michael, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Michael, I’m delighted to tell you about a new cooking elective course starting this semester, which I think will interest you, given your love for Chinese cuisine. Held every Friday afternoon from 3:30 to 5:00 PM in our school’s kitchen lab the course is aimed at teaching students the art of Chinese cooking while deepening their understanding of the culture. We’ll learn essential cooking techniques, like knife skills and food presentation, and prepare traditional dishes like Jiaozi. It’s definitely an excellent opportunity that cannot be missed as we can share experiences, cook together, and taste a variety of delicious foods. What’s more exciting is that we get to pick fresh, organic vegetables from our school farm for our dishes. I believe this hands-on experience will be both enjoyable and educational. I’d be thrilled if you could join us. It’s a great chance to indulge your passion for Chinese food in a fun and interactive way. Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件向交换生Michael介绍烹饪选修课程。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→cheerful 选择性的：elective→selective 课程：course→curriculum 基本的：essential→fundamental 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It’s a great chance to indulge your passion for Chinese food in a fun and interactive way.  拓展句：It’s a great chance, which indulges your passion for Chinese food in a fun and interactive way.  【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m delighted to tell you about a new cooking elective course starting this semester, which I think will interest you, given your love for Chinese cuisine.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more exciting is that we get to pick fresh, organic vegetables from our school farm for our dishes.(运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句) 听力1—5 ABCCA 6—10 BBACA 11—15 BCABC 16—20 ACABC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级5月阶段性考试英语试卷 本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. In a factory. C. In a hotel. 2. When will the speakers arrive at the airport probably? A. At 3: 30. B. At 4: 30. C. At 5: 30. 3. What suggestion does the woman give to the man? A. Avoiding working at night. B. Getting all the parts from Japan. C. Buying a new washing machine. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to get to New York. B. How to enter for a course. C. How to get a driving licence. 5. What kept the woman awake last night? A. The heat. B. The repairs of the power. C. The storm. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To cancel their plan. B. To make an invitation. C. To ask for information. 7. What does the man decide to do this evening? A. See a band show. B. Buy tickets online. C. Accompany his parents. 听下面一段对话，回答第8、9题。 8. How is the house usually heated? A. By coal. B. By electricity. C. By wood. 9. What will the woman do next? A. Make a phone call. B. Buy a heater. C. Cook supper. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至13题。 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Colleagues. C. Husband and wife. 11. What did the man do this afternoon? A. He did his work. B. He took some exercise. C. He fixed his computer. 12. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Go out somewhere. B. Help her with the paper. C. Stop playing a musical instrument. 13. How does the man feel about the woman’s request? A. Shocked. B. Embarrassed. C. Angry. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。 14. What’s the conversation mainly about? A. Fighting fire. B. Detecting fire. C. Preventing fire. 15. What can we know from the conversation? A. Australia lost 4% of its trees. B. The system is used in America. C. The system will use heat cameras. 16. What size of fire can the new system discover? A. The size of a car. B. The size of a plane. C. The size of a football field. 17. What is the woman’s concern besides trees? A. Protecting humans. B. Purifying the air. C. Saving animals. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the speaker doing? A. Teaching a class. B. Reporting a study. C. Chairing a meeting. 19. What is the most important part of taking notes? A. Reading. B. Listening. C. Writing. 20. What is one of the advantages of using symbols? A. It keeps information secret. B. It leaves space for future use. C. It makes key words noticeable. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it’s quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 1. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. A Short History of Nearly Everything. B. Thing Explainer. C Ask an Astronaut. D. Deep Time. 2. What’s a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It is written in plain language. C. It lacks technical terms. D. It fails to include clear images. 3. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They combine science and history. B. They feature vivid illustrations. C. They introduce astronauts’ daily life. D. They entertain readers of all ages. B For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 4. