广东省部分市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解

广东省部分市 2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题汇编 阅读理解 广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 一、阅读理解 A Now it’s time to take the learning outdoors with our exciting summer camp sessions. Let’s have a look at what’s coming up for summer camps. Evergreen Explorers Join us as we travel through the ecosystems of Washington State in search of adventure and discovery. Campers will plant mini gardens, create useful items from recycled materials, and learn to filter water using the power of nature. (Grades 2 -3) Green by Design Explore the science behind sustainability and eco-friendly design in this hands-on camp session. Campers will work together to find ways to lead a greener life, from analyzing renewable energy sources to designing sustainable solutions for everyday challenges. (Grades 6-8) Greener Future Empower your child to make a positive impact on the planet in our Greener Future camp session. Campers will discover how to reduce environmental impacts, explore renewable energy sources, and create sustainable solutions for their communities. (Grades 6-8) Register for our sustainability camp! Don’t miss out on the opportunity for your child to become an eco-leader and make a difference for the planet! Register now for our Camps for Curious Minds sustainability sessions and set out on a journey towards a greener, more sustainable future. Together, let’s cultivate a generation of environmental protectors who are ready to change the world! 1．Which session can a third grader join? A．Evergreen Explorers. B．Green by Design. C．Greener Future. D．Recycling Camp. 2．What do participants learn to do in Greener Future camp session? A．Grow plants in mini gardens. B．Make use of the power of nature. C．Create ways for their daily challenges. D．Help communities develop sustainably. 3．Who is the advertisement intended for? A．Campers. B．Leaders. C．Teachers. D．Parents. B She came into my life when I was eight years old. My dad found her. She was getting lost and starving. He took one look at her, opened the door and she jumped in. Mom and Dad fed her and gave her a bath. As a girl, I had always wanted a dog. My parents told me when I was old enough and responsible, I could have one. When I got home, I was greeted with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was born that day. Now she needed a name. My older brother laughed at her and said her tail was deformed. It didn’t wag its tail back and forth, instead, it went in a circle. He said, “She’s squirrely.”Thus my puppy, Squirrely got her name. Squirrely was a smart dog. I taught her to play hide and seek. We would play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together. Eleven years we were together, best of friends. Arthritis (关节炎) and old age set in on her. My parents knew what had to be done, but they stood back and let me make the decision myself. She was suffering so much and the medicine didn’t help. She could barely walk. I looked into those deep brown eyes and realized it was time to let her go. I carried her into the pet doctor’s office and placed her on the table. Squirrely leaned her head forward and gave a lick to my hand, as if to say she understood. Her tail was wagging in that circle as it always did. When the pet doctor said “It’s over”, I wrapped her up in her favorite blanket, and carried her out. I buried her in the farm, where she loved playing and chasing rabbits. I know that special friend will be with me always. 4．What does the underlined word “squirrely” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strange. B．Cute. C．Active. D．Energetic. 5．What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? A．The author’s parents didn’t like the puppy. B．The author wasn’t responsible when she was young. C．The author’s brother gave the puppy a name on purpose. D．The author and the puppy loved each other at first sight. 6．Why did the author realize it was time to let her pet go? A．Her dog didn’t eat anything any more. B．Her dog had serious illness and suffered. C．Her dog didn’t play hide and seek with her. D．Her parents asked her to make the decision. 7．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show how she trained her dog. B．To explain how she got a smart dog. C．To tell her deep friendship with her dog. D．To describe the final days she spent with her dog. C Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness. It can lower stress, blood pressure and heart rate. Doctors are increasingly taking these findings seriously and using them to their patients. Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park — even if you don’t exercise while you’re there — is enough to improve well-being, according to the research. For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood — which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55 — before and after their park visit. The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, with an average increase of about 1.5 points (from about 37 to 39). For many people in the study, simply being in green space seemed to be enough to make a change. The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it. By writing nature prescriptions, physicians are encouraging their patients to get outdoors and take advantage of what many view to be free medicine. 8．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Health. B．Happiness. C．Staying outdoors. D．Taking exercise. 9．What did the new study find? A．Being outside costs a lot. B．A 20-minute break in nature is beneficial. C．Exercise is enough to improve well-being. D．Spending time outdoors is the fastest way to improve happiness. 10．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．The participants were recorded subjectively. B．The participants were recorded all the year round. C．The participants had to stay in the park for at least 20 minutes. D．The participants’ mood was calculated by their answering questions. 11．What does Dr. Robert Zarr think of spending time outdoors? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. D Time speeds up when you are having fun. But it slows down, it turns out, when one looks at something worth remembering. According to a research, people’s sense of how fast time passes can be influenced by the memorability of the images in front of them. A team led by Martin Wiener, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at George Mason University in America, tested how visual stimuli change people’s experience of time. They showed several dozen participants images of different scenes — from empty box rooms to filled stadiums — for between 300 and 900 milliseconds. After each one the participants had to say if the time spent looking at the image was short or long. Their responses showed that, when the images featured large scenes, such as an empty warehouse, more time seemed to have passed. The opposite happened when the images were of spaces jammed with objects, such as an overfull garage. That was strange. Previous research has found that the experience of stretched time increases with size; for instance, if people are flashed images of different numbers for equal lengths of time, they think the higher numbers are shown for longer. But the jammed scenes seemed to contradict that trend. To see if something else was at play, the researchers ran another experiment using pictures that differed in memorability. Humans better remembered pictures focused on people, actions and centrally placed objects. Dr. Wiener’s team used images from a 60,000-image data set, where each image had been judged on its memorability (a man with flowers in his beard: memorable). The more memorable the image, the more it seemed to stretch time. Exactly how processing speed leads to different time perception (理解) is still unclear, but the researchers believe the connection lies in how the brain prioritises incoming information. 12．What has a great effect on people’s sense of time? A．