内容正文:
初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》
第二章
语篇中的常用关联词一连词
◆识导图◆
联合关系:and,both…and.等
转折关系:but,yet等
并列连词
选择关系:either…or…,or等
连词
因果关系:so,for等
引导名词性从句:that,f等
从属连词
引导状语从句:when,while,.because,if等
◆知识要领◆
2.表示转折关系的并列连词
一,连词慨述
表示转折关系的并列连词有:but(可是,但
用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的词叫连
是),while(而,然而),yet(可是),however(然
词。连词是一种虚词,在句中不重读,不能独立
而,但是),still(然而),whereas(而),
担任句子成分。
nevertheless(然而,不过)等。例如:
I am willing,yet unable.我心有余而力不
(一)并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)
足。
并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、
He is short,while his brother is tall.
从句或句子的连词。根据其意义,并列连词又
个子矮而他兄弟个子高。
可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果等四种关系
He worked hard.However,he failed.
的连词。
努力工作。然而他还是失败了。
1.表示联合关系的并列连词
The pain was bad;still he did not
表示联合关系的并列连词有:and(和),
complain.痛得厉害,可是他并不呻吟。
both…and…(既…又…),neither…nor
3.表示选择关系的并列连词
(既不…也不…),not only.but also…(不
表示选择关系的并列连词有:or(或),
但…而且…),as well as(除…之外,
either.…Or…(或者…或者…,不是…就
也…)等。例如:
是…),rather than(而不,也不)等。例如:
I am a teacher and he is a doctor,我是老
John or I am to blame.约翰或者我该受
师,他是医生。
责备。
He has experience as well as knowledge.
You can either stay at home or go fishing.
(=He has not only knowledge but also
你可以待在家里,或者去钓鱼。
experience.)他既有知识,又有经验。
He went rather than stay as an
Neither I nor he has seen the film.我设看
unwelcome guest.他走了,不愿待着做个不受
过那部电影,他也没看过。
欢迎的客人。
20
《第一部分语篇知识
4,表示因果关系的并列连词
Once you begin,you must go on.一旦你
(1)表示因果关系的并列连词有:s0(所
开了头,就应当继续下去
以),for(因为)等。例如:
When it rains,I go to school by bus.当下
It is morning,for the birds are singing.
雨时,我坐公共汽车上学。
是早晨了,因为鸟在鸣叫了。
(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词
It was late,so I went home.天已晚了,因
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:as(由
此我就回家了。
于),because(因为),since(既然)等。例如:
(2)then(那么,因此),therefore(因此,所
He didn't go to school because he was ill.
以)等副词常可放句首表示因果关系。例如:
他因为生病没去上学。
If you were there,then you must have
Since everybody is here,let's begin.既然
seen him.如果你在那儿,那么你一定见过他。
大家都在这里,我们开始吧。
He was busy,therefore he could not
(3)引导地点状语从句的从属连词
come.他忙,所以不能来。
引导地点状语从句的从属连词有:where
(在…的地方),wherever(无论在哪里)等。
(二)从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)
例如:
用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。
Wherever she may be,she will be happy.
从属连词可分为两类:引导名词性从句的从属
她无论在什么地方都快乐。
连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志
1,引导名词性从句的从属连词
者事竟成。
引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词
(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词
that,whether等,这些连接词在句中不充当任
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:「(如
何句子成分:连接代词主要有who,whom,
果),unless(除非),so/as long as(只要)等。
whose,which,what等,它们在句中可作主语、
例如:
宾语、定语等;连接副词主要有when,where,
He will not come unless he is invited.
how,why等,它们在句中可作状语(详见名词
非被邀请,否则他是不会来的。
性从句)。例如:
You'll be late for the class if you don't
We know (that)the earth goes round the
hurry..如果你不快点,你就会上课迟到。
sun.我们知道地球围绕太阳运转。(宾语从句)
(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词
What we need is more time.我们需要的
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:that(以
是更多的时间。(主语从句)
至于),so that(为了),in order that(为了),in
2.引导状语从句的从属连词
case(以防,免得)等。例如:
(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词
She took medicine on time in order that
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when
she might get well soon.为了能早日康复,她
(当…时),while(在…期间),as(当…
按时吃药。
时,一边…一边),after(在…之后),before
I came here that I might take a good look
(在…之前),since(自从…以来),till/until
at the new bridge.我来这儿,为的是我可以好
(直到,直到…才),once(一旦),as soon as
好看看新大桥。
(一…就…)等。例如:
初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》
(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词
更努力工作。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:$0(结
His elder sister is as tall as his mother.
