Unit 3 Family matters 知识点梳理导学案-2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

U3 Family Matters 知识点梳理 第一节 词汇变化 1.approach v．接近，靠近；与……打交道 n．途径，方法，接近 ①我走近那幢房子时，注意到楼上有灯光。 As I the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. ②教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 As Teachers' Day , our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. ③所有去城里的路都被堵住了。 All to the town were blocked. ④At the meeting they discussed three different (approach) to the study of mathematics. 2．chat n．聊天 vi.聊天，闲谈 have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天 chat with sb. 与某人聊天 ①我喜欢网上聊天，在聊天室结识新朋友。 I like to and to meet new people in chat rooms. ②我喜欢偶尔和她聊一聊。 I like to now and then. ③I enjoy a chat a friend about football. ④When I was in trouble, I often (与……聊天) my teacher. 3.assume vt.假设，设想，承担 assumed adj. 假定的 assumption n. 设想，假设 assuming that... 假设… It is assumed that... 人们认为… on the assumption that... 在假设…基础上 词缀助记 [v.]---sume→[n.]---sumption assume 假定，承担→assumption consume消费,消耗→consumption presume假定,认为→presumption ①因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒就住在这些洞穴里。 So we think it is reasonable to they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. ②假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？ the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money? ③我们在一星期内可以完成计划的假定之下工作着。 We are working we can carry out the plan in a week. ④ (assume) he agrees with us, everything will be fine. ⑤Many people make the (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World. 4． respect vt.尊敬，遵守 n．尊敬，敬意，问候，方面---作“问候”讲时，常用复数 respect的三个形容词区别 respectable adj.值得尊敬的 respectful adj.恭敬的 respective adj.各自的 respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 respect others' privacy尊敬他人隐私 respect the rules遵守规则 have respect for sb. 尊敬某人 out of respect出于尊重 in respect of关于；就……而言 ①他因善良和慷慨而受人尊重。 He his kindness and generosity. ②我们英语老师经常鼓励我们。我们都很尊敬他。 We all our English teacher who often gives us encouragement. ③在价格方面，它是超出我的能力的。 the price, it is beyond my reach. ④He is a (respect) artist in our city. ⑤The gentleman opened the door for the girl (出于尊重). ⑥As friends, we have respect each other. ⑦代我向你父亲问好 Give my to your father. 5．ignore vt. 忽视,不理睬 ignorance n.无知，不了解，忽视 ignorant adj.无知的，不了解的 ignore sb./sth. 忽视，不理睬某人/某物 ignore the importance of...忽视…的重要性 be ignorant of 对…一无所知 ①你经常把工作、学习和其他活动置于一旁而去查看手机短信吗？ Do you frequently work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages？ ②某些人忽视环境保护的重要性，这种做法是很愚蠢的。 It is foolish of some people to environment protection. ③ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. ④她不知道他在场．She his presence. 6.talent n. 天赋，才华，才干 talented adj.有才华的 have a talent for ... 有…的天赋 be talented in...有…的天赋 gift 也有“天赋”的意思 gifted adj. 有天赋的 have a gift for...有……的天赋 be gifted in...有……的天赋 ①他天生就有音乐天赋。 He has a natural for music. ②她在很小的时候就显示出了表演天赋。 She showed acting at an early age. ③这个女孩有舞蹈天赋。 The girl dancing. ④He is a (talent) translator. ⑤She is proud that both her children (有...的天赋) music. 7．focus n. 中心，焦点;焦距 focus on专注于…集中精力于… focus one's attention on集中注意力于… the focus of attention注意力的焦点 in focus焦距对准 out of focus焦距没对准，模糊 ①你应开始关注如何改善现状而不是去责怪谁。 You should stop whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. ②我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。 We must urgent problems. ③她是大家注意的中心。 She was . ④孩子们的注意力被集中于舞台上。 The children's attention was . 8. in the end 最终，最后。相当于last, finally.通常接名词或代词作宾语,不能接of短语 Our team beat theirs . at the end of 在…尽头；在…末尾，通常指某一发展过程的最终结束,既可以表接时间的名词，也可以表示地点的名词 The hospital is the road. by the end of 到…为止,在...以前，常与过去完成时连用。 He had finished the work last month. come to an end 结束，终结 最初的威尼斯狂欢节在200年前告终。 The original Venice carnival about 200 years ago. make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出 我们本月要透支。 We can't this month. ①在路的尽头有一家医院。 There is a hospital the road. ②这座楼房将于明年年底竣工。 The building will have been finished next year. ③There is a hospital the road. ④He has a low income and it is hard to . ⑤When I arrived, the meeting almost . ⑥ ,I had to give in to my sister., ⑦很幸运，我最后完成了比赛，努力没有白费。 Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it . 重点短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.as well as和，也，又 2.turn to 转向，救助于 turn to...for...向某人求助 3.go to university去上大学 4.in surprise 惊讶地 5.be interested in对……感兴趣 6.in the end最终，最后 7.be proud of 对…感到自豪 8.take one's advice 采纳某人建议 9.jump in with both feet 全心投入 10.make friends交朋友 11.relate...to...把…和…联系起来 12.raise one’s voice提高某人的声音 13.you can’t be serious你别当真！你开玩笑呢吧。 课文语法填空 The father and grandfather are playing chess 1. the boy comes in.The father says, “ Oh look, here comes my boy.” The boy approaches the table 2. (nervous) and asks his father to have 3. chat with him about his future career. He decides not 4. (go) to university and he wants to focus 5. his band. The father feels 6. (surprise) because he always expects the boy to be a 7. (law). Hearing their conversation, the grandfather 8. (suggest) the boy should think carefully before 9. (jump) in with both feet. Perhaps the boy will go to university and play music 10. the same time. 细节知识点： Oh look, here comes my boy. 哦看，我儿子过来了。 本句为完全倒装句。here为表示方位的副词放在句首，句子需主谓倒装。完全倒装类型总结如下： (1)为了使某种情景表达得生动形象，在以in, out, up, down, away, off, over, next, such, back等副词作状语置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run等不及物动词的句子里(若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语序)。 Eg. ①铃一响，学生们就冲了出去。Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang. ②猫跳上去抓住了老鼠。 Up and caught the mouse. (2)there, here, now, then引导的句子及there/here be (exist, etc.)引导表示“存在”的句子(若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语序)。 Eg. ①车来了，快点吧。 Here comes the bus. Let's hurry. ②现在轮到你了。 Now . (3)表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首，强调地点概念时用完全倒装，此时应特别注意主谓一致问题。 Eg. ①在两座大楼之间有棵大树。 Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. ②地上躺着一只生病的山羊。On the ground lay a sick goat. (4)“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 Eg. 出席会议的是教我们英语的刘老师。 Present at the meeting was Mr. Liu, who taught us English. 用倒装句改写下列句子 (1)The bell goes there. (2)The old man sits in front of the house. (3)The meat drops down into the fox's mouth. 语法点----tenses [观察并总结时态] ①Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. ②People respect lawyers and you can have a good income. ③I have decided not to go to university. ④ ... you said that you wanted to be a professional soccer player. ⑤ ... you will have two options for your future. 1.一般现在时 (1)构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。 (2)基本用法 ①一般现在时表示经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often,always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week, rarely, seldom, hardly,ever, never等表示频率的副词连用。 业余时间我经常看书。I in my spare time. ②一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。 玛丽擅长音乐。 Mary music. 他英语懂得很多。 He a lot of English. ③一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。 地球绕着太阳转。 . 上海位于中国的东部。 Shanghai lies . ④在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。 ⑤一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，如go,come, leave, start, begin, open, close, arrive, take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。 火车今晚7：25开。The train at 7：25this evening. 我们的暑假七月初开始。Our summer vacation in early July. ⑥小说故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等一般使用一般现在时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜性”，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。 Harry Potter set in the modern world. ⑦一般现在时常用于格言或警句中。 骄者必败。 Pride before a fall. 2．一般过去时 (1)构成：动词过去式。 (2)基本用法 ①一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确表示过去的时间状语，如：yesterday,last week, in 1949, in the past, a few days ago等连用。 三年前我从一中毕业。 I No.1 Middle School three years ago. 今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。 I and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. 注意：有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。如： 再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没听见。 Your phone number again? I quite catch it. ②一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 她起床后，洗完脸，刷完牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。 