Time’s speeding up. B．Time’s slowing down. C．Incoming information. D．Memorability of the images. 13．When you look at a (n) ______, it seems more time has passed. A．filled stadium B．overfull garage C．empty warehouse D．tree in the corner 14．From which is the text probably taken? A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure. C．A health magazine. D．A biology textbook. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．How time flies with different images. B．The experience of time increases with size. C．Memorable images make time pass more slowly. D．Processing speed leads to different time perception. 广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 一、阅读理解 A Our school is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering. The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service. Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers at school. Volunteering, which has the potential to create positive social impact, is key to school. The Board will ensure that students’ needs are at the core of the service so that all King’s students can make a difference. This year, the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering’s topics include: ● Volunteering opportunities for the disabled.  ● Promotion of the Board’s service.  ● How to recognize and reward volunteers.  ● Comment on the Board’s work. This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at school, no matter how much or how little you have volunteered. The Board will be run both online and in-person, and board members will be paid the London Living Wage (£11.95 per hour) via King’s TalentBank. The application deadline is 23:59 on Friday, 31st March 2023. Apply via the form below, using your school email address. 1．What does the Board aim to do for those at school? A．Perform voluntary work. B．Discover volunteering chances. C．Provide learning opportunities. D．Meet their academic needs. 2．Which of the following is a possible topic for this year’s arrangement? A．Comment on the Board’s performance. B．Training voluntary workers. C．Running the Board online. D．Taking care of people with disabilities. 3．Who can apply to be a member of the Board at King’s? A．The teachers. B．The students. C．The graduates. D．The working staff. B My Biggest Challenge As a writer on an adventure sports magazine, I’d always fought shy of doing the adventurous stuff myself, preferring instead to observe the experts from a safe distance and relay their experiences to readers in the form of written language. Thus, when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of raising money for charity — and to write about it afterwards — I was unwilling, to say the least. I was lucky enough to have a brilliant climbing coach called Keith, who put me through my paces after my daily work. He gave me knowledge about everything from the importance of building muscle groups to how to avoid tiredness through nutrition. It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex than I had imagined. There was the equipment and techniques I’d never even heard of, all of which would come in handy on the snow-capped peak I’d be climbing. Aware of the challenge, Keith made a detailed action plan and I forced myself to stick to it, doing a daily workout at the gym and going on hikes with a heavy pack. I perfected my technique on the climbing wall and even went to climb the mountains to get vital experience. My self-belief increased alongside my muscle power and I became confident about finishing the climb. All too soon I was on a plane to my destination. On that day, when I looked up at the mountain, I thought of abandoning it. But then I remembered all the hard work I’d done and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up at the last minute-not to mention letting down the charity and the sense of failure I’d experience myself. With a deep breath I gathered my equipment and headed out into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group. And as I sit here now, tapping away on my laptop, I’m amazed at the details in which I can recall every second of the climb: the burning muscles, the tiredness, the minor problems along the way. Could I have been better prepared? Possibly. Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not. The feeling of being excited when I stood on top of the world is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless. 4．At the beginning of the activity, the author revealed his ______. A．disappointment in the coming adventure. B．expectation of writing about his experience. C．lack of enthusiasm for the challenge he’d been offered. D．curiosity about taking part in the mountain climb for charity. 5．What did the author realise during his climb training? A．The knowledge about climbing was really confusing. B．The equipment was the key factor to reach the peak. C．Climbing was much more complicated than expected. D．Hard training was far more important than making plans. 6．How did the author feel after he succeeded in climbing the mountain? A．He was relieved that he wouldn’t have to do it again. B．He was well satisfied that he had done his best for it. C．He was surprised that he had managed to complete it. D．He was regretful that it wasn’t as smooth as imagined. C According to new studies, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious, but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change. But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large­brained birds having much less significant changes. For the study, researchers studied some data on about 70,000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on brain volume and lifespan (寿命) for 49 of the 52 species of migratory birds (候鸟) in the original study. They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one­third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds, the species with big brains are the ones that build tools, manage to survive in tough environments, live longer, invest more time and energy into raising babies, and end up surviving better in the wild. Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to decreasing body size in birds, but they are considering two possible explanations, which could even be happening at the same time. First, natural selection might be favoring birds that can dissipate heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher ratios (比例) of surface area to volume, so being small can help birds stay cool. Second, warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case, birds might be getting smaller because of decreased food over the years. The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger­brained birds, but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities. 7．How does climate change affect birds? A．Their body size shrinks. B．Their lifespan shortens. C．Their body temperature rises. D．Their brain size expands. 8．How did the scientists do the research? A．By analyzing the bird data. B．By observing the birds dying. C．By studying the bird death rate. D．By clarifying the bird species. 9．Which word can best replace the underlined word “dissipate” in paragraph 5? A．use B．hold C．absorb D．lose 10．What can be the best title for the text? A．Birds’ Body Sizes Vary B．Brain Size Matters for Birds C．Climate changes Sharply D．