果),so that(结果),so.that/such…that(如
姐姐和他母亲一样高。
此…以致),that(以致)等。例如:
二.篇章中的关联词
It was very cold,so that the water in the
连词和关联词总是高频率地出现在各类文
bowl froze.天气很冷,腕里的水都结冰了。
章、对话、电邮等英语实际沟通中。在英语文章
He is such a good student that we all like
的阅读理解中,连词和关联词都起着重要的作
him.他是个好学生,我们都喜欢他。
用,它可以帮助我们理清文章脉络,知晓前后词
(7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词
语大意,辨析句型等。因此,总结阅读篇章中所
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:though/
遇到的连词和关联词,并正确理解其含义,掌握
although(虽然),as(虽然),even if/even
其用法,会让我们在阅读理解中得到意想不到
though(即使),however(无论怎样),whatever
的效果。
(无论什么),whoever(无论谁),no matter
关联词能在阅读篇章中起到“起承转合”之
how /what/which./(无论多么/什么哪一
效。这样的关联词有哪些呢?让我们一起来看
个…)等。例如:
一看。
Even if you were here yesterday,you
couldn't help him.即使昨天你在这儿,你也帮
1,用于“起”的关联词语
这些关联词语通常出现在段落或文章的开
不了他。
头。例如:
Although I'd love to have dinner with you
tonight,.I already have plans..尽管我今晚很想
first,first of all,at first,in the first
和你共进晚餐,但我已经有安排了。
place,firstly,to begin with,to start with,
She seemed healthy,though (she is)
recently,now,
nowadays,at present,in
thin.她虽然瘦,但看起来很健康。
recent years,in general,generally speaking,
注:在同一个句子中,though/although与
lately等。
but,because与so不可同时使用.
2.用于“承”的关联词语
(8)引导方式状语从句的从属连词
这些关联词语通常用在段落中的第一个扩
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as(正
展句中。例如:
如),asif/as though(好像,似乎)等。例如:
second,similarly,in addition,besides.
He speaks English as if he were an
then,furthermore,moreover,what is more,
English man.他讲起英语来就像是英国人
what is worse,for example,for instance,
似的。
certainly,surely,obviously,in other words,
Use a book as a bee does a flower..像蜜蜂
especially,particularly,in particular,indeed.
利用花一样去利用书籍吧。
still,third,truly,in fact,at the same time,
(9)引导比较状语从句的从属连词
no doubt等。
引导比较状语从句的从属连词有:as
3.用于“转”的关联词语
(如…),as…as…(像…一样),nots0…
这些关联词语通常用在段落中的第二个扩
as…(与…不一样),than(比)等。例如:
展句中。例如:
He works harder than before.他比以前
but,however,on the other hand,in any
22
《第一部分语篇知识
case.otherwise,or,while,but.in spite of ...
3.(2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题)David,goto
yet,instead等。
bed early,
you will feel sleepy in
4.用于“合”的关联词语
class tomorrow.
这些关联词语通常用在段落的结论句或文
A.and
B.unless
章的结论段中。例如:
C.or
D.but
in a word,in general,in short,above all,
【答案解析】C此题考查连词辨析。句
after all,generally speaking.to sum up,
意:大卫,早点睡觉,否则明天上课你会犯困
finally,at last,therefore,as a result,above
的。and并且;unless除非;or不然,否则;
all,thus,after all等。
but但是。此处是“祈使句十and/or十陈述
句”的结构,结合空后可知,要早点睡觉,否则
例题评析
明天上课会犯困的。故选C。
1.(2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题)My
4.(2023·湖北恩施·中考真题)一Miss
hometown has changed a lot
the
Wang,what's the most important thing
subway was put into use.
we go travelling?
A.unless
B.since
-You should make a plan first.
C.if
D.when
A.while B.before C.after
【答案解析】B此题考查连词辨析。句
【答案解析】B此题考查连词辨析。句
意:自从地铁投入使用以来,我的家乡改变
意:一王小姐,旅行前最重要的事情是什
了很多。unless除非:since自从;if如果;
么?一你应该先制定一个计划。while
when当…时候。根据“My hometown has
当…时;before在…之前;after在…
changed a lot..the subway was put into
之后。根据“what's the most important
use.”可知从句是一般过去时,主句是现在完
thing…we go travelling”和“You should
成时,用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。
make a plan first..”可知,旅行前先制定计
2.(2023·江苏徐州·中考真题)Let's take the
划,故选B。
simple steps today
we will save
5.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Miss Xu goes
the
world
for
our
grandsons
and
jogging in Huanghe Park every morning
granddaughters tomorrow.
it rains.
