专题06 定语从句（考点精讲）- 【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河南专用）

专题06 定语从句 考点精讲 考点一：定语从句的基本概念 1.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 EG1：The man who is talking to our English teacher is Tom’s father. 2.关系词的作用： ①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用; ②在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致; ③指代先行词的作用，关系代词的含义就是先行词的含义，关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。 EG2：This is the factory where（in which）his father once worked. 这是我父亲曾经工作的工厂。 【解析】关系词where/in which 除了连接主句“This is the factory”与从句“his father once worked”外，还在从句中作地点状语，而且指代先行词，相当于in the factory. EG3：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。 【解析】关系词that除了连接主句“We should do all”和从句“is useful to the people”外，还在从句中作主语，而且指代先行词all。 3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 EG4: Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 【限制性定语从句】  她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥） EG5:Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 【非限制性定语从句】  她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：她只有一个哥哥） 注意： ①限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开。有无逗号是区分它们的标志。 ②注意定语从句的翻译：限制性定语从句翻译成“......的......”; 而非限制性定语从句翻译成两个句子。 ③限制性定语从句是对现行词的修饰和限定，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充和说明，关系词不可以省略。 考点二：关系代词与关系副词的基本性质 注意： 1）、选择哪个关系词取决于先行词的指代和关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。 2）、如何判断关系词（常是要填的空格）在句中充当什么句子成分：主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，关系词就是什么成分。 考点三：whose 引导的定语从句 Whose引导定语从句时在从句中作定语用,后面必须接名词，先行词与后面的名词有所属关系；“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；whose 的先行词常指人，但有时也可以指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of which或of which+the名词”。 EG5：The house whose windows are broken is mine.  【whose windows在从句中作主语】 =The house of which the windows are broken is mine. =The house the windows of which are broken is mine. EG6: He is the man whose car was stolen yesterday. EG7: It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 【whose importance在从句中作宾语】 考点四：as 引导的限制性定语从句 as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，常用于先行词有the same, such, so 修饰时；即用于“the same...as...与...一样, such...as..., so....as...像...一样的”结构。 EG8：I have never heard such stories as the teacher told. 我从未听过老师讲的这样的故事。 EG9：The library doesn’t look the same as it was ten years ago.图书馆看上去和解放前大不一样了。 EG10：It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.它是一本每一个男生都能够容易读懂的书。 注意对比： EG11:This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.   【定语从句】 这本书是用初学者都能读懂的那么简单的英语写的。 EG12:This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 【结果状语从句】 这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，以至于初学者都能读懂。 小结：so/such.....that..... 表“如此......以至于.....”      so/such.......as.......表“像......一样的......” 考点五：that与which的区别 1、只能使用that的情况：  1).当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。  EG20: Do you have anything that is important to tell me?  2).当先行词被all, any, some, no,  every, each等修饰时。EG21: I have some books that are very good.  3).当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next等)所修饰时。  EG22: This is the first book that I bought myself.  4).当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only，the same 等词修饰时。  EG23: This is the very book that I lost yesterday.  5).当先行词又有人又有物时。  EG24: I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.  2、只能使用which的情况。  1)、非限制性定语从句中。 EG25：Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2)、在介词之后，作介词的宾语时。        EG26：This is a house in which lives an old man. 考点六：as与which的区别 which与as一样，都可以引导非限制性定语从句，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。 1).as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，可 以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。  EG27:As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.  EG28:Air, as we know, is gas. EG29:She told me she won the match , which was a lie. 2).如表示“如同...那样，正如....一样”含义，常用as，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）=as is known to us, as often happens（正如常发生的那样）as is often the case（情况常常如此）as we can see（正如我们看到的一样），as is said above(如上所说)等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。  EG30:As is known to all, China is a developing country. EG31:Kate was late for school , as often happened.  考点七：先行词the way后面的定语从句 The way作先行词时，关系词在句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句，作状语时用in which,这是由短语in the way(用这种方法)决定的；但是也可以用that引导，that还可以省略，这完全是语言习惯。 EG32：The way in which / (that) he solved the problem was very easy. EG33: The way (that/which) he explained to us was very easy. 【此句中that/which可以省略是因为它们是作宾语】 1.I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that  C. as   D. what 2. My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 3. ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times,  “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) 4. Children who are not active or         diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what          B. whose     C. which         D. that  5. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 6.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of         left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 7. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which           C. whose          D. what 8.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather A. this           B. that           C. what            D. which 9.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 10.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 定语从句 考点精讲 考点一：定语从句的基本概念 1.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 EG1：The man who is talking to our English teacher is Tom’s father. 2.关系词的作用： ①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用; ②在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致; ③指代先行词的作用，关系代词的含义就是先行词的含义，关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。 