Temperature Rises Globally 广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 一、阅读理解 A In contrast to rushing past overcrowded tourist landmarks, the new trend of city walk has emerged as a popular alternative to exploring bustling markets, ancient streets, and charming alleys at a leisurely pace. Here are some good recommendations for city walk in China. Shanghai Shanghai has undertaken extensive renovations (修复) in many historic and cultural neighborhoods. For instance, the Wukang Building, which was built in 1924, underwent two conservation renovations in 2009 and 2019. In 2020, it also underwent a “micro-update”. Guangzhou Yongqingfang, a historical complex in Guangzhou, is situated on Enning Road and is considered the core area of old Guangzhou, as well as the city’s most beautiful arcade. Starting in 2009, a series of micro-transformations began in Yongqingfang and have continued to the present day. Today, the revitalized Yongqingfang has emerged as a new cultural landmark, where traditional and modern cultures mix harmoniously in the old city. Fuzhou Currently, Fuzhou has a total length of 131 kilometers of mountain trails, connecting with 501.7 kilometers of waterfront greenways and over 200 traditional streets and alleys. The Fuzhou urban forest trail, which winds through numerous parks, facilitates a close connection between mountains, water, people, and the city. Nanjing You can experience history and modernity in Nanjing. Walk and taste from Pingshi Street to Shengzhou Road, get a roast duck takeout and two liang (100 grams) of beef potstickers before you sit down for a bowl of soup noodles topped with pork rinds and ribs. Treat yourself to some rich traditional foods. 1．How many times has the Wukang Building been renovated in the past 20 years? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 2．Which city suits a nature lover according to the text? A．Shanghai. B．Guangzhou. C．Fuzhòu. D．Nanjing. 3．What do Guangzhou and Nanjing have in common? A．They have a history of renovations. B．They have many world-famous buildings. C．They offer waterfront greenways for tourists. D．They combine traditional and modern cultures. B Candace Leslie Cima is a 75-year-old fashion and lifestyle influencer working to change the attitudes regarding aging for both her generation and the ones following hers. Candace’s video, sharing a comment on her style that says “You’re 60. You shouldn’t wear that”, got 7.4 million views on social media. She is answering comments about her sleeveless shirt style choices with “I am 75, actually.” In her mind, there is no stigma attached to being aging. “I remember being on the checkout line at a supermarket and looking at the headlines on those magazines. They would always have headlines like How to look your best at 20, 30, and40. Never did they mention 50, 60, and 70,” she recalls in a video. In addition to her videos, Candace also has a blog where she speaks at length about aging and fashion. Candace explains that she wears a lot of sleeveless tops, and there is always someone who writes to her that women over 60 should not bare their arms. She has a whole article on her blog devoted to this sleeveless shirt style element, which is called Woman’s Right to Bare Arms. “So... you have some loose skin on your arms or some veins on your legs or age spots on your hand... Why is that a bad thing?” She makes a point, saying that it is we who decide whether it is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging process and let others make us feel less than we are. After all, everyone ages, so we all as a society should normalize these changes and learn to see them positively. For her, age is not just a number. It’s a badge of honor to wear proudly. “The only way to change that view is that we, as older women, show them that aging is a gift, something to be embraced, valued and shared,” she writes. 4．What does the underlined word “stigma” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Trouble. B．Worry. C．Shame. D．Difficulty. 5．How does Candace respond to comments about her age? A．She uses the opportunity to promote positive aging. B．She ignores them and does not address them publicly. C．She gets upset and defends herself in an aggressive manner. D．She avoids wearing clothes that might draw attention to her age. 6．Which words can best describe Candace? A．Caring and generous. B．Concerned and helpful. C．Confident and brave. D．Strange and fashionable. 7．What message does Candace want to convey? A．Aging should be feared and hidden. B．Aging is a natural process to be celebrated. C．Fashion trends are more important than personal style. D．Age should define a person’s lifestyle and appearance. C The summer of 2023 was the hottest ever recorded on Earth. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels are the main causes behind climate change, and scientists say they must be controlled. But there’s another greenhouse gas to deal with: methane. Tackling it may be the best bet for putting the brakes on rising temperatures in the short term. That’s because it’s relatively short-lived in the atmosphere—methane lasts about 12 years, while CO2 can stick around for hundreds of years. We already have strategies for cutting methane emissions—fixing natural gas leaks (methane is the main component of natural gas), removing coal gradually (mining operations release methane), eating less meat and dairy products (cows burp lots of methane) and electrifying transportation and appliances. Implementing all existing strategies could slow global warming by 30 percent over the next decade, research has shown. But some climate scientists, including Jackson, say we need to go further. Scientists want to develop ways to remove methane directly from the air. Most ideas are still in early research stages. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is currently studying these potential technologies, their state of readiness and possible risks, and what further research and funding are needed. Some of the approaches include re-engineering bacteria that are already good at eating methane and developing reactors in methane-rich places to chemically transform the gas. “Methane is a sprint (短跑) and CO2 is a marathon,” says Desirée Plata, a civil and environmental engineer at MIT. “While methane emissions are a significant contributor to climate change, carbon dioxide emissions remain the primary driver. Therefore, we must continue to pursue strategies to reduce CO2 emissions while also targeting methane reduction.” For scientists focused on removing greenhouse gases, it’s off to the races. 8．What is the best way to stop rising temperatures in the short term? A．Quitting burning fossil fuels. B．Dealing with methane emissions. C．Improving current research methods. D．Controlling carbon dioxide emissions. 9．What is the possible result of carrying out existing strategies? A．Reducing the rate of global warming. B．Fixing natural gas leaks. C．Trapping methane in the atmosphere. D．Increasing the use of energy. 10．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．The approaches are not fully developed. B．The current research progress is sufficient. C．Some approaches have been applied widely. D．Methane emissions can be removed completely. 11．What is Desirée Plata’s attitude towards the idea of removing methane? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. D Advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled authentic-sounding speech synthesis (语音合成) to the point that a person can no longer distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a deepfake (深度伪造). If a person’s own voice is “cloned” by a third party without their agreement, bad guys can use it to send any message they want. Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. This tool turns the tables on cybercriminals (网络罪犯) by using similar voice cloning techniques they employ, but for voice protection. The software complicates voice data extraction and feature identification crucial for voice synthesis. “We’re using an opposite AI technique originally used by cybercriminals, but now we’re using it against them,” Zhang explained. “We slightly change the recorded audio, just enough to make it unusable for voice clone training while still sounding natural to humans.” Ben Zhao, a professor of computer science at University of Chicago, says that the software, like all digital security systems, will never provide complete protection. But, he adds that it can raise the bar and limit the attack to a smaller group of individuals with significant resources. AntiFake can already protect shorter voice recordings against cloning. The creators of the tool believe that it could be extended to protect larger audio documents or music from misuse. But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. 