A.unless
B.until
A.unless
B.till
C.so that
D.though
C.since
D.as
【答案解析】C此题考查连词辨析。句
【答案解析】A此题考查连词辨析。句
意:我们从今天开始采取一些措施吧,这样我
意:除非下雨,徐小姐每天早上都去黄河公园
们将会为我们的后代子孙拯救世界。unless
慢跑。unless除非:till直到…为止;since
除非:until直到:so that以便:though尽管。
自从:as因为。“it rains”是“徐小姐每天早
分析句子可知,我们现在采取行动是为了我
上都去黄河公园慢跑”的否定条件,用unless
们的后代,故用so that引导目的状语从句。
引导条件状语从句。故选A。
故选C。
23
初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》
课时训练
【基础练习】
一、填空题。依据句意,在横线上填出合适的关联词。
1.He studied
hard
he passed the exam.
2.I've had these soft toys
I was a child.
3.-It's a long story,but you can hardly find new words in it.
-Good!
it will be too hard for children.
4.
Tom comes next week,I will show him around our city.
5.Miss Wang is
patient with her students
they like her a lot.
6.I can
swim
skate.Will you please teach me?
7.Lucy failed in the mid-term exams
she didn't take her subjects seriously.
8.(2021·江苏南通·中考真题)You can't borrow books from the library without a membership
card.(改为复合句)
You can't borrow books from the library
you
have a membership card.
9.The doctors were
busy
have time to rest.
10.You don't need to take any cash()when shopping.You may pay by
Alipay(支
付宝)
WeChat(微信).
二、选择填空。从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1.(2023·北京·中考真题)It was difficult to climb the mountain,
Sam got to the top at
last.
A.or
B.so
C.for
D.but
2.(2023·新疆·中考真题)
the times keep changing,young people in China have shown
the same promise.
A.But
B.Unless
C.Although
D.As soon as
3.-What's the weather like in Kunming,Lucy?
-It's
hot
cold;So Kunming is called“the Spring City”,
A.neither;nor
B.not only;but also
C.either;or
D.both:and
4.(2021·上海·中考真题)We should look forward to the future,
never forget the
past.
A.or
B.so
C.but
D.for
5.-Chinese government sent two pandas.Ruyi and Dingding,to Russia several days ago.
-The relationship
China
Russia will be closer than before I think.
A.both;and
B.not only;but also
C.either;or
D.between:and
6.(2021·湖北黄石·中考真题)一1can't get on well with my family.
-Why not talk with them?You should communicate
things become worse.
24
《第一部分语篇知识
A.until
B.unless
C.after
D.before
7.(2o21·青海·中考真题)一Paul is badly hurt on the playground.Let's help him up.
-Don't move him
you know some first-aid knowledge.
A.unless
B.if
C.until
D.since
8.(2021·云南·中考真题)
he heard the little girl crying for help outside,he rushed out
of the room.
A.As soon as
B.Unless
C.If
D.Although
9.(2021·湖北十据·中考真题)-'m afraid I can't do well in the sports meeting.
-Don't worry.I will support you,
you don't succeed.
A.unless
B.if
C.so that
D.even if
l0.(2021·山东东营·中考真题)More and more children are interested in blind boxes
they wonder what is inside.
A.so
B.because
C.unless
D.though
【提升练习】
一、完成句子。依据汉语提示完成句子。
1.要么你要么我去超市买些水果。
you
I will go to the supermarket to buy some fruit.
2.尽管我学习不好,但我从未放弃过。
I didn't do well in my lessons.I
gave up.
3.吉姆明天要游览天安门广场和顾和园。
Jim will visit
Tian'anmen Square
the Summer Palace tomorrow.
4.刘强不仅对父母有礼貌,对他的邻居们也很有礼貌。
Liu Qiang is polite
to his parents
to his neighbours.
5.武汉如此美丽,以至于每年都有成千上万的人来参观。
Wuhan is
beautiful
thousands of tourists visit it every year.
二、选择填空。从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
L.(2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题)“Post-2000s”(00后)have begun to amaze the world
they are very young.
A.though
B.if
C.unless
D.before
2.People invented Chinese chess in memory of the battle
Liu Bang
Xiang Yu.
A.neither:nor B.either;or
C.both;and
D.between;and
3.-Do you think David and Lisa can be good accountants?
