1.1 第3节 应用文-2024年初中学业水平考试英语总复习

初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》 第三节 应用文 ◆知识要领◆ 如，通知的对象常采用第三人称：日记是记事文 英语阅读理解中的应用文阅读材料主要有 体，常以第一人称记录当天日常生活。 书信、日记、通知、广告、便条、海报、电话留言 例题评析 条、贺卡、明信片、启示等。 (2023·湖北武汉·中考真题) 一·.写作目的 Dinosaur(恐龙)Prints Discovered 应用文是人们日常生活、工作和学习中所 A diner eating in a restaurant's outdoor 应用的最广泛、最通俗易懂的文体。应用文是 yard,in Sichuan Province,has discovered 人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文 dinosaur footprints on the ground.After using 体。应用文是为实现特定目的服务的，因此其 a3 D scanner(扫描仪)，scientists made sure 写作动因与目的十分明确，是人们传递信息、处 that the footprints are 100 million years old. 理事务，交流感情的工具。 They belonged to two dinosaurs with long 以日记为例：日记，是一日生活、工作、思想 necks and tails. 等的记录，目的是把自己一天经历过的，或所 见、所闻、所感受到的最重要的、有意义的、印象 最深的内容记录下来。 二结构特征 应用文通常以简易的文体格式、简单的语 言表达重要的信息。应用文的特点在于格式鲜 明，目的性强。应用文一般都有自己固定的模 Marley and Bob say they became 式。例如，英文书信的基本构成为信头，信内地 interested in archaeology(考古学)from 址，称呼，正文，结束语，签名，附言，附件：通知 studying history at school,going to museums 一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成，需要注意 and watching Human Histories They also go 的是，正文部分要写清楚在什么时间、什么地 to the Young Archaeologists'Club and they do 点、有何事情，谁参加以及注意事项等。 digs at archaeological sites()and carefully 三、基本语言特点 research their finds."You never know what 应用文的语言实用、朴实、简洁、得体，格式 you might discover,and it is a fascinating way 规范，除语法、词汇正确外，还必须适合于具体 to uncover old remains on a real dig.It makes 的情景、时间、地点、身份、交际目的。 me really happy,"says Bob. 不同的应用文有各自的时态要求，例如，通 知常使用一般将来时和一般现在时：日记所记 载的事情常常是当天已经发生过的事情，所以 时态基本上用一般过去时。 同时，应用文的人称使用也各有不同。例 10 《第一部分语篇知识 Students Find Ancient Mural D.says hello to the past A group of student archaeologists have 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了三个有关考古的 unearthed a 1,000-year-old mural wall 新闻。第一篇讲述的是四川省某餐厅户外庭院 painting )The 30-meter mural shows 中，一食客发现地上的恐龙足迹。科学家使用 mysterious scenes,which could reflect what 3D扫描仪后确认，这些足迹有1亿年的历史， the life was like in ancient Peru.Professor 属于两只长脖子和尾巴的恐龙。第二篇讲述了 Luis says,"The discovery is the most exciting 两个年轻人对考古学的兴趣源于在学校学习历 and important find of recent years. 史、参观博物馆和观看《人类简史》！他们还参 加了青年考古学家俱乐部，在考古遗址进行挖 掘并仔细研究他们的发现。第三篇讲迷了一组 学生考古学家发掘出一幅有1000年历史的壁 画。这幅30米长的壁画描绘了神秘的场景，反 映了古秘鲁的生活。 1.C【解析】本题是推理判断题。本文 1.In which section of the newspaper can we 主要介绍了三个有关考古的新闻，故文章可能 read the news? 出现在报纸的历史版面。故选C。 A.BUSINESS. B.TRAVEL. 2,D【解析】本题是细节理解题。根据 C.HISTORY. D.ART. "A diner eating in a restaurant's outdoor yard, 2.Those dinosaur prints were found in Sichuan Province,has discovered dinosaur A.through a scanner footprints on the ground'”可知四川省一家餐馆 B.by scientists 的户外院子里，一名食客在地上发现了恐龙脚 C.millions of years ago 印。故选D。 D.during a meal 3.B【解析】本题是最佳标题题。通读 3.The best heading for the second piece of 全段内容可知，本段主要介绍了在挖掘中发现 news would be 旧遗骸的快乐，故以选项B“挖掘并发现世界” A,Come to Our Club 为标题最合适。故远B。 B.Dig and Discover the World 4,A【解析】本题是细节理解题。根据 C.Find Out Your Hobby "The 30-meter mural shows mysterious D.Study Human Histories scenes,which could reflect what the life was 4.Professor Luis finds the mural very valuable like in ancient Peru”可知这幅30米长的壁画 mainly because 展示了神秘的场景，可以反映出古代秘鲁的生 A.it's connected to ancient society 活，所以它非常有价值。故选A。 B.it shows the birth of the mural 5.D【解析】本题是推理判断题。根据 C.it's the world's earliest wall painting "scientists made sure that the footprints are D.it has a very large size 100 million years old""it is a fascinating way to 5.All the news above uncover old remains'”以及“reflect what the life A.reports new archaeological finds was like in ancient Peru”可知这三个新闻都和 B.tells ancestors'stories 考古有关，它们都和过去的事物有关。