12．What is the primary purpose of AntiFake? A．To improve the quality of synthetic speech. B．To clone voices without the owner’s approval. C．To detect deepfakes after they have been created. D．To stop unapproved speech generation from happening. 13．How does AntiFake differ from these traditional methods? A．It prevents audio deepfakes in advance. B．It cannot detect deepfakes until created. C．It only works on short voice recordings. D．It relies on human listeners to identify deepfakes. 14．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Developers should focus on short voice recordings. B．The battle against deepfakes requires ongoing efforts. C．AntiFake is ineffective against advanced cloning techniques. D．AntiFake provides permanent solutions to the deepfake threat. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．The Future of Voice Technology. B．A Method for Detecting AI Deepfakes. C．The Challenge of Telling Human Voices. D．A Tool to Keep AI from Stealing Your Voice. 广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 一、阅读理解 A In the 40 years after Edmund Hilary and Tenzing Norgay first reached the top of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛) in 1953, an average of 12 people a year followed in their footsteps. In 2023, more than 1,200 people attempted the climb. High-tech equipment and better understanding of the physical impact of high altitudes (海拔) have brought new hopefuls to Everest. But Will Cockrell, in his new book Everest. Inc, argues that the primary reason is the establishment of a professional guiding industry. The guiding industry exists mainly because of Dick Bas. Bas, who made a fortune in oil, bought his way onto three different Everest expeditions (探险) and, in 1985, aged 55, he became both the oldest and least experienced climber to reach the top. The sight of an ordinary person on top of the world generated the establishment of companies to meet the new demand for tours. The early years of guided expeditions in the 1990s were successful. In 1992-95, around 150 people paid to be led up the mountain, and a third succeeded. During a 1995 expedition, a storm struck. The guides, eager for their clients to reach the top, delayed turning them around. Three guides and two climbers died. One of the climbers, Jon Krakauer, criticized the judgment of the guides and the selfishness of inexperienced climbers in his book Into Thin Air. Many businesses assumed that the book would destroy them. However, interest in Everest skyrocketed. In 2014, 16 guides were buried by falling ice while transporting clients’ equipment. Then, in 2015, an avalanche (雪崩) killed ten guides and nine clients. As a result, many Western companies lost their enthusiasm for Everest. Everest, Inc ends on a confusing note. More people are reaching the top, but more are dying on the way, too: 18 people died in 2023, the highest-ever number. “Experts know more than ever about how to guide clients to climb safely. But that does not make it a safe place,” said Cockrell. 1．What contributes to the rising popularity of Everest climbing according to Cockrell? A．The appearance of group tourism. B．The understanding of the mountain. C．The study on human physical abilities. D．The development of the guiding industry. 2．What do we know about Dick Bass’s success in reaching the top of Everest? A．It enabled him to make a fortune. B．It boosted demand for guided tours. C．It proved the limits of the human body. D．It marked the start of nature expeditions. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning guided expeditions? A．The initial success. B．The public criticism. C．The climbing accidents. D．The physical challenges. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Everest, Inc: A Guide to Everest Expedition B．Reaching the Top: Opportunities and Challenges C．Ups and Downs: The Story of Expedition Pioneers D．Climbing Everest: Increasing Popularity and Deaths B Feeling burned out and looking for reasons to work less? A new study shows that working nights and volatile (不稳定的) schedules in young adulthood can leave you to suffer from depression and poor health in middle age. The research examined the work schedules and sleep patterns of more than 7,000 Americans over three decades, from the ages of 22 through 50. To the surprise of the study’s author, New York University professor Wen-Jui Han, only one-quarter of the participants worked traditional daytime hours. The remainder worked variable hours. Those with volatile work schedules reported a greater likelihood of poor health and depression at age 50 than those with more stable schedules. “Our work now is making us sick and poor,” Han said in an interview. “Work is supposed to allow us to acquire resources. But, for a lot of people, their work doesn’t allow them to do so. They actually become more and more miserable (悲惨的) over time.” Dr. Alyson Myers, a professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, appreciated the new study’s focus on the connection between work schedules, sleep and poor health. The study findings confirmed what she sees in many of her diabetes (糖尿病) patients, who often get no more than five hours of sleep after they work night shifts. Many of the participants in Hans’ study who had volatile work schedules tended to have part-time jobs, in some cases multiple part-time jobs. “Unfortunately,” Myers said, “the trend for a lot of these people is that they have to work more than one job to survive.” Han would like her research to promote conversations about ways of providing resources to help people live a happy and healthy life when they’re dog-tired both physically and emotionally because of their work. 5．What does Han’s study mainly tell us? A．The significance of a healthy lifestyle. B．The rising trend of working variable hours. C．The long-term effects of unstable work schedules. D．Some practical approaches to dealing with depression. 6．What is Myers’s attitude to people with volatile work schedules? A．Understanding. B．Unconcerned. C．Doubtful. D．Critical. 7．What is Han’s expectation of her research? A．To provide resources for the poor. B．To help improve people’s well-being. C．To raise awareness of healthy lifestyles. D．To initiate dialogues between employees. C Animal-like robots are popular. And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things-plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a misconception (误解) about the usefulness of plant behavior: that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). “It’s not true at all,” she says. Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing. FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular patter, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. Depending on brightness and direction, it changes the heat that the plastic is exposed to — lower temperatures result in a lighter body that increases in size more quickly, while higher temperatures make it thicker and stronger and grow more slowly. The researchers found that these simple functionalities were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex and unseen environment, cross gaps and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it. They suppose that this makes it suitable for potential applications including environmental monitoring in hard-to-reach locations, or monitoring disaster sites where existing facilities is unstable. Dr. Mazzolai hopes that such projects will motivate other roboticists to draw inspiration from plants. The plant kingdom is a world, she says, with a completely different approach to the animal one. “And we can develop new technologies and artificial solutions, because it is so different.” 8．What leads to limited exploration of plant-like robots? A．The slow growth rate of plants. B．The lack of plant research capability. C．The misunderstanding of plant behavior. D．The difficulty of applying plant-like robots. 