-Accountants should be careful enough.
David
Lisa is suitable,I'm afraid.
A.Either;or
B.Neither;nor
C.Both:and
D.Not only;but also
4.(2o23·江苏泰州·中考真题)The news Besides A and B,C appears beautifully in the sky
makes us excited
“C”isC9l9 from China,with many Jiangsu elements(元素).
A.though
B.so
C.because
D.then
25
初中学业水平考试总复习·英语川
5.-What's the secret of success,Dr.Know?
More time and effort.
you'll make it some day.
A.yet
B.or
C.and
D.but
二、短文填空。仔细阅读下面短文,然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结
构、句义和逻辑上正确。
for example and since because for when so that but as although
Gretel loves the underground in London.She always prefers to travel on the underground
1 it's very fast.She doesn't find it difficult now,2 she's got used to it.Gretel knows the
underground map very well 3 she knows each line has its own colour.4 the Central Line
is red;the Piccadilly Line is blue,and so on.Londoners always refer to the underground as "the
tube".5 you see the long tunnels,it isn't hard to understand why.Yesterday Gretel went
home on the underground at about five o'clock in the afternoon.She got a surprise.6
everyone was going home from work,the trains were full.This was the "rush hour"-7 it
was a new experience for Gretel.8 trains arrived every minute,there were still a lot of
people.Everyone waited patiently and didn't push.9 her train was full,Gretel had to stand,
10 she didn't mind.In the train she saw a notice which said:"Avoid the Rush Hour".I will,
next time,Gretel thought!
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
10.
261第二章语篇中的常用关联词一连词
10.either,or解析:本题考查并列连词的运
【基础练习】
:用,句意:你购物时不需要带现金。您可以通过支
一、填空题。
付宝或微信支付。结合语境及常识可知,此处指的
1.so:that解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句:是可以用支付宝或微信支付,应用either…or…(或
意:他学习太努力了,从而通过了考试。由于题千中!者…或者…)连接。故填either和or
hnrd为副词,“so十adj.十that从句”意为“如此…
二、选择填空。
以至于”符合题意。故填s0和that。
1,D解析:本题考查从属连词辨析。句意:爬
2.since解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句意:!山很国难,但是Sam最终还是到达了山项。or或
自从我是个孩子开始,我就桐有这些毛绒玩具了,:者,否则:s0因此:for因为:but但是。根据空前“It
since意为“自从”,引导的时间状语从句中用一般过:was difficult to climb the mountain”和空格后“Sam
去时,主语“I”应与be动词was连用,故填since。got to the top at last'”可知前后分句为转折关系,应
3.Or解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句:用表示转折关系的连词but来连接。故选D
意:一这是个很长的故事,但是你在里面几乎找不到:
2.C解析:本题考查从连词辨析。句意:尽
生词。一太好了!否则对于学生来说就太难了。O:管时代在不断变化,但中国的年轻人表现出了同样
意为“否则”,表示转折关系。据题千分析,前后句为;的希望。But但是:Unless除非:Although虽然:As
转折关系。故填Or。
!soon as一…就。根据“he times keep changing,
4,If解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句意:如;young people in China have shown the same
采汤姆下周来,我将带他在我们城市转一转,if引!promise.”可知,前后构成让步关系,用Although引
导条件状语从句,句首需大写首字母。故填「。
}导让步状语从句。故选C,
5.so:hat解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句
3.A解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句意:一
意:王老师对学生们很耐心,因此受到学生们的喜:露西,在昆明的天气怎么样?一既不热也不冷。所以
爱。修饰形客词patient,.要用so...that引导结采状!昆明被称为“春城”。根据下文“So Kunming is called
语从句,表示“如此…以至于”。故填so和that。!the Spring City."可知,此处是既不是太冷也不太热,
6.neither:nor解析:本题考查关联词的运用。所以应用neither.…nor表示两者都不。故选A。
句意:我既不会游泳又不会滑冰。你能教我吗?
4.C解析:本题考查并列连词。句意:我们应
neither…nor意为“既不,也不”。故填neither!该展望未来,但永远不要忘记过去。空格前后是转
和nor。
:折关系·应用but连接,故远C
7.because解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句!
5.D解析:本题考查连词的用法。句意:一几
意:露西没有通过期中考试,因为她没有认真对待这:天前,中国政府送给了俄罗斯两只大熊猫,如意和丁
些学科。由题干可知,两句是因果关系。故填:丁。一我认为,中国和俄罗斯之间的关系会更亲密。
because.