故选D C.describes the history events 11 初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》 (2022·陕西省·中考真题) A.write to B.communicate with Childcare Services for Parents on Holiday C.learn from D.agree with ONLY FOR GUESTS STAYING 4.Who is the text written for? AT THE HAPPY HOLIDAYS HOTEL A.Children who want to enjoy the hotel PARENTS who wish to leave their activities. children at the hotel when they go out on B.Children who pass by the Happy Holidays their own can use our childcare service.Just Hotel. call the service desk at the hotel or call us at C.Parents who stay at the Happy Holidays 1600 123 5777(this call is free). Hotel. One of our child caretakers will contact D.Parents who are very busy with their you in your room. work. Here are the activities your children may 【文章大意】本文是一则广告。文章主要 enjoy doing: 介绍了在Happy Holidays酒店住宿的客人可 ●playing board games 以享受的儿童托管服务的相关情况。 ●listening to stories 1,B【解析】本题是推理判断题。通读 ●reading books 全文可知，本文主要介绍了在Happy Holidays O playing computer games 酒店住宿的客人可以享受的儿童托管服务的相 O singing songs and dancing 关情况。由此可推知，本文是一则广告。故 ●painting pictures 选B。 ●making craft models 2.C【解析】本题是细节理解题。根据 Your children will be in safe hands!Our 第三段中“Here are the activities your children childcare service is for children of all ages. may enjoy doing”下面所列举的内容可知，该儿 PLEASE CALL THE TOLL FREE 童托常服务共提供七项活动。故选C。 NUMBER TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT 3.B【解析】本题是词义猜测题。根据 THE COST OF HIRING A CHILD 第一段倒数第一句“Just call the service desk at CARETAKER. the hotel or call us at 1600 123 5777(this call 1.What kind of writing is the text? is free).”可知，画线词所在句表示酒店的一名 A.Email. B.Ad. 儿童托常员会去客人的房间与客人联系。由此 C.Story. D.News. 可推知，画线词意为“与…联系”，与B项意 2.How many activities are listed here for the 思接近。故选B。 children to enjoy? 4.C【解析】本题是推理判断题。通读 A.Nine. B.Eight. 全文并结合文章标题“Childeare Services for C.Seven. D.Six. Parents on Holiday”可推知，这篇文章主要写 3.The underlined word“contact”probably 给入住Happy Holidays酒店的父母。故选C。 means“ ”in the text. 12 第一部分语篇知识 课时训练 【基础练习】 阅读理解。阅读下面一篇材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。 (2020·贵州贵阳·中考真题) An Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants Things prepared: 米a potato that has sprouts(发芽) a flower pot with soil a camera to record progress Observation: Day One The color of the soil looks darker because I have just watered it.In the center of the pot,I can see a tiny sprout that has grown from the potato under the soil.I'll call it Buddy.Buddy is green and yellow.I wonder how fast it will grow. Day Six Without much change in the past six days,I finally see some new progress on Buddy as it has grown taller.It's exciting to see new life like this.I hope Buddy can grow faster. Day Eleven Buddy is getting larger!Three more new sprouts have grown around Buddy!Green leaves have grown on the new sprouts,but they have not fully grown yet.I guess I need to be a bit more patient. Day Thirteen Buddy continues to grow taller.The leaves on the new sprouts have grown a bit.I'm also excited to see more new sprouts that have grown from under the soil. Day Fifteen Finally,the leaves on the other sprouts are 3cm tall.They're so green.I hope they will soon grow into new potatoes. What I have learned It's really interesting to grow potatoes.During these fifteen days,I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water.If the soil is dry,the potato will fail to grow.I have also learned that the temperature needs to be right.If it is too cold,it won't grow. I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life-it takes not only time,but also lots of efforts and patience. 