Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词进行补充说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，如果省略非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍然完整清楚。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 一、非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词的选择 关系代词 所指 所作成分 who 指人 主语 whom 指人 宾语(不能省略，不能用who替代) which 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等 whose 指人或指物 定语 as 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等 ◆Mr.Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of my father. 张先生是我父亲的一位老朋友，他昨天来看我了。 ◆Peter，whom you met in London，is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 ◆Mr Zhu，whose daughter was admitted to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday. 朱老师昨天退休了，他女儿去年被清华大学录取了。 ◆Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect. 汤姆学习努力且乐于助人，这正是他父母所期望的。 ◆More and more people in the world，as we see，have come to realize the significance of pollution control. 正如我们所见，世界上越来越多的人已经意识到控制污染的重要性。 [温馨提示] (1)非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。 (2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：as we all know/as is known to all众所周知；as you can see如你所见；as is expected正如预料的那样；as has been said above如上所述；as is often the case这是常见的情况。 (3)as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词 指代 意义 从句位置 as 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 正如；像 可位于句首、句中或句末 which 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分 这一点；这/那 一般位于主句之后 2.关系副词的选择 关系副词 所指 所作成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象地点名词 地点状语 ◆We will put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。 ◆I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。 [温馨提示] 关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替why来引导。 ◆None of us accepted the reason he explained，for which he was absent. 我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 [即时演练1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2022·全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th,2019. (2)(2021·天津卷3月) My editor Toni，who is also a writer，has edited several history books. (3)(2021·全国甲卷) Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. (4)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school，when，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory. (5)Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 二、非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题 1．非限制性定语从句常位于句末，但也可位于句中，这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。 ◆The children，who wanted to play football，were disappointed when it rained. 那些小孩子都想踢足球，他们因下雨而感到失望。 2．“介词＋关系代词”也可引导非限制性定语从句。 先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不能用who/that；先行词指物时，关系代词用which，不能用that。 ◆A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities，with whom you sparkle and become more knowledgeable. 朋友就是能使你表现出你自己最佳品质的人，与之在一起你就会精神焕发，更有见识。 ◆Last night I took part in a party and lost my key，without which I can't open the door of my dormitory. 昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙弄丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。 3．“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。 ◆Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently. 朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三门语言她都说得很流利。 ◆Her sons，both of whom work abroad，ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子每周都给她打电话，他们俩都在国外工作。 4．“名词＋of＋关系代词”有时可用“of＋关系代词＋名词”或“whose＋名词”替换。 ◆The building had been repaired，the roof of which was destroyed again in a big fire. ＝The building had been repaired，of which the roof was destroyed again in a big fire. ＝The building had been repaired，whose roof was destroyed again in a big fire. 那栋楼房曾经被整修过，但在一场大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。 [即时演练2]——用适当的关系代词填空 (1)(2022·北京卷) That includes cups，bottles，and bags，most of which are only good for one use. (2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) A city pass，with which she can visit 12 different attractions，including the Natural History Museum，the Science Museum，the zoo and more. (3)Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday，four of whom were badly injured. 三、限制性/非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号与主句分开 用逗号与主句分开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，若删去，句子意思将不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，若删去，句子意思仍然完整、明确 译法上 通常译成先行词的定语，即“……的……” 通常译成与主句并列的分句 关系词的 使用上 (1)可用that (2)关系代词作宾语时可省略 (1)不用that (2)关系代词作宾语时不可省略 ◆This is the book(which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 ◆The book，which he lost yesterday，has been found. 他昨天丢的那本书已经找到了。 ◆He is the man who lives next to me. 他是住在我隔壁的那个人。 ◆He is a generous man，who lives next to me. 他是一个慷慨的人，住在我的隔壁。 [即时演练3]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2)(2022·浙江卷1月) Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (3)(2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100­kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (4)He has made great progress in his work，which makes his parents very proud. (5)As is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. [核心词汇] 1．impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象 [经典例句] The little boy impressed me with his big bright eyes the first time I saw him.第一次见到这个小孩时，他明亮的大眼睛就给我留下了深刻的印象。 (1)impress sb with sth某事/某物给某人留下印象 impress sth on/upon sb使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with对……印象深刻；被……感动 (2)impression n．[C]印象；感想 leave/make/have a(n)．..impression on sb给某人留下一个……的印象 (3)impressive adj.