Unit1 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

[限时检测] [限时30分钟] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·邹城高二期中)According to a recent study，a new genetically modified(转基因的) rice can prevent infections of HIV，the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. The study reports the newly­developed rice produces proteins(蛋白质)that attach directly to the HIV virus.This process keeps the virus from mixing with human cells.The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide，nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries.Nearly two­thirds of HIV cases are in Africa.Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease. The new study predicts the rice­based method will lead to long­term use of the anti­HIV treatment across the developing world.Researchers said the “groundbreaking” discovery is “realistically the only way” that anti­HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world. They say the easiest and most cost­effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.The HIV­fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin.People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves.This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine. The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time.Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people.The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了最新的研究发现了一种转基因大米，可以防止HIV病毒的感染。 1．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The terrible situations of HIV infections. B．The rapid development of Africa. C．The practical ways to cure AIDS. D．The efforts made by the United Nations. 解析　主旨大意题。文章第三段中提到“...worldwide，nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017....Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS...”，全球HIV感染人数达到近3700万人，而且目前还没有治愈艾滋病毒的方法。由此可以推断，本段说明了在全球HIV病毒感染的严峻现状。 故选A。 答案　A 2．In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost? A．By transforming it into proteins. B．By processing it into a cream. C．By attaching it to the HIV virus. D．By adding it to an oral drug. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“They say the easiest and most cost­effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，科学家们认为最简单且最节约成本的方式就是把大米加工成膏状，涂在皮肤上。故选B。 答案　B 3．What can we infer about the genetic engineering process? A．It can prevent infections of HIV. B．It has produced dangerous chemicals. C．It is intended for the developed world. D.It requires further testing to ensure the safety. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people.The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”(转基因农作物的批评者认为它们会对人体有害。科学团队表示，还需要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人体有害的额外化学物质。)由此可以推断，科学家们认为还需要作进一步测试，以确保基因工程过程的安全性。故选D。 答案　D 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A biology textbook. B．A first aid brochure. C．A social web page. D．A health magazine. 解析　推理判断题。本文第一段提到“a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV...”，该项科学研究是关于一种新的转基因大米可以防止感染HIV病毒，其话题与健康有关。由此可以推断，文章可能是选自健康杂志。故选D。 答案　D B (2022·池州高二期中)When people visit their local family­owned pumpkin patch，they aren't usually looking for dinner.The majority of the nearly 2 billion pounds of pumpkins grown in the US each year are carved(雕刻) up instead of being eaten，making them a unique part of the agriculture industry.For people who prefer seasonal recipes to decorations，that may raise a few questions：Are the pumpkins sold for jack­o'­lanterns different from pumpkins sold as food？And are carving pumpkins any good to eat? Carving pumpkins，often with a round shape and deep orange color，don't taste very good，because they are bred to be decorations first.They have walls that are thin enough to stick a knife through and a texture (质地) that's unappealing compared to the ones consumers are used to eating.“Uncut carving pumpkins are safe to eat；however，it's not the best type to use for cooking，” Daria McKelvey，a supervisor for the Kemper Center for Home Gardening at the Missouri Botanical Garden，tells Mental Floss.Unlike decorative pumpkins，cooking pumpkins are small and dense(紧实的).This is one reason they taste better.McKelvey says.“Cooking pumpkins are smaller，sweeter，and have fewer fibers，making them easier to cook with—but not so good for carving.” These pumpkins can be added into soup，or simply roasted. If you do want to get some use out of your carving pumpkins，turn the flesh of your carving pumpkin into purée.Adding sugar and spices and baking it into a dessert can do a lot to mask the fruit's underwhelming flavor(味道).Whatever you do，make sure your pumpkin isn't carved up already when you decide to cook with it.Never use one that's been carved into a jack­o'­lantern，otherwise you could be dealing with bacteria，dirt and dust. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了装饰性南瓜和食用南瓜完全是不同的品种，前者是不建议食用的，因为不是很美味，如果真的要吃，那一定要选用没被雕刻过的南瓜。 5．What's the writer's purpose in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new concept. B．To lead readers to the topic. C．To make a summary. D．To offer background information. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Are the pumpkins sold for jack­o'­lanterns different from pumpkins sold as food？And are carving pumpkins any good to eat？” (作为南瓜灯原材料出售的南瓜和作为食物出售的南瓜一样吗？雕刻南瓜的味道好不好？)可知，作者提出来的这两个问题是在吸引读者，引发读者阅读的兴趣，同时也预示着作者在下文会有解释，旨在引导读者进入主题。故选B。 答案　B 6．How does the text mainly develop in Paragraph 2? A．By providing examples. B．By following the order of time. C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of importance. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Carving pumpkins，often with a round shape and deep orange color，don't taste very good，”(雕刻南瓜的形状通常是圆形的，颜色是深橘色，但雕刻的南瓜的味道不太好。)、第二段第三句“Uncut carving pumpkins are safe to eat” (未经雕刻的南瓜吃起来是安全的)、第二段第四句“Unlike decorative pumpkins，cooking pumpkins are small and dense.” (与装饰南瓜不一样，食用南瓜是小而密集。)以及第二段第六句“Cooking pumpkins are smaller，sweeter，and have fewer fibers，making them easier to cook with—but not so good for carving.” (烹饪南瓜更小、更甜并且纤维更少，更容易烹饪，但不太适合雕刻。)可知，本段是通过装饰南瓜和烹饪南瓜之间的比较来展开的。故选C。 答案　C 7．Why can't we cook with carved pumpkins according to the last paragraph? A．Because they are specifically used for decoration. B．Because they are not so delicious as the ones sold for food. C．Because they are too expensive to serve as a dish. D．Because they are not healthy and safe enough as food. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Never use one that's been carved into a jack­o'­lantern，otherwise you could be dealing with bacteria，dirt and dust.” (永远不要用一个已经被雕成南瓜灯的南瓜来烹饪，否则你要面对的是细菌、尘土和灰，还有其他微生物。) 可知，用一个已经被雕成南瓜灯的南瓜来烹饪，你要面对的是细菌、尘土和灰，还有其他微生物，由此可见是不健康的。故选D。 答案　D 8．Where is the text most likely from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A guidebook. 解析　推理判断题。阅读全文可知，本文介绍了装饰性南瓜和食用南瓜是完全不同的品种。由此可推断出A.diary日记；C.novel小说；D.guidebook指南，本文的来源可能为一本杂志。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 Fighting food waste at home is not easy.However，it will get easier if you equip yourself with right tools and some basic cooking skills.　 1 　Also you can have much less smelly kitchen rubbish. Never ignore the use of the refrigerator.　 2 　Be sure to mark everything you put in the fridge because，once covered with frost，it's difficult to tell apart and you'll never remember，no matter how certain you feel at the moment.Make it a habit to check the fridge before each meal­planning. Learn key recipes.Certain recipes are effective at reducing food waste because they can consume close­to­expiring(接近过期的)ingredients，without making it any less delicious.So you can learn to make a bowl of great vegetable soup.　 3 　 Know your food waste patterns.Do you tend to overbuy food when leaving town？　 4 　And then give most of your attention to that area.What's more，when cooking food like French fries that don't reheat，be careful not to make too much. 5 　If a kid doesn't finish his milk，put it in the fridge and add it to your coffee next day.A partially eaten pancake can add to a packed lunch.And cheese is badly expensive.Never let it go to waste. A．Save small quantities of things. B．Take note of what you throw away most often. C．Never go to the market without planning your meals. D．Hopefully more people will take steps to reduce it at home. E．With these things you can reduce your food waste. F．That is，the fridge's power depends on your effort with paper and pen. G．In this way，you can use up ingredients quickly whenever you want. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文，主要介绍了如何减少粮食浪费。 1．E　根据空后的“Also you can have much less smelly kitchen rubbish”可知，本空也应与空后内容一样介绍使用正确的工具和掌握基本的烹饪技巧可减少厨房垃圾。E项中的these things指代上句中的tools和skills。 2．F　根据空后提出使用冰箱时要标记好放入冰箱的食物可知，F项“也就是说，冰箱的功效取决于你的努力。”是对空前建议的补充说明，符合语境。 3．G　根据空前提到的可以消耗掉快过期的食材的食谱可知，G项“这样，你就可以在想要的时候快速用完所有的食材。”补充说明了这样做的好处，符合语境。 4．B　根据本段的主旨句“Know your food waste patterns”可知，B项“注意你最常扔掉的东西。”与下文把你的大部分注意力放在这个领域相承接，介绍了了解自己浪费粮食的模式这个方式，符合语境。 5．A　根据空后的例子可知，空后内容介绍了将吃剩的少量食物利用起来的方法，故A项作为本段主旨句符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$