9．How does FiloBot grow? A．By pressing a motion sensor. B．By exposing itself to sunlight. C．By pushing out softened plastic. D．By controlling outside temperature. 10．What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out the value of robotics. B．To present a newly invented robot. C．To call for more research into robots. D．To correct a misconception about plants. 广东省肇庆市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Esmeralda This Portuguese ship sank off the coast of Oman in 1503. First discovered in 1998 and then extensively excavated（发掘） by a team led by David Mearns between 2013 and 2015, it is the oldest shipwreck（沉船） recovered from Europe's Age of Exploration. Black Sea Shipwreck Discovered in 2018 by a team from the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project, the ship sank more than 2,400 years ago. It is the oldest undamaged shipwreck ever found. "A ship in such good condition from the classical world, is something I would never have believed possible," said Professor Jon Adams, the principal investigator of the team that found the wreck. Gribshunden The flagship of John, King of Denmark, caught fire and sank in the Baltic Sea in 1495. There, it lay undiscovered until members of a local div e club came across it in the 1970s; unaware of its significance, they did not report it to archaeologists until 2000, and not until 2013 was the wreck's identity confirmed. Considered one of the best-preserved shipwrecks of the period, it has slowly been revealing its secrets. Black Swan In May 2007, a Florida-based company announced that, using underwater robots, it had discovered a shipwreck in the Atlantic, code-named （代号为） "Black Swan". However, the government of Spain claimed that the wreck was the Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes, a Spanish ship that sank off the coast of Portugal in 1804 following a battle with four British navy ships. After a long legal battle, the treasure was returned to Spain in 2012. 1. Which shipwreck is the latest discovery? A. Esmeralda. B. Black Sea Shipwreck. C. Gribshunden. D. Black Swan. 2. What do Black Sea Shipwreck and Gribshunden have in common? A. They were discovered in the same area. B. They were first noticed by local people. C. They were in good shape when discovered. D. They were in the possession of a royal family. 3. How did Spain get Black Swan returned? A. By going to the court. B. By contacting the Portugal government. C. By joining a battle against British navy. D. By offering another treasure as an exchange. B 15-year-old Jacob Grosberg walked the streets of down town on Saturday to try and help people dealing with health problems, especially mental issues. The Toronto teenager carried bags full of donated clothes and hygiene（卫生） products for people living on the streets or in shelters. Grosberg's father once suffered a lot from depression and mental illness. After his death, Grosberg decided he wanted to help others dealing with the same problem. His solution was the Conan Fund, so-called after his father's high school nickname for his strength and popularity. According to the fund's website, the money raised is donated to charities, hospitals and organizations to make a chance and improve resources. It didn't take long for people living in the shelter on Wellington Street in Liberty Village to come out to receive what Grosberg was offering. From bags of socks, to hats, gloves, jeans and winter jackets, the people were excited and appreciative of the generosity. Martuia Archibald, 30, had a huge smile on her face as she put on a winter jacket and turned up the collar. She didn't have a winter jacket until Grosberg arrived, and was touched by the gesture. "It means that there are people out there that still consider that I need warm clothing as well," she said. Grosberg's mother said her son's spirit and kindness motivated her. "He inspires me," she said. "He shows me the way to move forward after his father is gone. He shows me the way to turn something terrible into something really positive." That's exactly what Grosberg is trying to achieve. "I think that doing this is not only inspiring more changes in myself, but hopefully can inspire a lot of others to do the exact same thing I'm doing," Grosberg said. 4. What inspired Grosberg to set up the Conan Fund? A. His father's suffering. B. His mother's suggestion. C. The story of another teenager. D. The hope to cure mental illness. 5. What does the author want to show by mentioning Martuia Archibald? A. The change the Conan Fund brought to shelters. B. The most urgently needed supplies for the locals. C. The warmth needy people received from Grosberg. D. The greatest contribution Grosberg made to the world. 6. What can be inferred about Grosberg's mother? A. She is a very optimistic person. B. She considers her son an inspiration. C. She co-founded the Conan Fund. D. She is always ready to lend a helping hand. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Inspiring People Around Oneself B. Seeing the Positive Side of Everything C. Becoming a Teenager with Great Confidence D. Turning a Struggle into a Charitable Movement C Over the past few centuries, we have dug, burned, drilled, pumped, lit, launched, driven, and flown our way to adding 2.4 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide to Earth's atmosphere. That's as much CO₂ as would be given off annually by 522 billion cars, or 65 cars per person living today. On a lonely, lunar-like valley of Iceland, Edda Aradottir is on a mission to put CO₂ back where it came from. She's returning a tiny bit of it today but much, much more of it in the years ahead. In sending CO₂ deep beneath the surface of the planet, she's aiming to reverse one of the most challenging acts of human history: the dugging of massive amounts of carbon under the ground as fossil fuels. Aradottir shows how CO₂ caught from the air is mixed with water, then fed through a complicated and detailed system of pipes that course downward 2,500 feet or so. There, the dissolved（溶解的） carbon dioxide meets porous basalt, a type of dark rock that comes from volcanoes, creating cream-colored spots in the rock below. Scientists like Aradottir are working on ambitious—and sometimes controversial （有争议的）一projects to remove carbon dioxide from the air and lock it away. In Arizona, an engineering professor shows his "mechanical tree", a single one of which he says may someday be able to do the work of a thousand regular trees in catching and storing CO₂. In Australia, a leading oceanographer shows that seaweed is the answer, if only we'd help it grow in giant underwater gardens that could store billions of tons of carbon dioxide. Atop a university building in Zürich, an Uruguayan inventor presents a small bottle of fuel made from nothing but sunlight and air. That may be the most amazing of all the forms of carbon removal we've come across, as it suggests we may one day be able to make the best of carbon in a continuous cycle of zero-emission energy. Maybe. One day. 8.What purpose do the figures in paragraph 1 serve? A. To show the necessity of removing carbon dioxide. B. To inspire readers' interest in environmental protection. C. To highlight the amount of cars existing in the world today. D. To explain a commonly accepted reason for global warming. 9. The underlined word "reverse" in paragraph 2 can be replaced by "______". A. get B. advertise C. overturn D. discover 10. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. Aradottir's daily routine. B. Aradottir's field of study. C. The cost of Aradottir's project. D. The explanation of Aradottir's system. 