使人印象深刻的 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·全国甲卷) Antarctica left an impression (impression) on me that no other place has. (2)(2022·全国甲卷) With an impressive (impress) 2,000­seat concert hall，St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. (3)My teacher impressed the value of hard work on/upon me，which has been benefiting me over years. [写美]——完成句子 (4)给我印象最深的是爱尔兰的民间舞蹈和歌曲，这绝对是艺术节的亮点之一。 What impressed me most was Irish folk dances and songs，which were definitely one of the highlights of the festival. 2.deserve v．应得，应受到 [经典例句] No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our respect. 不管一份工作多么普通，它都在社会中起着作用，因此它应受到我们的尊敬。 (1)deserve to do sth值得/应该做某事 deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得(被) 做 (2)deserve attention/consideration/sympathy值得注意/考虑/同情 deserve blame/punishment应受责备/惩罚 [温馨提示] deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。need，want，require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)It's better for you to listen more in your spare time while learning English.I think the suggestion deserves careful consideration (consider)． (2)We deserved to win (win) the competition with our joint efforts rather than with the help of luck. [写美]——一句多译 (3)保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。 ①Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve consideration. ②Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve considering. ③Keep an open mind，because everyone's ideas deserve to be considered. Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．Youth covers a wide variety of topics，which lead us into the outer world. 2．The famous singer，who is from Britain，has a number of devoted fans in China. 3．I paid a visit to a company last month，where my brother is working. 4．He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 5．Mr.Liu，in whose office there are nine clerks，is the youngest of them. 6．We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts(被褥)，of which up to half have gone to flood­hit areas. 7．He planted two trees last year，both of which are growing well. 8．Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，when he gave it to his grandson. 9．My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 10．I came across my primary school teacher this morning，with whom I have lost touch for almost 20 years. Ⅱ.用非限制性定语从句升级下列句子 1．After that，you can go to Shanghai and you can stay there for a week. →After that，you can go to Shanghai，where you can stay for a week. 2．Mr.Smith is a famous scientist.I have learned a lot from him. →Mr.Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 3．John invited about 40 people to his wedding.Most of them are family members. →John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 4．I have a good command of English and Chinese and it is beneficial for me to introduce Chinese culture to foreigners. →I have a good command of English and Chinese，which is beneficial for me to introduce Chinese culture to foreigners. 5．Xi'an is one of the few cities with city walls.Its history is as long as 3,000 years. →Xi'an，whose history is as long as 3,000 years，is one of the few cities with city walls. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The woman has a lot of friends，some of whom are very famous writers in China. 2．I am most grateful to my parents，who are always there to encourage me and care for me. 3．Much of his youth was spent in Beijing，where he developed an interest in Peking Opera. 4．They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing. 5．Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. 6．Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the park，in which they had a good time. 7．As is reported in the newspaper，a serious accident has happened recently. 8．There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin，among which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best. 9．The sports meeting will be put off till next month，when we will have made full preparations. 10．Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．As is known to all of us, Mark Twain is a great writer. 众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的作家。 2．They went to London，where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦，在那里他们生活了六个月。 3．He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。 4．Last week I happened to meet Li Li in the street，who seemed to be very busy. 上星期我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。 5．I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in this school，most of whom were from Germany. 我听说大约有50名外国学生在这所学校学习汉语，其中大部分来自德国。 Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 用适当的连词或关系词完成下面短文。 Nat,1.who was ten years old，lived in a small town in England.He always stayed in England for his holidays,2.but one day he decided to go to Spain,3.where all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid,4.which is the Spanish capital，and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning，he went out for a walk.In England，people drive on the left.But in Spain，they drive on the right,5.which he forgot.6.While he was walking along a busy street，a bike 7.which/that came before him，knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital，in 8.which the girl 9.who/that rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days，Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn't forget the days 10.when he stayed in Spain. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$