1.The reading material is an experiment report about A.chemistry B.physics C.biology 2.How many things did the writer prepare before her experiment? A.Three. B.Five. C.Seven. 3.How did the writer feel when she saw the progress of the potato plants? A.Excited. B.Nervous. C.Surprised. 13 鱼初中学业水平考试总复习·英语 4.What can we know from the writer's experiment report? A.“Buddy'”grew very fast in the first six days. B.Plenty of water is necessary for growing potato plants. C.The writer got new potatoes on the fifteenth day of the experiment. 5.What has the writer learned from the experiment? A.Old habits die hard. B.Rome wasn't built in one day. C.Knowledge comes from questioning. 【提升练习】 阅读理解。阅读下面一篇材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 (2023·湖北宜昌·中考真题) Come and buy books at our great sale!Here is the information about some new books.You will get 50%off if you buy three or more books together. Chinese Clothing (Y50) It's written by Hua Mei,a professor of a university.It's about typical Chinese clothing styles in different historical periods.From the book,readers can know traditional Chinese customs have made a big difference in clothing culture. A Little Bit of Beijing(Y60) The writers are Li Han and Hu Yan.The book is about the beautiful buildings in Beijing.It's a great gift for kids who love picture books with colorful houses,cars and flowers. The Brightest from the Best(40) The writers are Hong and Zhang Xiaolong.The book tells us some stories about choices and growth.It records the real lives of eleven young people.They graduated from top universities and went to serve the people in the poor areas in China. Stories of China(Y30) It's written in both English and Chinese.All the writers are from China and UK.The folk stories in this book help readers understand Chinese history and culture better. 1.Who wrote Chinese Clothing according to the passage? A.Hua Mei. B.Hu Yan. C.Li Han. D.Wang Hong. 2.Which book is the best gift for kids who like colorful pictures? A.Stories of China. B.Chinese Clothing. C.A Little Bit of Beijing. D.The Brightest from the Best. 3.What is The Brightest from the Best about? A.The history of clothes. B.The folk stories of China. C.The beauty of Beijing. D.The real stories of young people. 4.How much will you pay if you buy these four books together? A.70 yuan. B.90 yuan. C.140 yuan. D.180 yuan. 5.What do you know from the passage? A.An introduction to some books. B.A list of several bookstores. C.An interview with foreign readers. D.A report on famous writers. 14定。故选A。 ;第二句“t's easy to say that a product is~green'or 第二节说明文 'all natural',but the words may be too good to be 【基础练习】 true.”和最后一句“After all,companies try to make 阅读理解 us believe that their products are environmentally 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍：respons-ible..”可知，作者认为说一个产品是“绿色 了久坐办公有害健康，以及一些公司为解决这一问！的”或“纯天然的“很容易，但这些词可能好得令人难 题而使用的两款有利于员工保持健康的办公桌。 :以置信。毕竟，公司会努力让我们相信他们的产品 1,A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据第一段：是对环境负责的。由此可知，画线短语应意为“不完 第一句“People in the office usually sit for most of;全相信”，与B项意思相近。故速B。 the day when they work.."可知，当人们在办公室工： 3.A解析：本题是标题概括题。文章从材科、 作时，他们通常是坐着的。故选A。 :包装、生产地点等方面介绍了如何真正环保的胸买 2.B解析：本题是词义猜测题。根据第一段产品。A项译为“绿色购买”，可以概括文章大意。 最后一句中的“Companies need workers to be;故迭Ae healthy”及第二段内容可知，公司想要员工保持健： 第三节应用文 康，因此使用两款特殊的办公桌来解决这个问题。