2024年中考英语二轮复习课件 宾语从句

The Object Clause 宾语从句 一、基本概念: 宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中做主句的宾语。 eg:We know (that) Sugar teaches 主句 引导词 宾语从句 English. 2.Sam住在哪儿? Where does Sam live ? 1.Shirley是一名学生。 Shirley is a student. Shirley说她是一名学生。 Shirley says _ that she is a student. 你能告诉我Sam住在哪儿? Could you tell me_ where Sam lives ? (宾语从句) (宾语从句) eg: 3.你几岁了? How old are you? 我想知道你几岁了. I wanted to know_ how old you were. 4. Amy会游泳吗? Can Amy swim ? 她问Amy 是否会游泳. She asked _ whether\if Amy could swim. (宾语从句) (宾语从句) 句子结构: 1.that- 主句+引导词 2.where\what- + 从句 3.whether\if - _ _ _ 主句部分 + 引导词 + 从句部分 1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes? 2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not? 3.Could you please tell me who will bring food? 4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy? 5.Could you please tell me when the party starts? 6.Could you please tell me where the party is? 7.Could you please tell me how we can get there? 8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take? 学好宾语从句过好“四关” : 第一关:引导词 that if/whether 是否 wh/how 即特殊疑问词 从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略) 从句是一般疑问句 从句是特殊疑问句 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型: (看从句) 学好宾语从句过好“四关” : 第一关:宾语从句引导词 一、 that 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 He says that he is a doctor. 2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose)或连接副词(when, where, how, why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略. 1.Could you tell me where he lives ? 2.I wanted to know how old you were. 1.填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me_you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be C A B B 5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C.what D. when 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 7.He asked me told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that B A A C 3.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if 引导, 翻译成:“是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚. 只能用whether不能用if的情况: 1)后有or not;2)介词后面;3)不定式(to do)前 1.She asked whether / if Jim could swim. 2. I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 一、选用适当的引导词填空 that; which, who, whom, when, where, how, why, whose; whether/if 1. Li Ping asked me _ I didn’t come to her birthday party yesterday. 2.The teacher asked Tom _ he was waiting for. .Her mother said _ she was going to get a horse for her. 4. Do you know _ this dictionary is ? why whom that whose 5. Can you tell me _ the man in red is ? 6.The girl asked _ skirt she should try on in this shop. 7. Could you tell me _ I can get to the nearest bus stop, please? 8. Do you know _ the best bookshop is? 9. I don’t know _the meeting will begin. 10. I want to know _ we should have a rest. who how where when whether \if which 第二关: 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。即: 主句部分+ 引导词+ _+_ +_ 主语 谓语 1. What are they drawing? Did you know Did you know _ 2. Where did he meet Jim? I want to know I want to know _ 3.Is the cat like a tiger or not ? She asked She asked _ or not. 从句部分 what they were drawing ? where he met Jim. whether the cat was like a tiger 其他 Does he work hard?I wonder. I wonder if he works hard.或 I wonder whether he works hard. When did he leave?I don’t know. I don’t know when he left. ①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈 述语序。如: He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语 序变为陈述语序。如: 1、引导词在从句中做主语,语序本身就是“主语+谓语” ,即从句部分顺序不变. 2、从句为What’s wrong/the matter/your trouble……?时 What is the matter with ……..? What is wrong with………? Which is the way to ……..? Who is on duty? What is in the box ? 注意事项 eg: I don‘t know what is in the box. 选择填空 ( )1.Do you know _ start? A. when we will B. when shall we C. when will we ( )2. Nobody is sure _ to visit our school. A. how does he come B. where will he come C. when he is coming A C ( )3. Don’t worry. I’ll show you _. A. where is the hospital B. where the hospital is C. the hospital is where ( )4. Excuse me. Can you tell me _? A. how does the ship leave B. when the ship leaves C. the ship had left B B ( )5. He didn’t tell me _. A how old is his friend B how old his friend was C his friend was how old ( )6. He asked _. A what is in the box B what was in the box C what in the box was B B ( )7. Do you know _. A who is on duty today B who on duty is today C who on duty today is ( )8.I don’t know _. A. what is the matter with him B. what the matter is with him C. what the matter with him is A A 宾语从句的时态一般是根据主句而定 1.当主句是一般现在时-从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态。“主现从随便” 2.主句是一般过去时-从句: 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 “主过从必过” 第三关: 宾语从句的时态 如:①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 如:I have heard(that)he_(come) back next week. We wonder when he _(start) learning English. will come started 时态 (看主句) ②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。 如:1.He said(that)there _ (be) no classes yesterday. 2.He told me he _(can) swim. were could 3.The teacher asked him what he _(do) at seven. was doing 4.My friend asked me when I _ (leave) for Beijing. would leave 或 was leaving 5.He told me that he _ (be) to Shanghai. had been 3.当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等,不管主句是什么时态,从句一律用一般现在时。“真理永一现” eg. He said that the earth goes around the sun. He said that light travels much faster than sound. could / would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。 注意事项 Could you tell me where he lives ? Could you tell me how he _(go) to school every day? goes 4.时态练习 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been A D 3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may B C 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled C (一) 否定前移: 当主句的谓语动词是“think,believe,suppose,imagine, guess” ,主语是第一人称(即:I, we )时,从句是否定概念时,必须把否定前移. eg:1.我认为他不会来了 I _. 第四关:特殊用法 don’t think that he will come 2.我们相信这鸭子不会走路. We didn’t _ the duck_ could walk. believe that (二) 由疑问词“when, who, what, how 等引导的 宾语从句与简单句 “疑问词+不定式”的互相转换. 1. I don’t know what I should do next. I don’t know _ _ _ next. 2.We didn’t know whether we could go or not. We didn’t know _ _ _ or not. 3. Lucy hasn’t decided which cup to choose . Lucy hasn’t decided _ _ _ _ choose. what to do which cup she will whether to go (没有if to的用法) /should (三) 宾语从句的标点符号得看主句. 即主句是疑问句则用“?”, 主句是陈述句则用“.” 1、变宾语从句的四个要素:引导词、语序、时态和标点符号。 2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。 3、注意主句与从句时态的一致性 (即:当主句是过去式时,从句要用 过去范畴的某种时态,客观真理或 自然现象除外)。 本节课内容小结: If/whether(是否)的区别 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下4种情况只能用whether: ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词后:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. ④做主语从句:Whether he is right isn’t important. 主语 从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致, 可简化成: 特殊疑问词+to do. Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office? Thanks $$