She and then went to work. ③一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually, sometimes等表示频度的词连用。 我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。 When I was a teenager, I almost every day. 她爸爸去年常常在家做些家务。 Her father usually at home last year. ④一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 我不知道你在这里，你来了多久了？ I you were here. How long have you been here? ⑤在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。 他说如果下雨他就不去了。 He said he would not go if it . 3．一般将来时 (1)构成：shall/will＋动词原形，be going to＋动词原形，be (about) to do sth. (2)基本用法 ①shall/will＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。 下周我将去拜访他。 . 汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。---噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。 Tom badly in the accident yesterday. ---Oh,I didn't know. I after work. ②will＋动词原形，表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。 无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。 Wherever he goes, he with him. 油总是浮在水上。Oil water. ③be going to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。 下星期天你打算干什么？ What next Sunday? 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 Look at the black clouds！ . ④be (just) about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要…，就要…”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但常与when连用。 请准备好。实验就要开始了。 Please get everything ready. The experiment start. ⑤be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。 今天该谁打扫教室了？ Who today? 4．现在进行时 (1)构成：is/am/are＋现在分词。 (2)基本用法 ①现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now,at present, at this moment, these days, this week/month等时间状语连用。 同学们正在教室里复习功课。 All the classmates the lesson in the classroom now. 这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。 These days we the farmers work on the farm. ②现在进行时常与always,continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 She is always others instead of herself. 那个男孩老是提这类愚蠢的问题。 The boy is constantly . ③现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常与come,go, leave, depart, arrive, stay, start/begin, take off等动词(词组)连用。 史密斯先生今晚去南京。 Mr Smith Nanjing tonight. 会议在下午三点开始。 The meeting three this afternoon. 5．现在完成时 (1)构成：have/has＋过去分词。 (2)基本用法 ①现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already,yet, never, before, so far, up to now等连用。 我已经提前制订了学习计划。 I for my study ahead of time. 你做完作业了吗？----是的，我已经做完了。 ②现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会继续下去。常用的时间状语有：for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，so far, recently, lately, this week, this month, this year, these days, during/in the last/past few years等。 我们学英语八年了。 自从三年前他就住在伦敦。 注意：当现在完成时表示动作持续时，谓语动词应该使用延续性动词。 他已经离开十分钟了。 He has left for ten minutes.(×) He has been away for ten minutes. (√) 他买这本书已有两个月了。 He has bought this book for two months. ( ) He has had this book for two months. ( ) ③在“It/This is the first/second ... last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。 这是我第一次开车。 It is the first time I . 这是他拍的最有趣的电影。 This is the most interesting film that he . ④现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生。 我一完成作业就去参加聚会。 I'll go to the party as soon as I my homework. 练习： 1. Fashion differs from country to country and it ( reflect) the cultural differences. 2. This advanced course (design) for students who have completed one of the introductory（入门的）courses such as Basic Writing Skills. 3. The Dragon Boat Festival, which (date) back to the Warring States period, is one of the four most important festivals in China. 4. Despite the fact that we found it impossible to finish the task, he still (stick) with his idea. 5. The International Day of Families, which (set) by the United Nations in 1993, is held on 15 May every year. 6. It's neither aliens nor a disease that (threaten) the human race in the future,but climate change. 7. The rotting bananas (give) off a bad smell, so you'd better throw them away. 8. Up to now, medical technology (advance) greatly throughout the world. 9. Since the project started, nearly 500, 000 high-quality digital photographs (produce). 10. It is the third time that you (arrive) late this month. 