Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 语料积累 原文呈现 课文译文 ①myth[mɪθ]n.[C，U](古代的) 神话；虚构的东西 ②legend['ledʒ(ə)nd]n.[C，U]传说，传奇(故事) legendary['ledʒəndri]adj.传说的；非常著名的 ③as well as 也，还(常用于连接两个并列的成分) ④Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 [文化常识]　人们通常在西方国家的君王名称后面加其他名词来显示人们对其功绩或为人的评价。例如狮心王理查(Richard the Lionheart)，征服者威廉(William the Conqueror)。 ⑤fantasy['fæntəsi]n.[U]幻想，想象 ⑥reveal[rɪ'viːl]vt.显示；透露；揭示 reveal the truth/the secret揭露真相/泄露秘密 ⑦chemical['kemɪkl]n.[C]化学制品，化学品adj.化学的 chemistry n．[U]化学 chemist n．[C]化学家 ⑧release[rɪ'liːs]vt.释放 ⑨detect[dɪ'tekt]v.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) detective[d'ɪtektɪv]n.[C]侦探 ⑩drive away使离去 [拓展]　give away分发；赠送 break away逃脱 ⑪wasp[wɒsp]n.[C]黄蜂 ⑫more surprisingly 更令人吃惊的是(常用在句首，用于修饰全句) ⑬chilli['tʃɪli]n.[C，U]辣椒 ⑭tell vt.[熟词生义]分辨，识别 tell A from B 辨别A和B tell the difference between A and B分辨出A与B的区别 ⑮neighbouring['neɪbərɪ]adj.邻近的，附近的，毗邻的 ⑯indicate['ɪndɪkeɪt]vt. & vi.表明，显示 indication[ˌɪndɪ'keɪʃn]n.[C，U]显示，表明，标示 ⑰link[lɪk]v.把……联系起来；连接 link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来 ⑱in some ways在某种程度上 ⑲underground[ˌʌndə'ɡraʊnd]adv.在地下adj.地下的 ⑳fungus['fʌɡəs]n.[C]真菌(复数fungi) fungal['fʌɡ(ə)l]adj.真菌的；真菌引起的 version['vɜːʒn]n.[C]型式；变种；版本 cybercrime n．[C，U]网络犯罪 [构词法]　前缀cyber­意为“计算机的，网络的”，常置于名词和形容词前。由其构成的词还有cybersecurity(网络安全)，cyberthreat(网络威胁) 等。 The Secret Language of Plants Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.[1]Alexander the Great④ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories，such as the film Avatar，trees can communicate with animals and people. [1]此处为“主语＋be＋said＋不定式”句型。 [2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤，new research has revealed⑥ something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all. [2]此处为with复合结构，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。 [3]本句中的it作句子的主语，无实际意义。appears是系动词，其后的that则引导一个表语从句。 [4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals⑦ to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked by insects.The plant releases⑧ tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning，or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑨ the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩.Others attract insects—the wasps⑪！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，[5]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides. [4]本句中的It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。 [5]此处so that引导目的状语从句。 More surprisingly⑫，plants also use sound to communicate.People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots.Corn and chilli⑬ plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell⑭ if a neighbouring⑮ plant is helpful，or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises [6]when there is not enough water，indicating⑯ drought is arriving. [6]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；indicating...arriving是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link⑰ nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．It is in some ways⑱ similar to the Internet we use.[7]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground⑲ by fungi⑳.This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.[8]Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.For example，some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. [7]此处While为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为“而，然而”。 [8]此处是现在分词短语作方式状语。 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [9]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. [9]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，其中介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。 植物密语 会说话的植物长久以来都是神话和传说里的事情。许多文化里都有会说话的树给人们警告和建议的故事。据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样一棵树。而且在一些现代故事中，像电影《阿凡达》，树木可以与动物和人交流。 我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新的研究有了惊人的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 人们知道植物使用化学物质相互交流已经有一段时间了。当某种植物(比如豆类植物) 受到昆虫侵害的时候就会这样做。(受侵害的) 植株从正被啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，就像是发出警告或者呼救：“我被攻击了！”另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤植株释放出的化学物质时，它便开始释放自身不同的化学物质。其中一些化学物质把昆虫驱走，另一些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死正啃食豆类植株的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，这样我们就可以利用其种植农作物，而不使用农药。 　　更令人惊讶的是，植物也会用声音交流。虽然人类无法听到，但是植物确实在发出声音。有些植物用根部发出响声，玉米和辣椒就是如此。它们还会“倾听”其他植物发出的声音。辣椒可以分辨出邻近的植物是敌是友。一些树在没有足够的水分时，会发出咔嗒声以示干旱即将来临。 最令人惊讶的是，植物之间有一个惊人的交流系统，该交流系统可以把森林里几乎每一株植物联系起来。科学家称该系统为“植物万维网”。它在某种程度上与我们使用的互联网相似。互联网是由电缆和卫星连接起来的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网是由真菌在地下连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根系相互连接了起来。