1. What does the author think of the carbon removal projects? A. Educational. B. Expensive. C. Efficient. D. Promising. D According to a recent study, individuals born in the 1970s exhibited brain volumes（容量）that were 6.6% larger and brain surface areas nearly 15% greater than those of people born in the 1930s. "The decade someone is born appears to impact brain size and potentially long-term brain health," said Charles DeCarli, first author of the study. "Genetic （遗传） factors play a major role in determining brain size, but our findings indicate external influences—such as health, social, cultural, and educational factors—may also play a role." The researchers used brain MRIs （磁共振成像） from participants. The MRIs were conducted between 1999 and 2019 with participants born during the 1930s through the 1970s. The brain study consisted of 3,226 participants(53% female, 47%male) with an average age of about 57 at the time of the examination. The research compared the MRIs of people born in the 1930s to those born in the 1970s. It found gradual but consistent increases in several brain structures. For example, a measure that looked at brain volumes showed steady increases decade by decade. For participants born in the 1930s, the average volume was 1,234 milliliters, but for those in the 1970s, the volume was 1,321 milliliters, or about 6.6% greater volume. Around 7 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer's disease, a serious disease, especially affecting older people. That number is expected to rise to 11. 2 million by 2040. Although the numbers are rising with America's aging population, the percentage of :he population affected by the disease is decreasing. A previous study also found a 20 percent education in the cases of dementia（精神错乱） per decade. "Larger brain structures may reflect improved brain development and improved brain health," xeCarli said. "A larger brain structure represents a larger brain reserve and may reduce the ate-life effects of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease and related dementia." 12. What did the recent study mainly find? A. Human brains are getting larger. B. Humans become increasingly clever. C. Human brain volumes have increased 15% on average. D. Humans born in the 1970s are healthier than those in the 1930s. 13. What may Charles DeCarli agree with? A. Genetic factors impact long-term brain health. B. External factors also influence human brain size. C. The bigger the brain is, the healthier a person is. D. The decade someone is born shows the exact brain size. 14. How did the researchers get their final findings? A. By doing field trips. B. By exploring reasons. C. By making comparisons. D. By referring to similar studies. 15. What can the increased brain size probably lead to? A. Unpredictable brain structure changes. B. Less impact from age-related brain diseases. C. Development . of new brain-protecting drugs. D. Faster recovery for patients with brain diseases. 答案： 广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个夏季夏令营活动，描述了这些夏令营活动的特点和目标，旨在吸引家长和孩子们的兴趣，鼓励他们报名参加。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Evergreen Explorers部分中的“(Grades 2 -3)(二至三年级)”可知，“Evergreen Explorers”这个夏令营活动适合2-3年级的学生参加，因此一个三年级的学生可以加入这个活动。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章Greener Future部分中的“Empower your child to make a positive impact on the planet in our Greener Future camp session. Campers will discover how to reduce environmental impacts, explore renewable energy sources, and create sustainable solutions for their communities.(让您的孩子在我们的绿色未来夏令营中对地球产生积极的影响。营员们将发现如何减少对环境的影响，探索可再生能源，并为他们的社区创造可持续的解决方案)”可知，在“Greener Future”营会中，参与者将学习如何减少环境影响，探索可再生能源，并为他们的社区创造可持续的解决方案。这说明他们将学习如何帮助社区以可持续的方式发展。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Register for our sustainability camp! Don’t miss out on the opportunity for your child to become an eco-leader and make a difference for the planet!(报名参加我们的可持续发展营！不要错过让你的孩子成为生态领袖，为地球做出贡献的机会！)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了几个夏季夏令营活动，并强调了参加这些活动对于孩子们成为环保领导者和改变世界的重要性。这种宣传方式通常是为了吸引家长们的注意，鼓励他们为孩子报名参加这些有益的夏令营活动。因此，这篇广告的目标受众是家长们。故选D。 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者与一只名叫Squirrely的小狗之间的故事，展现了作者与小狗之间深厚的友谊以及最终面对小狗老去、病痛和离别的情感历程。 4．词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“My older brother laughed at her and said her tail was deformed. It didn’t wag its tail back and forth, instead, it went in a circle.(我哥哥嘲笑她，说她的尾巴变形了。它没有前后摇尾巴，而是绕着圈走。)”可知，这只狗的尾巴不是前后摇摆，而是转着圈摇，这是不寻常的，古怪的。因此，在这个上下文中，“squirrely”最恰当的意思是“奇怪的”。选项A“Strange (奇怪的)”；选项B“Cute (可爱的)”；选项C“Active (积极的)”；选项D“Energetic (精力充沛的)”。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When I got home, I was greeted with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was born that day.(当我回到家时，迎接我的是小狗的许多亲吻。一段特殊的友谊就在那天诞生了。)”可知，作者和小狗之间立即建立起了亲密的关系和喜爱之情，也就是作者和小狗从一开始就彼此喜欢。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“She was suffering so much and the medicine didn’t help. She could barely walk. I looked into those deep brown eyes and realized it was time to let her go.(她很痛苦，药也不起作用。她几乎不能走路。我看着那双深棕色的眼睛，意识到是时候让她走了。)”可知，作者看到小狗遭受了很多痛苦，药物也无法帮助，意识到该让小狗离开。因此，作者意识到是时候让她的宠物离开了是源于这只狗严重的疾病和痛苦。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这篇文章围绕着作者与她的狗Squirrely的关系展开，从他们相遇的那一刻到因为年老和疾病而不得不做出艰难决定的那一刻。文章详细描述了他们之间的特殊友谊，他们为彼此带来的快乐，以及最后告别的情感痛苦。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了讲述自己和狗之间的深厚友谊。故选C。 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在户外，特别是在绿色空间度过时间对健康和幸福感的积极影响。通过引用新的研究成果和具体的数据，研究表明仅仅在公园待上20分钟就能显著改善人的福祉，强调了绿色空间在提升身心健康方面的重要作用。 8．词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上一句“Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, is one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness.(花时间在户外，特别是在绿色空间，是改善你的健康和幸福的最快方法之一)”可推测，划线单词“it”代指的上文提到的“Spending time outdoors”。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now, a new study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research adds to the evidence and shows just how little time it takes to get the benefits of being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park—even if you don’t exercise while you’re there—is enough to improve well-being, according to the research.(现在，发表在《国际环境健康研究杂志》上的一项新研究进一步证明了这一点，并表明人们只需要很短的时间就能获得户外活动的好处。根据这项研究，在公园里呆上20分钟——即使你在公园里不运动——也足以改善你的幸福感)”可知，研究表明在公园里呆上20分钟足以改善你的幸福感。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For the study, researchers surveyed 94 adults who visited one of three urban parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long to stay. Each person also answered questions about their life satisfaction and mood—which were used to calculate a subjective well-being score, with a maximum value of 55—before and after their park visit.(在这项研究中，研究人员调查了94名成年人，他们在夏天和秋天参观了三个城市公园中的一个。研究人员给他们配备了健身追踪器来测量他们的身体活动，但不告诉他们在公园里做什么，也不告诉他们要待多久。每个人还回答了关于他们的生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题用于计算主观幸福感得分，最大值为55，在他们参观公园前后)”可知，每个参与者在访问公园前后都回答了关于生活满意度和情绪的问题，这些问题被用来计算主观幸福感得分。因此，我们可以得知参与者的情绪是通过他们回答的问题来计算的。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The medical community is increasingly viewing green space as a place for their patients to gain physical and mental health benefits. Some physicians, like Dr. Robert Zarr, are even writing prescriptions (处方) for it.(医学界越来越多地将绿地视为患者获得身心健康益处的地方。一些医生，如Robert Zarr博士，甚至为它开处方)”可知，Dr. Robert Zarr支持户外活动，并认为它对患者有益，因此他会开具处方鼓励患者去户外。故选B。 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明人们对时间流逝速度的感觉会受到眼前图像的可记忆性的影响。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to a research, people’s sense of how fast time passes can be influenced by the memorability of the images in front of them.(根据一项研究，人们对时间流逝速度的感觉会受到眼前图像的可记忆性的影响。)”可知，图像的记忆性对人们的时间感有很大的影响。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Their responses showed that, when the images featured large scenes, such as an empty warehouse, more time seemed to have passed.(他们的反应表明，当图像中出现大场景时，比如一个空仓库，时间似乎过去了更多。)”可知，当图像展示的是大场景，比如一个空的仓库时，似乎有更多的时间过去了。因此，当你看着一个空的仓库时，会感觉时间流逝得更快，即更多的时间已经过去了。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A team led by Martin Wiener, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at George Mason University in America, tested how visual stimuli change people’s experience of time. (美国乔治梅森大学的认知神经科学家Martin Wiener领导的研究小组测试了视觉刺激如何改变人们对时间的体验。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了关于时间感知与视觉刺激之间关系的研究，特别是强调了图像的记忆性如何影响人们对时间流逝的感知。