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions. C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 5. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers 6. Why does the author mention museums? A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science. C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 7. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science C After a busy morning, lunch can feel like just the pick-me-up you need-but sometimes the meal that you thought would energize you is the very thing that makes you want to nap at your desk. Feeling tired after lunch, or post-meals in general, is known as postprandial somnolence—or, colloquially, the food coma. Part of this phenomenon is due to basic physiology (生理学): When humans eat, most of our blood goes to the digestive organs to process the food, said Sandra Arévalo, director of community health and wellness at Montefiore Nyack Hospital in New York state. The tendency to get tired after eating isn’t inherently suggestive of something amiss (出错的). But there can be additional factors that worsen this natural response, making getting through the rest of the workday or any activities feel like a slog. Here’s what to watch out for and how to make adjustments. When it comes to why you feel overly tired after eating, a common cause is consuming meals that are heavy in terms of quantity or quality. Not eating breakfast can lead to overindulging later in the day if excessive (过度的) hunger makes controlling your appetite difficult, Arévalo said. Sometimes, however, the makeup of certain foods can contribute to tiredness. Fats are the hardest nutrient to digest because their molecules are much larger than those of protein or carbs, said Julie Stefanski, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. If you had a meal high in fat—such as fried foods or pizza—that could make you feel tired. Meals high in added sugar or refined or highly processed carbohydrates can have the same effect. The fiber in so-called whole foods like corns slows the absorption of sugar into the body, which means they don’t cause blood sugar or insulin spikes and instead give you more stable, lasting energy, said Kristin Kirkpatrick, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic. “A five-minute walk or something helps to improve circulation and alertness (机敏), as well,” Arévalo said. 8. What can we know from the third paragraph? A. Blood is bad for the digestive organs. B. Blood has varieties of tasks to carry out. C. Eating habits have a great effect on health. D. Eating too much can burden the digestive organs. 9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “overindulging”? A. over-consuming B. overweight C. felling sleepy D. lacking energy 10. What is suggested by Kristin Kirkpatrick? A. Sugar cake. B. Pizza. C. Fried egg. D. Corn. 11. Why does the author write the passage? A. To present a new study. B. To clarify a concept. C. To provide some guidance. D. To show a social phenomenon. D In 2000, a famous evolutionary theorist Stephen Jay Gould said, “There’s been no biological change in humans in 40,000 or 50,000 years. We’ve built everything we call culture and civilization with the same body and brain.” Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say — and they have evidence to back up the claim. Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. Some people have a genetic variant (变异) that protects them from malaria, which infects and kills millions of people every day. These people will be more likely to live and pass on that variant to their children. Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence (测定序列) the human genome quickly and inexpensively. But not all the tools that uncover such evidence are so high tech. Church records that list births, marriages, and deaths offer a unique window into evolution on a population. Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University, dug into this type of data and found that natural selection favors an earlier start to reproduction — in other words, more time to have children. The more children, the more chances are for evolution. There’s another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture. When people move from one population to another, they take their genes with them, and that changes the genes in both the populations they leave and the ones they join. “That is actually one of the most important systems for modern human evolution,” Scott says. “In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.” 12. Why does the author mention genetic variant in paragraph 2? A. To explain a biological phenomenon. B. To prove an evolutionary theory. C. To stress the seriousness of malaria. D. To highlight efforts by scientists. 13. What may contribute to the discovery of ongoing natural selection? A. Rapid genetic changes. B. Increasing research budget. C Birth records from the government. D. Advancement of technology. 