通过植物万维网，植物可以相互分享信息甚至食物。例如，一些松树能够给松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。不过就像我们的互联网一样，植物万维网也有自己版本的“网络犯罪”。植物间会互相窃取食物，或者传播毒素以攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家将学会如何建造“防火墙”来帮助阻止植物万维网内部的攻击。 科学家对于植物互相交流的秘密方式的认识与日俱增。谁知道呢？也许有一天，我们对植物交流有了足够的了解，便能够亲自与它们“交谈”。 Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．root n．根 2．link v．把……联系起来；连接 3．centimetre n．厘米 拓展单词 4．legend n．传说，传奇(故事) →legendary adj.传说的；非常著名的 5．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) →detection n．发现，察觉，侦察→detective n．侦探 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．as well as 不但……而且……；既……又……；除了…… 2．communicate with sb 与某人交流 3．tiny amounts of 微量的 4．drive away 驱走；驶离 5．in some ways 在某些方面 6．be similar to 与……相似 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．sb/sth be said to do...“据说……” Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited (据说见过) such a tree in India. 2．with复合结构 With us long believing (我们一直认为) that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all. 3．it作形式主语 It has been known for some time that (人们已经知道……有一段时间了) plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 4．the way＋定语从句 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other (植物相互交流的秘密方式). Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What's mainly talked about in the passage? A．Scientists find plants can “talk” with each other. B．Scientists find plants can “talk” with people. C．Scientists aren't sure whether plants can “talk”． D．Scientists can use the secret language of plants. 2．How can bean plants communicate? A．Through calling for help. B．Through driving insects away. C．Through making special sounds. D．Through releasing chemicals. 3．What can we learn about chilli plants? A．They can make noises as well as hearing noises from other plants. B．They can detect the chemicals from the neighbours and make sounds. C．They have been used by scientists to observe the state of the water. D．They use sounds that can be heard by people to communicate. 4．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．An incredible communication system of plants. B．The formation of the “wood wide web”． C．The advantages and disadvantages of the “wood wide web”． D．The “firewall” created by scientists for plants. 答案　1－4 ADAA [核心词汇] 1．tiny amounts of　微量的 [经典例句]Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly. 现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。 (1)amount n．　数量，量；程度 vi.合计，共计 (2)a large/small amount of　大/少量的 large/small amounts of　大/少量的 in large amounts　大量地 (3)amount to　合计；共计；等同于，意味着 [温馨提示] an amount (of)，amounts (of) 作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)So far，a large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated (donate) to the local school. (2)The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family. [写美]——续写佳句之感恩 (3)俗话说“滴水之恩当涌泉相报”。 As the old saying goes，a little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge/large amount of benefit. 2．drive...away　把……赶走 [经典例句]People in the past tended to light a small pile of dry grass to drive mosquitoes away.过去，人们经常点燃一小堆干草驱赶蚊子。 drive off　驱车离去；驶去 drive...out　迫使……离开 drive sb to/into...　迫使某人进入某状态 drive sb to do sth　迫使某人做某事 drive sb crazy/mad　把某人逼得发疯/发狂 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off. (2)His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him to come (come) to China. [写美]——续写佳句之情绪描写 (3)班上的孩子们经常取笑她，这简直让她发疯。 The children in the class often made fun of her，which drove her crazy. 3.link v．把……联系起来；连接 n.联系；关联 [经典例句]Scientists wonder whether there is a link between the two species. 科学家想知道这两个物种之间是否有关联。 (1)link...to/with...　将……和……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with...　与……有联系 (2)a link with...　与……的联系 a link between...and...　……和……之间的联系 [温馨提示] 与link...to/with...类似的表达还有： join...to...　把……与……连接起来 connect...with/to... 把……与……连接起来 associate...with... 把……与……联系在一起 relate...to... 把……与……联系起来 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The ancient Silk Road linked China to/with some countries in Central Asia as early as over 1,000 years ago. (2)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between salty foods and high blood pressure. [写美]——一句多译 (3)毫无疑问，肺癌与吸烟有密切的联系。 ①There is no doubt that lung cancer is closely linked to/with smoking.(link v．) ②There is no doubt that there is a close link between lung cancer and smoking.(link n．) [重点句型] “sb/sth be said to do...”意为“据说……” (教材原句)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. 据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵这样的树。 (1)“sb/sth be said to do...”