!between.…and意为“在…和…之间”。根据句
8.if:don't解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句!意可知是两国之间。故选Da
意:没有会员卡你就不能从图书馆借书。改为复合:
6.D解析:本题考查连词的用法。句意:一我
句,可以用(如果)引导条件状语从句,原句时态是:不能和我的家人友好相处。一为什么不和他们好好
一般现在时,所以从句部分时态不变,without可以:谈谈呢?你应该在事情变得更糟糕之前和家人沟
用“don't have”来替换。故填if和don't。
;通。before意为“在…之前”。根据“things
9.too:to解析:本题考查关联词的运用。句:become worse'”可知表达“在事精变得更糟之前”,用
意:医生们太忙了,以至于没有时间休息。考查结果连词before引导时间状语从句。故选D。
状语从句,此处用t00…0…引导结果状语从句。:
7.A解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:一保罗
故填to0和t0。
:在操场上受了重伤。让我们把他扶起来。一除非你
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懂一些急救知识,否则不要动他。unless意为“除;为David和Lisa可以成为好的会计吗?一会计应该
非”,根据“Don'tmove him…you know some first-;足够仔细,David和Lisa恐怕都不合适。neither
aid knowledge.”可知,此处表示一种否定的条件,用nor表示“两者都不”。根据I'm afraid可知他们两
unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。
:个都不适合。故选B。
8.A解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:他一听!
4.C解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:除了A
到小女孩在外面城救命,就冲出了房间。as soon as!和B,天空中出现了美丽的C,这让我们很兴奋,因
意为“一…就…”。根据“…he heard the little为“C”是来自中国的C9l9,带有很多江苏元素。故
girl erying for help outside,he rushed out of the C.
ro0m.”可知,此处表示“一…就…”,应用as5.C解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:一成功
soon as引导时间状语从句。故选A。
:的秘诀是什么,Kow博士?一再多花些时间和精
9D解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:一恐怕!力,总有一天你会成功的。本题是国定句型“新使
我在运动会上做不好。一别担心。即使你不成功,;句,十ad/or十陈述句"结构,当前后分句为承接关
我也会支持你。even if意为“即使”,根据句意可知,系时用and。根据句意语境,可知本句前后是承接
此处表达的是即使没有成功,也会支持对方,应用:关系,故选C。
even if引导让步状语从句。故选A。
二、短文填空。
10.B解析:题考查连词解析。句意:越来越多!
1,because解析:句意:她总喜欢乘地铁,因为
的孩子对盲盒感兴趣,因为他们想知道盒子里装的:它速度狼快。
是什么,“More and more children are interested in:
2.for'as解析:句意:现在她乘地铁不感到困
blind boxes'”与“they wonder what is inside'"是因果:难,因为地已经习惯了,
关系,后是因,用because引导原因状语从句。故:
3.so that解析:句意:格某托对地铁线路非常
选B。
熟悉,以至于地知道各条线路都有自己的颜色。
【提升练习】
4.For example解析:句意:例如,中心线是红
一、完成句子。
色的。
1.Either;or
5.When解析:句意:当你看到那些长长的隧
2.Though/Although:never
;道,你就不难理解人们为什么这样称呼它。
3.both:and
6.Since/As解析:句意:因为大家都下班回
4.not only:but also
家,车厢挤得满满的。
5.so:that
7.and解析:句意:这就是高峰时期,而且这对
二、选择填空。
!格莱托说,又是一次新的经历。
1.A解析:本题考查连词瓣析。句意:“00后”
8.Although解析:句意:尽管每分钟就有一班
已经开始让世界惊叹,尽管他们还很年轻。though:
车,人还是很多。
尽管;if如果;unless除非;before在…之前。分析;
9.Since/As解析:句意:由于她乘坐的地铗满
句子可知,尽管00后很年轻,但是他们已经让世界!
载,格莱托只能站着…
惊叹,故用though引导让步状语从句。故选A。
10.but
解析:句意:格菜托只能站着,不过地
2.D解析:本题考查连词解析,向意:为了纪并不在乎。
念刘邦和项羽之间的战斗,人们发明了中国象棋。!
第二部分
语用知识
between.…and…意为“…和…之间”。根据中国
【基础练习】
文化知识可知,刘邦和项羽之间的战斗,应用
选择填空。
between.and.。故选D
1.A解析:句意:一校长在毕业典礼上说的话
3.B解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:一你认!一定深深地印在许多学生的脑海里。一我同意。它
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