14. What can we infer from Scott Solomon’s study? A. Church records show a trend of early reproduction. B. Population movement has reached the peak. C. More children will benefit the whole society. D. Culture influences evolution greater than technology. 15. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The study on biological change in human evolution deserves conducting. B. Genetic variants and cultural shifts play crucial roles in human evolution. C. The mixing human populations significantly decide evolutionary processes. D. Modern scientific tools revolutionize the study of human evolution. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Don’t Ruin Healthy Eating When You Travel I’ve noticed that as people become more conscious of how food affects their health, leaving home can sometimes present challenges for those who want to keep eating well. Here are some simple ways to eat adventurously and well while you’re enjoying the best moments of your trip: Plan ahead. Often when we’re traveling, we’re out of our routine and aren’t eating at regular intervals. ____16____ Contrary to the popular myth that you should hold off eating to save room for a big meal, going for long stretches without eating actually causes your body to become tired and hang on to calories. Pack snacks for easy access: nuts, seeds, hard-boiled eggs, firm fruits. Don’t forget the grocery store. A supermarket, especially a local one, can be your best place to get something to eat while traveling. ____17____ You’ll find a wider variety of great foods that are free of fat, dairy, and other common allergense (过敏素) at a reasonable cost. Drink more water than you normally do. ____18____ Walking around all day expends energy and dehydrates (脱水) your body. Often people drink alcohol or sodas with meals, and these are also dehydrating. Drinking more than your usual eight glasses of water a day will keep you energized, hydrate your cells and keep your skin glowing. Drink less alcohol than everyone around you is drinking. This can be challenging, especially on business trips, where drinking is a familiar pastime. ____19____ ____20____ Let yourself have treats, and enjoy them- just keep it to once a day. Get that good piece of chocolate cake. Have an extra helping of steak fries. Order the thing with butter, and love every single bite. Then be done with the less-than-healthy food, and remember that you always have another day for that one little indulgence (放纵). A. Just enjoy the treats that you like. B. Try the “one-and-done” rule. C. Planes and hotel rooms are generally dry. D. Sometimes we can go several hours without eating anything. E. However, drinking too much can lead to more unhealthy eating. F. You’ll have easy, cheap access to fresh produce and healthy snacks. G. Planning ahead of time allows you to control what goes into your body. 第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students. Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation, they ___21___ her with lots of gifts. But one gift from a girl, in particular, ___22___ her heart. This girl wanted to get Rachel something so ___23___, but had nothing to give. So rather than offer nothing, she ___24___her free breakfast cereal (混合麦片) at school. She took the ___25___ to pick every dried grape, the favorite part of her breakfast, out of her cereal and ___26___ them as an unusual new year present for her teacher. Rachel posted the ___27___ story on Facebook, hoping to help people gain some ___28___ for what they have in their lives- because even when this youngster had nothing to offer, she was still willing to ___29___ her favorite dried grapes. Inspired by the kind gesture, many people contacted the school headmaster to make ___30___ “It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine. ” Rachel said. “Your ___31___ in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone ___32___. We are all deeply moved. ” “My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple ___33___ of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to ___34___ love and kindness to everyone you meet-not just during this ___35___ season. ” 21. A. helped B. supplied C. comforted D. showered 22. A. cured B. melted C. changed D. broke 23. A. badly B. casually C. hesitantly D. hardly 24. A. gave away B. asked for C. opened up D. put aside 25. A. courage B. chance C. lesson D. time 26. A. unwrapped B. repackaged C. cooked D. separated 27. A. nice B. imaginary C. funny D. old 28. A. appreciation B. sympathy C. confidence D. desire 29. A. enjoy B. keep C. collect D. sacrifice 30. A. preparations B. appointments C. donations D. requirements 31. A. curiosity B. generosity C. experience D. trouble 32. A. unchecked B. unexpected C. unnoticed D. uncovered 33. A. act B. word C. trick D. hope 34. A. spread B. teach C. explain D. declare 35. A. graduation B. autumn C. School D. holiday 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 New-style Chinese tea chain Molly Tea ___36___ (appeal) to