EG2：This is the factory where（in which）his father once worked. 这是我父亲曾经工作的工厂。 【解析】关系词where/in which 除了连接主句“This is the factory”与从句“his father once worked”外，还在从句中作地点状语，而且指代先行词，相当于in the factory. EG3：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。 【解析】关系词that除了连接主句“We should do all”和从句“is useful to the people”外，还在从句中作主语，而且指代先行词all。 3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 EG4: Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 【限制性定语从句】  她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥） EG5:Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 【非限制性定语从句】  她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：她只有一个哥哥） 注意： ①限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开。有无逗号是区分它们的标志。 ②注意定语从句的翻译：限制性定语从句翻译成“......的......”; 而非限制性定语从句翻译成两个句子。 ③限制性定语从句是对现行词的修饰和限定，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充和说明，关系词不可以省略。 考点二：关系代词与关系副词的基本性质 注意： 1）、选择哪个关系词取决于先行词的指代和关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。 2）、如何判断关系词（常是要填的空格）在句中充当什么句子成分：主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，关系词就是什么成分。 考点三：whose 引导的定语从句 Whose引导定语从句时在从句中作定语用,后面必须接名词，先行词与后面的名词有所属关系；“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；whose 的先行词常指人，但有时也可以指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of which或of which+the名词”。 EG5：The house whose windows are broken is mine.  【whose windows在从句中作主语】 =The house of which the windows are broken is mine. =The house the windows of which are broken is mine. EG6: He is the man whose car was stolen yesterday. EG7: It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 【whose importance在从句中作宾语】 考点四：as 引导的限制性定语从句 as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，常用于先行词有the same, such, so 修饰时；即用于“the same...as...与...一样, such...as..., so....as...像...一样的”结构。 EG8：I have never heard such stories as the teacher told. 我从未听过老师讲的这样的故事。 EG9：The library doesn’t look the same as it was ten years ago.图书馆看上去和解放前大不一样了。 EG10：It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.它是一本每一个男生都能够容易读懂的书。 注意对比： EG11:This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.   【定语从句】 这本书是用初学者都能读懂的那么简单的英语写的。 EG12:This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 【结果状语从句】 这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，以至于初学者都能读懂。 小结：so/such.....that..... 表“如此......以至于.....”      so/such.......as.......表“像......一样的......” 考点五：that与which的区别 1、只能使用that的情况：  1).当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。  EG20: Do you have anything that is important to tell me?  2).当先行词被all, any, some, no,  every, each等修饰时。EG21: I have some books that are very good.  3).当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next等)所修饰时。  EG22: This is the first book that I bought myself.  4).当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only，the same 等词修饰时。  EG23: This is the very book that I lost yesterday.  5).当先行词又有人又有物时。  EG24: I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.  2、只能使用which的情况。  1)、非限制性定语从句中。 EG25：Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2)、在介词之后，作介词的宾语时。        EG26：This is a house in which lives an old man. 考点六：as与which的区别 which与as一样，都可以引导非限制性定语从句，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。 1).as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，可 以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。  EG27:As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.  EG28:Air, as we know, is gas. EG29:She told me she won the match , which was a lie. 2).如表示“如同...那样，正如....一样”含义，常用as，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）=as is known to us, as often happens（正如常发生的那样）as is often the case（情况常常如此）as we can see（正如我们看到的一样），as is said above(如上所说)等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。  EG30:As is known to all, China is a developing country. EG31:Kate was late for school , as often happened.  考点七：先行词the way后面的定语从句 The way作先行词时，关系词在句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句，作状语时用in which,这是由短语in the way(用这种方法)决定的；但是也可以用that引导，that还可以省略，这完全是语言习惯。 EG32：The way in which / (that) he solved the problem was very easy. EG33: The way (that/which) he explained to us was very easy. 【此句中that/which可以省略是因为它们是作宾语】 1.I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that  C. as   D. what 【答案】B 【解析】不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。 2. My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 【答案】that I had done 【解析】先行词是 “all”的时候, 定语从句只能由 “that”引导, 又因为主句是一般过去时, “我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情, 所以要用过去完成时。 3. ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times,  “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) 【答案】As we have stressed 【解析】当句子以整个主句作为先行词, 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导, 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语 4. Children who are not active or         diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what          B. whose     C. which         D. that  【答案】B 【解析】不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。 5. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是：在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。 6.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of         left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 【答案】A 【解析】由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。 7. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which           C. whose          D. what 【答案】C 【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。 8.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather A. this           B. that           C. what            D. which 【答案】D 【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。 9.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。故选择which。 10.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 【答案】A 【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$