文章引用了实验数据和结果来解释和证明这一观点，这种内容通常出现在研究论文中。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Time speeds up when you are having fun. But it slows down, it turns out, when one looks at something worth remembering.(当你玩得开心时，时间过得飞快。但事实证明，当一个人看到值得记住的东西时，时间会减慢。)”以及倒数第二段“The more memorable the image, the more it seemed to stretch time.(图像越令人难忘，它似乎越能延长时间。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明图像越令人难忘，时间就似乎过得越慢。故选C。 广东省梅州市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 1．B 2．A 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院志愿服务给学生，老师和其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers at school.(其目的是为学校的学生、教师寻找志愿服务机会)”可知，委员会的目标是给学生、老师提供做志愿者的机会。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四个黑点后面的内容“Comment on the Board’s work.(对委员会工作的评价)”可知，“对委员会的工作进行评估”可能是今年议程的话题之一。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at school, no matter how much or how little you have volunteered.(这是一个独特而令人兴奋的机会，向所有在国王学院学习的人开放，不管你自愿参加的次数有多少)”可知，国王学院的学生们可以申请成为国王学院董事会成员。故选B。 4．C 5．C 6．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，内心很不情愿。在经过训练后，作者成功爬上了山顶，作者很兴奋，但依然庆幸自己以后再也不用爬山了。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thus, when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of raising money for charity — and to write about it afterwards — I was unwilling, to say the least. (因此，当我被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，并在活动结束后将其写下来时，至少可以说，我是不愿意的)”可知，在活动一开始，作者就表现出了对所接受的挑战缺乏热情。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex than I had imagined. (很快我就发现攀岩的技巧比我想象的要复杂得多)”可知，在他的攀岩训练中，作者意识到攀岩比预想的要复杂得多。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not. The feeling of being excited when I stood on top of the world is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless. (我会再来一次吗？值得庆幸的是没有。当我站在世界之巅时那种兴奋的感觉是一种永远不会重复的经历，但我将永远享受这种感觉)”可知，成功地爬上了那座山后，作者很欣慰他不用再这样做了。故选A。 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述根据新的研究，随着气温升高，亚马逊雨林中的许多鸟类体型变小了，但是体型的缩小并不是全面发生的，一些脑容量较大的鸟类的变化要小得多。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to new studies, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased.(根据新的研究，随着气温升高，亚马逊雨林中的许多鸟类体型变小了)”可知，气候变化使鸟的体型缩小了。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据第三段的“For the study, researchers studied some data on about 70,000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016.(在这项研究中，研究人员研究了1978年至2016年期间芝加哥约7万只鸟类撞楼死亡的数据)”可知，科学家们是通过分析有关鸟类的数据来做这项研究的，故选A项。 9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后一句“This is because smaller birds have higher ratios (比例) of surface area to volume, so being small can help birds stay cool.(这是因为较小的鸟类表面积与体积的比例更高，所以体型小可以帮助鸟类保持凉爽)”可知，保持凉爽就是可以更好地散热，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是“自然选择可能偏爱那些能够更好地散热的鸟类”，dissipate意思是“使……消散”，和lose意思相近，故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“According to new studies, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased.(根据新的研究，随着气温升高，亚马逊雨林中的许多鸟类体型变小了)”和第二段“But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large-brained birds having much less significant changes.(但新的研究发现，体型的缩小并不是全面发生的，一些脑容量较大的鸟类的变化要小得多)”可知，本文主要讲的是根据新的研究，随着气温升高，亚马逊雨林中的许多鸟类体型变小了，但是体型的缩小并不是全面发生的，一些脑容量较大的鸟类的变化要小得多，因此B项“Brain Size Matters for Birds(鸟类的大脑大小很重要)”适合作为文章标题，故选B项。 广东省清远市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章推荐了中国适合旅行漫步的几个城市，分别举例详细介绍了上海、广州、福州以及南京。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Shanghai”下文介绍中“For instance, the Wukang Building, which was built in 1924, underwent two conservation renovations in 2009 and 2019. In 2020, it also underwent a “micro-update”. (例如，建于1924年的武康大楼在2009年和2019年进行了两次保护修缮。2020年，它也经历了一次“微更新”。)”可知，武康大楼在过去20年里进行了三次修复。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Fuzhou”下文介绍中“Currently, Fuzhou has a total length of 131 kilometers of mountain trails, connecting with 501.7 kilometers of waterfront greenways and over 200 traditional streets and alleys. The Fuzhou urban forest trail, which winds through numerous parks, facilitates a close connection between mountains, water, people, and the city. (目前，福州拥有全长131公里的山间步道，连接着501.7公里的滨水绿道和200多条传统街巷。福州城市森林步道蜿蜒穿过众多公园，将山、水、人、城市紧密联系在一起。)”可知，福州拥有全长131公里的山间步道，连接着501.7公里的滨水绿道，森林步道蜿蜒穿过众多公园，将山、水、人、城市紧密联系在一起，由此可知；福州适合热爱大自然的人。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章“Guangzhou”下文介绍中“Today, the revitalized Yongqingfang has emerged as a new cultural landmark, where traditional and modern cultures mix harmoniously in the old city. (如今，重新焕发活力的永清坊已成为一个新的文化地标，传统与现代文化在老城和谐融合。)”以及“Nanjing”下文介绍中“You can experience history and modernity in Nanjing. (你可以在南京体验历史和现代。)”可知，广州与南京的共同之处是将传统文化与现代文化结合在一起。故选D。 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了Candace Leslie Cima是一位76岁的时尚和生活方式影响者，她通过社交媒体“我70多岁的生活”来改变她这一代人和她的后代对衰老的态度。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Candace’s video, sharing a comment on her style that says “You’re 60. You shouldn’t wear that”, got 7.4 million views on social media. She is answering comments about her sleeveless shirt style choices with “I am 75, actually.”(坎迪斯的视频，分享了对她风格的评论，说：‘你60岁了。你不应该穿这个’，在社交媒体上获得了740万的点击量。她在回答有关她的无袖衬衫款式选择的评论时说：‘实际上我75岁了。’)”以及划线词后文“attached to being aging”可知，网友给她的评论说她年纪大了，不该那么穿，她大方地说自己75岁了，说明她不认为变老是一种不能言说的耻辱。故划线词意思是“耻辱”，与shame意思一致，故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“She has a whole article on her blog devoted to this sleeveless shirt style element, which is called Woman’s Right to Bare Arms.(她的博客上有一篇文章专门讨论这种无袖衬衫的风格元素，叫做“女人裸露手臂的权利”)”以及第四段“She makes a point, saying that it is we who decide whether it is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging process and let others make us feel less than we are.(她提出了一个观点，说这是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的)”可知，对于她年龄的评论，坎迪斯利用这个机会来推广积极的老龄化。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Candace explains that she wears a lot of sleeveless tops, and there is always someone who writes to her that women over 60 should not bare their arms. She has a whole article on her blog devoted to this sleeveless shirt style element, which is called Woman’s Right to Bare Arms.(坎迪斯解释说，她经常穿无袖上衣，总有人写信给她，说60岁以上的女人不应该露胳膊。她的博客上有一篇文章专门讨论这种无袖衬衫的风格元素，叫做《女人裸露手臂的权利》)”以及第四段““So... you have some loose skin on your arms or some veins on your legs or age spots on your hand... Why is that a bad thing?” She makes a point, saying that it is we who decide whether it is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging process and let others make us feel less than we are.(‘所以……你的手臂上有松弛的皮肤，腿上有静脉，手上有老年斑……为什么这是件坏事呢？’她提出了一个观点，说这是否是一件坏事，我们是否为自己的自然衰老过程感到羞耻，让别人让我们觉得自己不如自己，是我们自己决定的)”可知，坎迪斯自信回答网友的评价，勇敢提出自己的观点，说明了她自信和勇敢。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For her, age is not just a number. It’s a badge of honor to wear proudly. “The only way to change that view is that we, as older women, show them that aging is a gift, something to be embraced, valued and shared,” she writes.(对她来说，年龄不仅仅是一个数字。这是一种值得骄傲地佩戴的荣誉徽章。她写道:“改变这种观点的唯一方法是，作为老年女性，我们要告诉他们，衰老是一种礼物，是一种值得接受、珍惜和分享的东西。”)”可知，坎迪斯想表达衰老是一个值得庆祝的自然过程。故选B。 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出处理甲烷排放是短期内阻止气温上升的最佳方法，介绍了一些减少甲烷排放的策略，并探讨了直接去除甲烷的新技术。最后，文章强调了减少二氧化碳排放的重要性，呼吁同时减少两种温室气体。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But there’s another greenhouse gas to deal with: methane. Tackling it may be the best bet for putting the brakes on rising temperatures in the short term. (但还有另一种温室气体需要处理：甲烷。解决这一问题可能是短期内遏制气温上升的最佳办法。)”可知，处理甲烷排放是短期内阻止气温上升的最佳方法。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Implementing all existing strategies could slow global warming by 30 percent over the next decade, research has shown. (研究表明，实施所有现有的策略可以在未来十年内将全球变暖速度减缓30%。)”可知，实施现有策略的可能结果是减缓全球变暖的速度。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Most ideas are still in early research stages. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is currently studying these potential technologies, their state of readiness and possible risks, and what further research and funding are needed. (大多数想法仍处于早期研究阶段。美国科学院、工程和医学目前正在研究这些潜在的技术，它们的准备就绪的状态和可能的风险，以及需要哪些进一步的研究和资助。)”可知，研究人员仍在研究这些可能的技术，研究涉及到很多方面。