内容正文:
专题06 定语从句
考点精讲
考点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)
who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
whom 指人在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物在从句中作定语
as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词
考点二:as 的用法
(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
(2)as与which的区别
a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
考点三:只用that不用which的情况
1、先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
考点四:只用which不用that的情况
1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
2、 在非限制性定语从句中。
3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
考点五:只用who不用that的情况
1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。
2、there be 结构中。
3、当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时。
4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。
5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语中)。
6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。
7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。
8、先行词是拟人化的名词。
9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。
考点六:关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when时间状语
注意:It/This/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略,从句用相应的完成时。
2、where 地点状语
注意:当先行词为模糊的地点时,如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.
3、why 原因状语 先行词为reason。
考点七:介词与关系代词
1、介词如何确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
(2)依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定
(3)根据意思来确定
(4)为了强调某一名词,不定式前加上关系词
2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置
(1)whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
(3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。
3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:
名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。
考点八:注意way和time后接定语从句的情况
1、当先行词是way,且意为“方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:that/in which/不填。
注意:关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,按正常的定语从句分析。
2、当先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
1.Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
2.(2010﹒湖南)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
3.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
4.That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
6.-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
7.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
8.As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
9.The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
10.The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
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专题06 定语从句
考点精讲
考点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)
who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
whom 指人在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物在从句中作定语
as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词
考点二:as 的用法
(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
(2)as与which的区别
a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
考点三:只用that不用which的情况
1、先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
考点四:只用which不用that的情况
1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
2、 在非限制性定语从句中。
3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
考点五:只用who不用that的情况
1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。
2、there be 结构中。
3、当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时。
4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。
5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语中)。
6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。
7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。
8、先行词是拟人化的名词。
9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。
考点六:关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when时间状语
注意:It/This/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略,从句用相应的完成时。
2、where 地点状语
注意:当先行词为模糊的地点时,如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.
3、why 原因状语 先行词为reason。
考点七:介词与关系代词
1、介词如何确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
(2)依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定
(3)根据意思来确定
(4)为了强调某一名词,不定式前加上关系词
2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置
(1)whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
(3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。
3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:
名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。
考点八:注意way和time后接定语从句的情况
1、当先行词是way,且意为“方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:that/in which/不填。
注意:关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,按正常的定语从句分析。
2、当先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
1.Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。
2.(2010﹒湖南)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【解析】该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。
3.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
【答案】A
【解析】先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。
4.That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
【答案】C
【解析】句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。
5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future.
6.-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意:—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗?—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barber’s 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。
7.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为: “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
8.As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意:还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。
9.The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
10.The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。
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