11. It (be) many years since the first computer was invented. 12. They (debate) whether to carry on with the experiment when I entered the room. 第二节 词汇变化 1．obviously adv.明显地 obvious adj.明显的，可与it is obvious that互换 ①显然，说话能力把人类和动物区分开来。 , the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. ②没有明显的证据说明他在说谎。 There was no evidence that he was lying. ③很明显小偷进去了，因为锁坏了。 the thief got in through ---the lock is broken. 2．entire adj.整个的，完整的 entirely adv.全部地，完全地 ①我整个下午都在给吉姆买厚大衣。 I've spent the afternoon shopping for a heavy coat for Jimmy. ②他的工作并非完全令人满意。 His work was not satisfactory. complete “圆满，完整”，指各部分完整、充足、完结，无可复加。 entire “完整，全部”，不含“分割，切断，破坏”等义，而指所述整体。 total “全体，全部，总额，总量，总数”，强调一切都算在内，着重指数额。 whole “完全，全部”，含有各部分完全无缺之意。 3．positive adj.积极的，肯定的；阳性的 positively adv.积极地 (反)negative adj.消极的，否定的 ①我认为互联网对我们的生活有正面的影响。 I believe that the Internet has on our lives. ②在我看来，互联网对我们的生活有负面影响。 In my opinion, the Internet our lives. ③As a senior high school student, we should learn to face difficulties (positive)． ④ 任何人一旦禽流感病毒检测呈阳性，将获得政府提供的免费医疗。 Anyone, once tested for flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 4．aim v．力求达到 n．目标 aimless adj. 漫无目的的 achieve one's aim/goal 实现某人的目标 with the aim of doing... 带着……的目的 aim to do 打算做…… be aimed at (doing) sth. 目的在于…… ①要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。 Teamwork is required in order to achieve these . ②她去伦敦是为了找工作。 She went to London . ③这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。 This activity the students' ability of listening and speaking. ④当地政府已经采取了一些有效措施，目的是在经济困难时期减少开销。 The local government has taken some effective measures, the cost during the tough economy. ⑤The boy was found wandering (aim) in the street. 5.in trouble 有困难；处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦 ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦做某事 麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。 Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. ①我们应信任并尊重我们的朋友，在他们有困难的时候帮助他们。 We should trust our friends, respect them and always be ready to help them when they are . ②再有经验的登山者也会遇到麻烦。 Even an experienced climber can . ③父母给了我生命并含辛茹苦地把我养大。 My parents have given me life and bring me up. 重点短语 1 ．hear from 收到某人来信 2 ．go camping 去宿营 3 ．in his thirties 在他30多岁时 4 ．kind of 有点 5 ．be related to 与……有关联 6 ．a wide range of... 多种多样的 7 ．in the lead 占领先地位 8 ．now and then 偶尔，有时候 9 ．no longer 不再 10. a rang of 一系列的 11. make an apology 道歉 12. end up 最终成为，最后处于 13. leave...behind 将...抛在脑后；忘记带走 练习： 用方框内短语的适当形式填空 in the lead; settle for; no longer; now and then; end up 1.This section of the road is so narrow that there are traffic jams . 2.With only 100 metres to go, Tom is still so he is very likely to win the game. 3.With the fast development of the economy, my hometown is what it used to be. 4.If you don’t know what you really want, you might getting something you don’t want. 5.Since there was no other room available, I had to the one without an air conditioner. 重点句型 1．在我的整个人生中，我的兄弟一直尽力在一切我做的事情方面打败我。 Throughout my entire life, I've had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. have sb./sth. doing让某人某物一直…，强调状态的持续， can't have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事，have表示“容忍”之意 have的其他用法： have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sth. done 让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的 have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语) ①我不允许你反复犯同样的错误。 I won't the same mistake again and a gain. ②他很有趣，一路上让我们笑个不停。 He was very funny and all the way. ③没有必要担心，我会让Tom去机场接你。 There is no need to worry. I will at the airport. ④I was watching the clock all through the meeting because I had a train (catch)． 2.在那一刻，他不再是一个致力于得奖牌的运动员，他只是一个哥哥。 At that moment, he was no longer an athlete aiming for a medal — he was just a brother. aim for a medal在句中作后置定语，修饰前面名词athlete，与被修饰词构成主动关系。 ①我不能回答儿子提出的问题。 I couldn't answer the question by my son. ②有很多人正在等待开门。 There are many people for the door to open. ③Do you know the boy (swim) in the swimming pool? ④We are studying in a school (build) in 1934. $$