由此可知，这些方法没有完全开发出来。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Desirée Plata所说的话“Methane is a sprint (短跑) and CO2 is a marathon (甲烷是短跑，而二氧化碳是马拉松)”和“While methane emissions are a significant contributor to climate change, carbon dioxide emissions remain the primary driver. Therefore, we must continue to pursue strategies to reduce CO2 emissions while also targeting methane reduction. (虽然甲烷排放是气候变化的一个重要因素，但二氧化碳排放仍然是主要的驱动因素。因此，我们必须继续推行减少二氧化碳排放的战略，同时也要以减少甲烷为目标。)”可知，Desirée Plata区分了解决甲烷排放和二氧化碳排放的主次关系，前者为次，后者为主，但也强调在解决后者的同时做好前者的工作。由此可知，他对去除甲烷的想法持中立态度。故选C项。 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了一种名为AntiFake的新技术工具，该工具旨在通过预先阻止未经授权的语音合成来应对语音深度伪造的问题。文中详细阐述了该技术的工作原理、与传统方法的差异、以及在数字安全领域的应用前景和挑战，同时提及了持续改进的必要性，以对抗不断进化的网络犯罪手段。 12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake的主要目的是阻止未经授权的语音生成发生。故选D。 13．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (传统的深度伪造检测方法只有在损坏发生后才有效。然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake与传统方法的不同之处在于它能提前防止音频深度伪造。故选A。 14．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. (但是，开发的方法和工具必须不断适应，因为网络犯罪分子将与他们一起学习和成长。)”可知，对抗深度伪造的斗争需要不断的努力，因为网络犯罪分子会随着技术的发展而学习和成长。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. (计算机科学家和工程师张宁开发了一种新方法，可以在未经授权的语音合成发生之前阻止它：一种名为AntiFake的工具。)”可知，文章主要介绍了新工具AntiFake，该工具能预防声音被未经授权地克隆用于深度伪造，旨在保护个人的声音不被盗用。故选D。 广东省佛山市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 1-4 DBAD 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着越来越多的人攀登珠穆朗玛峰，也有越来越多的人死于途中。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Will Cockrell, in his new book Everest. Inc, argues that the primary reason is the establishment of a professional guiding industry. (但是Will Cockrell在他的新书《珠穆朗玛峰公司》中认为其主要原因是专业向导行业的崛起。)”可知，Will Cockrell认为攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度上升的原因是专业向导行业的兴起。故选D。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The sight of an ordinary person on top of the world generated the establishment of companies to meet the new demand for tours. (一个普通人登上世界之巅的景象催生了公司的成立，以满足新的旅游需求。)”可知，Dick Bass成功登顶促进了导游旅行的需求。故选B。 【小题3】主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“The early years of guided expeditions in the 1990s were successful. (20世纪90年代早期的向导探险是成功的。)”以及下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了早期向导探险的成功。故选A。 【小题4】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“More people are reaching the top, but more are dying on the way, too(越来越多的人登上顶峰，但也有更多的人在途中死亡)”可知，本文主要讲述了攀登珠穆朗玛峰热度的兴起以及攀登途中造成的死亡事件，所以D项“攀登珠穆朗玛峰：人气上升和死亡人数增加”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 5-7 CAB 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，表明在年轻的时候上夜班和不稳定的时间表到中年时会患上抑郁症且健康状况不佳。 【小题5】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anew study shows that working nights and volatile(不稳定的)schedules in young adulthood can leave you to suffer from depression and poor health in middle age. (一项新的研究表明，在年轻的时候上夜班和不稳定的时间表会让你在中年时患上抑郁症且健康状况不佳。)”第二段中“Those with volatile work schedules reported a greater likelihood of poor health and depression at age 50 than those with more stable schedules. (那些工作时间不稳定的人在50岁时比那些工作时间稳定的人更有可能出现健康状况不佳和抑郁。)”可知，Han的研究主要告诉我们不稳定的工作时间表的长期影响。故选C项。 【小题6】推理判断题。根据第四段“Dr. Alyson Myers, a professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, appreciated the new study's focus on the connection between work schedules, sleep and poor health. The study findings confirmed what she sees in many of her diabetes(糖尿病)patients, who often get no more than five hours of sleep after they work night shifts. (Albert Einstein医学院教授Alyson Myers博士对这项新研究对工作安排、睡眠和健康状况不佳之间关系的关注表示赞赏。研究结果证实了她在许多糖尿病患者身上看到的情况，这些患者在上夜班后通常睡眠时间不超过五个小时。)”可知，Myers对那些工作时间不稳定的人是同情体谅的。故选A项。 【小题7】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Han would like her research to promote conversations about ways of providing resources to help people live a happy and healthy life when they're dog-tired both physically and emotionally because of their work. (Han希望她的研究能够促进有关提供资源的方式的讨论，以帮助人们在因工作而身心疲惫时过上幸福健康的生活。)”可知，Han希望她的研究能提供帮助人们过上幸福健康的生活。故选B项。 8-10 CCB 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们对于植物的误解，认为植物不能移动，不能感知外界，所以人们对于植物类机器人开发得很少。然而，意大利机器人学家芭芭拉马佐莱认为植物可以感知外界，并以此为思路发明了机器人FiloBot, 它可以在复杂的环境中移动，并监测周围环境，它的慢节奏移动也意味着它不会打扰周围的事物。 【小题8】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things—plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a misconception(误解)about the usefulness of plant behavior: that they are capable of neither motion nor perception(感知). (然而，意大利机器人专家芭芭拉. 马佐莱说，机器人领域对探索生物的另一个主要类别———植物——的兴趣要小得多。她把这种不情愿归结为对植物行为有用性的误解：它们既不能运动也不能感知。)”可知，是因为对植物行为的误解导致了人们不愿意去开发植物机器人。故选C。 【小题9】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding(挤压出)the plastic in a circular patter, it can 3D-printits own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. (FiloBot通过头部的传感器模仿爬树的行为，该传感器还配备了一层塑料和加热元件。通过将塑料软化并挤压成圆形，它可以以每分钟2到7毫米的速度3D打印自己的身体。)”可知，FiloBot通过塑料软化并挤压成为圆形，促进生长。故选C。 【小题10】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing. FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. (马佐莱博士和她的团队最近创造了一种基于攀缘植物的机器人FiloBot。就像真的一样。FiloBot能够生长，附着在支撑物上，并将自己包裹在支撑物周围，并根据外部刺激使自己适应环境。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项新发明的机器人。故选B。 广东省肇庆市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 A 篇 【语篇导读】主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四艘古代的沉船。 1. B 根据文章第二节中“Discovered in 2018 by a team from the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project, the ship sank more than 2,400 years ago.”可知答案。 2. C 根据文章第二节中“It is the oldest undamaged shipwreck ever found.‘A ship in such good condition from the classical world, is something I would never have believed possible.’”和第三节中“Considered one of the best-pre served shipwrecks of the period, it has slowly been revealing its secrets.”可知答案。 3. A 根据文章第四节中“After a long legal battle, the treasure was returned to Spaın in 2012.”可知答案。 B篇 【语篇导读】主题语境：人与社会、人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了15岁的 Jacob Grosberg投身慈善事业，帮助他人的故事。 4. A 根据文章第二段中“Grosberg's father once suffered a lot from depression and mental illness. After his death, Grosberg decided he wanted to help others dealing with the same problem.”可知答案。 5. C 根据文章第三段中“It didn't take long for people living in the shelter on Wellington Street in Liberty Village to come out to receive what Grosberg was offering.”可知答案。 6.B 根据文章倒数第二段内容可知，B项符合题意。 7. D 根据文章最后一段中“I think that doing this is not only inspiring more changes in myself, but hopefully can inspire a lot of others to do the exact same thing I'm doing.”并结合 Grosberg 的经历可知，他在经历了父亲因病去世后，将艰难化作帮助他人的力量。 C篇 【语篇导读】主题语境：人与自然。本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了处理大气中二氧化碳的几项研究和措施。 8. A 根据文章第一段中“That's as much CO₂ as would be given off annually by 522 billion cars, or 65 cars per person living today.”可知，人类向大自然排放了大量的二氧化碳，表明处理二氧化碳的必要性，所以 A项符合题意。 9. C 根据文章第二段中“In sending CO₂ deep beneath the surface of the planet”和“the digging of massive amounts of carbon under the ground as fossil fuels”可知，前后说的是相反的事情，C 项符合题意。 10. D 根据文章第三段中“shows how CO₂ caught from the air is mixed with water, then”和“There, the dissolved（溶解的） carbon dioxide meets porous basalt”可知答案。 11. D 根据文章最后一段中“as it suggests we may one day be able to make the best of carbon in a continuous cycle of zero-emission energy. Maybe. One day.”可知答案。 D篇 【语篇导读】主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现人类的大脑在逐渐变大。 12. A 根据文章第一段中“individuals born in the 1970s exhibited brain volumes（容量） that were 6.6%larger and brain surface areas nearly 15% greater than those of people born in the 1930s”可知答案。 13. B 根据文章第一段中“our findings indicate external influences—such as health, social, cultural, and educational factors—may also play a role”可知答案。 14. C 根据文章第三段中“For participants born in the 1930s, the average volume was 1,234milliliters, but for those born in the 1970s, the volume was 1,321 milliliters, or about 6.6%greater volume.”可知答案。 15. B 根据文章最后一段中“may reduce the late-life effects of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer s disease and related dementia”可知答案。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$