beverage (饮料) lovers with its Yongchun Foshou, made from a famous oolong tea recently. Data from Eleme shows a surge in demand for Chinese-style milk teas, with orders for Longjing milk tea ___37___ (multiply) over the past year. The China Tea Marketing Association reports that young consumers are driving a “China chic” trend, which involves ___38___ (prefer) innovative products with Chinese elements. Modern teahouses are becoming social hubs for the youth, signaling a shift in tea ___39___ (consume). Theatre Tea, ___40___ (found) in 2015, has opened a new Beijing store ___41___ combines retail (零售) with a modern Chinese tea-drinking experience. The venue is noted for its authentic tea interactions and workshops, especially popular with the youth. Co-founder Sun Xuling observes that the introduction of sugar-free options has made ___42___ easier for young consumers to appreciate the natural flavors of tea. She foresees a future where tea is embraced as a daily luxury, enjoyed in various ways. ___43___ offering sugar-free tea, Theatre Tea is also delighting palates (味觉) with desserts that artfully blend Chinese tea with Western sweets, ___44___ combination that is gaining even more praise than expected. This culinary (食物的) blend is not only enriching the diversity of the tea experience but also fostering a much ____45____ (deep) understanding and enjoyment of tea among its consumers. 第三节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据首字母或汉语在空白处填入1个适当的单词的正确形式。 46. There is a great deal of evidence i__________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.(根据首字母单词拼写) 47. Not only does travelling help relieve stress but also b__________ our horizons. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. Future __________ (拓展) of the business of the family calls for two new factories, which are in design. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 49. The s__________ in the mountains is very beautiful, which attracts more and more tourists. (根据首字母单词拼写) 50. As a new spokesman, he often thinks of how he can respond more __________ (恰当) on such occasions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 51. I felt embarrassed by my complete __________ (无知) of world history when asked a related question in class. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. Only a quarter of the participants were in f__________ of the proposal, the rest against it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53. The completion of this project will ________ (刺激)the economy of this region if not the whole of China. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 54. Ford has a great a ________for knowledge, and he is always ready to learn new things. （根据首字母单词拼写） 55. The boy stood still, __________ (低垂) his head when his teacher reported his school performances to his parents. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。 56. Perhaps the next generation of scientists will discover more medicines __________ (benefit) to global health care with their constant efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. We intended __________ (start) the engine as soon as possible, but it failed to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. Their final decision was __________ (negate) the agreement, a choice that would have far-reaching consequences for both parties involved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. He disliked the feeling of confinement, so he avoided situations like __________ (trap) in small spaces. (所给词的适当形式填空) 60. ________ (link) the new printer to the computer, I began to type my report out for the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据要求翻译句子。 61. 经过反复试验，屠呦呦和她团队的不懈努力终于在1972年11月获得了回报，他们成功发现了青蒿素。（使用介词短语和含pay的短语） ___________, the relentless efforts of Tu Youyou and her team finally ____________ in November 1972，with the successful discovery of qinghaosu. 62. 通过汲取前人的智慧，这位研究人员提出了一个理论，挑战了他所在领域的既有理论。(使用非谓语和含put的短语) ____________ of his predecessors, the researcher ____________ that challenged the established ones in his field. 63. 鸡汤是一种治愈食物，它不仅弥补了我不好的感觉，还帮助缓解了我的思乡之情，从内到外温暖了我的心。 (使用含make和relieve的短语) Chicken soup is a comfort food that not only ____________ bad feelings but also helps ____________ , warming my heart from the inside out. 64. 那天，经过一天漫长的徒步旅行后，一杯冰啤酒和一顿丰盛的牛排是我们迫切需要的，真是恰到好处。 (使用含cry的短语和非谓语) After a long day of hiking a cold beer and a hearty steak were what we ____________, truly ______________. 65. 有时候，我们想当然地认为一杯咖啡会神奇地奏效，让我们成为高效的天才。(使用含take的句式和含 do的短语) Sometimes we ______________ that a cup of coffee will magically ______________ and turn us into productive geniuses. 第四部分 写作(共1小题，满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Michael非常喜欢中国美食。本学期你校要开设烹饪选修课程，请你写封邮件向他介绍这门课程，并邀请他参加。内容包括： 1. 课程基本情况：开设时间、地点、目的等; 2. 课程内容; 3. 发出邀请。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 Dear Michael, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 听力1—5 ABCCA 6—10 BBACA 11—15 BCABC 16—20 ACABC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$