Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Edward O．Wilson，known as “ant man”，was born on June 10,1929，in Birmingham，Alabama.His parents divorced when he was young，and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood.Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife.One of these adventures left him partly blind，but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social structure. Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama.In 1955，he received his Ph.D.from Harvard University and worked there until retirement. Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959：how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later，in 1990，Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer­winning The Ants.It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson's major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur.The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography，where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology：The New Synthesis.The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior. Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true.In 1978，his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature，which won him a Pulitzer Prize in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books.These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status，but friends and colleagues say the polite southerner remained down to earth.“Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with，” said Corrie S．Moreau，who was one of Wilson's final advisers. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了“蚁人”爱德华·威尔逊的成长经历及其伟大成就。 1．What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．The discovery he made about ants. C．The school education he received. D．His boyhood time spent in nature. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife.”并结合下文内容可知，威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大，对蚂蚁格外感兴趣。 2．What is Wilson's first Pulitzer­winning book about? A．The social structure of ants. B．The distribution of different species. C．The links between biology and human culture. D．The role of chemical signals in communication. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1978...a Pulitzer Prize in 1979.”可知，爱德华·威尔逊在《论人性》一书中阐述了生物学在人类文化中的作用，并在1979年首次获得了普利策奖。 3．According to the last paragraph，which word best describes Wilson? A．Productive. B．Humble. C．Open­minded. D．Independent. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“the polite southerner remained down to earth...he was interacting with”可知，爱德华·威尔逊是一个谦逊有礼的人。 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．The Pioneering “Ant Man” B．Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology C．A Leading Figure in Popular Science D．The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句可知，文章主要讲述了“蚁人” 爱德华·威尔逊的成长经历及其伟大成就，因此A项最适合作本文标题。 B Plants don't have ears or a central nervous system，but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to“hear”．More specifically，plants have been shown to exhibit an immune response(免疫反应) to the mere sound of a hungry insect. For the study，researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants，which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants' leaves.The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger，and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.In other words，it appears that plants can“hear”themselves being chewed on. Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond to pressure found within their cell membranes.Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell，which can change the behavior of the proteins; however，additional study will be required to confirm or deny this theory. Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process，it could lead to advances in crop protection.Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant's natural chemical defenses against insect threats，rather than turning to poisonous chemicals. “We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture，”said study author Heidi Appel. The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments.They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.For instance，some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air.Plants can respond to light(think about sunflowers) and temperature.Some can even respond to touch，such as the Venus flytrap (捕蝇草)，which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs. [语篇解读]　密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。 5．Why did researchers carry out the study? A．To find out if plants can react to sounds. B．To learn how plants recognize dangers. C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves. D．To see how plants improve immune systems. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More specifically plants have been shown to exhibit an immune response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.”可知，植物已经被证明对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应；再由第二段研究过程可知，在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛虫咀嚼的声音，而这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应作出反应。由此可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应，故选A项。 6．What's the potential use of researchers' discovery? A．To remove insects. B．To protect crops. C．To treat plant diseases. D．To produce chemicals. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant's natural chemical defenses against insect threats，rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.”可知，农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学屏障抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质，即研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼，故选B项。 7．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．There are more plants than we know. B．Plants are more active than we think. C．Plants fit in well with their environments. D．Lots of secrets about plants remain unclear. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，特别是前两句可知，这项研究增加了为人们所知的植物感知环境的方式，并证明植物不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物，下文则举例说明植物能够互相交流或对外界刺激作出反应，所以本段想要告诉我们的是植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Can plants“talk”with each other? B．How do plants make use of sounds? C．Can plants“hear”themselves being eaten? D．How do plants defend themselves against attacks? 解析：选C　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to‘hear’”可知，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能具有“听”的能力。文章介绍了该研究的研究过程、研究结论，以及相关潜在应用。由此可推断，C项(植物能“听到”自己被吃掉的声音吗？) 最适合作为文章标题，故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 When living in Los Angeles，I walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house. Week after week，I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of the 1 with a small metal cage next to her. My 2 finally got the best of me and I 3 the woman one day.I noticed that it was 4 a small trap and that she had three small turtles in it.In her lap，there was a fourth turtle that she was carefully 5 down with a sponge.I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week.Smiling，she explained that she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that 6 on a turtle's shell reduces its 7 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming. I was 8 as the woman continued，“I do this every Sunday morning，or life­threatening 9 might appear.” “But don't most turtles live their 10 lives with seaweed on their shells？” I asked.The woman agreed that was the 11 .I replied，“Well then，you are 12 to do this，but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked 13 down at the small turtle.“Young man，to the world I may be one person，but to this little turtle I am the world.” Indeed，though you may not be able to change the world or 14 everyone，you can still make a big 15 in one person's life.Never choose to not do anything just because you can't do everything. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一位老太太每周日早晨都在湖边用海绵帮海龟刷去身上的海草以便海龟能够很好地吸收热量和正常游泳的故事告诉我们，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮到每一个人，但是我们小小的善举仍能给世界和他人带去很大的影响。 1．A.field B．court C．water D．cliff 解析：选C　根据上文中的“I walked...around a lake”可知，作者每周日早晨都能在湖边看到一位老太太。 2．A.pity B．anxiety C．curiosity D．responsibility 解析：选C　根据语境可知，由于耐不住好奇心，作者最终走近那位老太太去一探究竟。get the best of “获胜；胜过；占上风”。 3．A.inspired B．assisted C．contacted D．approached 解析：选D　参见上题解析。 4．A.naturally B．normally C．originally D．actually 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者走近一看发现金属笼子实际上是一个捕捉器。 5．A.wiping B．turning C．breaking D．pressing 解析：选A　根据下文中的“she was cleaning their shells”可知，老太太正在拿海绵擦拭龟壳。 6．A.builds up B．brings up C．sets out D．hands out 解析：选A　根据语境和常识可知，海草会堆积在海龟壳上。 7．A.risk B．cost C．burden D．ability 解析：选D　根据语境和常识可知，龟壳上沾满海草会影响海龟吸收热量的能力。 8．A.relieved B．impressed C．embarrassed D．disappointed 解析：选B　根据语境和常识可知，一位老太太拿着海绵擦拭海龟壳，这样的举动让作者感到很钦佩。 9．A.types B．places C．conditions D．movements 解析：选C　根据上文中的“reduces its to absorb heat and slows down their swimming”可知，这些情况可能会危及海龟的生命。 10．A.early B．entire C．energetic D．extraordinary 解析：选B　根据常识和下文中的“but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this”可知，大多数海龟的一生都会伴随这种情况。 11．A.magic B．reality C．purpose D．experience 解析：选B　根据常识可知，作者说的是一种实际情况。 12．A.police B．clumsy C．considerate D．ridiculous 解析：选C　根据上文中讲述的老太太拿海绵擦拭龟壳，因为龟壳上的海草影响海龟吸收热量的能力可知，老太太的行为是非常体贴的。 13．A.gently B．proudly C．nervously D．strangely 解析：选A　根据语境可知，老太太如此关爱海龟，因此她看海龟的目光应是非常温柔的。 14．A.know B．love C．own D．help 解析：选D　根据语境可知，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮助到每一个人，但我们仍然可以通过自己的一些小小的举动来给世界和别人带去很大的影响。 15．A.deal B．difference C．fortune D．decision 解析：选B　参见上题解析。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$