可改写为：“It is said that...”或“People say that...”。该句型中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即： sb/sth＋be＋said＋ (2)常用于该句型的过去分词还有：thought、believed、suggested、known、reported等。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·全国乙卷) It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at a higher risk of the disease. (2)China is reported to have sent (send) up the Chang' e­5 probe to get samples from the moon. [写美]——一句多译 (3)人们认为中国剪纸在中国有1 500多年的历史。 ①Chinese paper­cutting is believed to have a history of more than 1,500 years in China. ②It is believed that Chinese paper­cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years in China. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．give advice as well as warnings to people 给予人们忠告和警示 2．after all 终究；毕竟 3．get attacked by 被……袭击 4．release tiny amounts of chemicals 释放微量的化学物质 5．a call for help 求救 6．warning system 警报系统 7．make a noise 制造噪音 8．most surprisingly of all 最令人惊奇的是 9．pine tree 松树 10．steal sth from 从……偷/窃取某物 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．A root (根) vegetable is what we call vegetables that grow underground. 2．This famous movie was adapted from an ancient Chinese myth (神话)． 3．Scientific evidence suggests that sea levels here will rise by at least 30 centimetres (厘米) by 2030. 4．据报道，昨晚这个地区发生了严重地震，造成了巨大的损失。 A serious earthquake is reported to have struck this area last night，causing a lot of damage. 5．肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的概率。 Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been linked with/to an increased risk of heart disease. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．There are many wonderful legends (传说) about this famous hero in my hometown. 2．Asia and Europe，being two different areas，are linked (连接) together by mountains and rivers. 3．Dogs can detect (察觉) sounds beyond humans' hearing limit. 4．Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 centimetres (厘米) to 14 metres. 5．We need to find out the root (根源) of the problem before we solve it. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2022·浙江卷1月) Klein's understanding of the age of electricity is closely linked to/with the steam age. 2．Something that happens in your daily life will change the way that you look at the world. 3．The constructions as well as all the art works of the Forbidden City are (be) well preserved by the professionals. 4．As we all know，the Internet will let people have access to huge amounts (amount) of information from their own homes. 5．The fire is reported to have spread (spread) quickly due to dry and windy conditions yesterday. 6．In everyday communication (communicate)，information conveyed by gestures is often misinterpreted. 7．I will drive away your loneliness by talking about things that interest you. 8．The twins seem to be alike in some ways，but they are quite different in their characters. 9．Early detection (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don't have any symptoms yet. 10．A firm handshake is generally regarded as an indication (indicate) that someone is confident. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。(the way＋定语从句) He was filled with anger at the way(in which/that) he had been treated. 2．奇怪的是他竟然对此一无所知。(it作形式主语) It is strange that he should know nothing about it. 3．老师在教室里来来回回走动，手里拿着一本书。(with复合结构) The teacher was walking back and forth in the classroom，with a book in his hand. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 1．It has been believed for a long time that talking plants are fantasy.But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other. Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals.When 2.attacked (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals.This is 3.like a warning or a call for help.When other plants detect 4.the warnings，they release their own chemicals to drive insects away.Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects. More 5.surprisingly (surprising)，plants also use sound 6.to communicate (communicate) with each other though people can't hear the sound.Some plants make noises with their roots.Some plants “listen” to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7.helpful (help) or unfriendly.Some plants make clicking noises,8.indicating (indicate) that drought is coming.Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the “wood wide web” to share information or even food with each other. 9．Scientists (scientist) will learn more about the way in 10.which plants communicate with each other. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$