} 【基础练习】 由此可知，画线词所在句表示他们会如何解决这个 阅读理解 问题。所以x应意为“解决”，与B项意思相近。故 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了作 选B 者栽培土豆的前15天的生长记录，是关于土豆栽培 3.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据第二段！试验的报告。 第二句中的“The first type of desk"及倒数第二句中 1.C解析：本题是推理判断题。根据标题An 的“Another type of desk'”可知，文章提到了两款办：Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants可知， 公桌。故选A。 本文是关于土豆栽培的实验报告，应属于生物学科。 4.C解析：本题是细节理解题。根据最后一！故选C 段“Workers in the companies like the different 2.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据文章第 types of desks very much.They think these desks一部分Things prepared可知，作者在实验之前准备 are quite useful."可知，公司的员工们认为不同美型：了三样东两：a potato that has sprouts:a flower pot 的办公桌是有用的。故选C。 !with soil;a camera to record progress。.故选A. 5.C解析：本题是目的意图题。文章主要介 3.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据Day Six 绍了久坐办公有害能康，以及一些公司为解决这一中的内容“I finally see some new progress on Buddy 问题而使用的两款有利于员工保持健康的办公桌。：as it has grown taller.It's exciting to see new life 由此可推知，本篇文章的目的是介绍有助于人们保：ike this.”可知，作者看到土豆的生长很激动。故 持健康并更好地工作的办公桌。故选C。 选A 【提升练习】 4.B解析：本题是细节理解题。倒数第二段 阅读理解 ;中的“During these fifteen days,I have learned that 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章从材料、；growing potato plants needs plenty of water.."与B 包装、生产地点等方面介绍了如何购买绿色产品。！项表达意思一致。故选B。 1.C解析：本题是细节理解题，根据第四段： 5.B解析：本题是推理判断题。根据文章最 第五句"Try to choose local produets.”可知，作者建；后一段可知“种植植物就像在生活中尝试成功一 议选择当地生产的产品。故选C :样—这不仪雪要时间，而且需要大量的努力和耐 2.B解析：本题是词义猜测题。根据第五段：心”，这也正应了一句谚语“罗马不是一天建成的”。 —230 故选B。 ;small.”可知，当我们选择“Should'”时风险是比较小 【提升练习】 !的。故选A。 阅读理解 2.C解析：本题是写作手法题。文章第三段 【文章大意】这是一篇书店促销活动的广告，介中列举了Van Gogh和Reyna Marder Gentin的事 绍了一些新书的信息和购买折扣。文章列举了四本！例，来证明其观点。由此可知，作者在第三段通过举 书，这些书涵盖了中国不同历史时期的服饰文化，北！例子的方式来阐明自己的观，点。故选C。 京风物，年轻人成长故事以及中国历史文化的民间： 3.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据倒数第 故事。 二段第四句“Try to make a practical plan for what l,A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据“Chinese:you want to do.”可知，如果我们速择了“Must”这条 Clothing(Y50)t·s written by Hua Mei,a:路，就要尝试为我们想要做的去制定一个切实可行 professor of a university.”可知《中国服饰》这本书！的方案。故选A. 是华梅写的。故选A, 4,B解析：本题是写作意图题。通读全文尤 2.C解析：本题是细节理解题。根据“Ir'sa:其是最后一段“If you believe that you have great gift for kids who love picture books with:something special inside of you,it's about time you colorful houses,cars and flowers..”可知《北京一角》；gave Must a try一today..”可知，作者写这稿文章是 这本书适合喜欢图画的孩子们。故选C。 :为了鼓励我们做最真实的自己。故选B。 3.D解析：本题是细节理解题。根据“The 【提升练习】 book tells us some stories about choices and 阅读理解 growth.It records the real lives of eleven young 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述 people,,”可知The Brightest from the Best这本书介：了诺贝尔奖的存在鼓励了获奖者们为社会带来的正 绍了年轻人的真实故事，记录了选择和成长的故事，：面影响一改变世界，造福人类。 故选D 1.A解析：本题是词义猜测题。根据第入段 4.B解析：本题是推理判断题。根据“Chinese!最后一句“Not only for the individual Clothing(Y50)""A Little Bit of Beijing (Y60)":achievements,but also for the national confidence." “The Brightest from the Best(￥4O)”和“Stories of可推知，画线词所在句应表示这是一件令人振奋的 Chia(￥30)”可知这四本书一共180元，根据“You!事情。画线词“uplifting”意为“振奋人心的”，与A will get50%off if you buy three or more books;项意思相近。故选A. together..”可知买三本以上半价，也就是90元。故： 2.C解析：本题是主旨大意题。本文主要阐 选B。 :迷了诺贝尔奖的存在鼓励了获奖者们为社会带来的 5.A解析：本题是主旨大意题。根据“Here is·正面影响一玫变世界，造福人类。故选C, the information about some new books..”可知本文： 3.D解析：本题是文章出处题。根据最后一 主要是一些书的介绍。故选A。 ;段第一句“The Paper noted that the prize can 第四节议论文 encourage the young generation to do scientific 【基础练习】 !research.”可推知，这篇文章可能摘自一份报纸。故 阅读理解 :选D 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕： 4.D解析：本题是推理判断题。根据最后一 如何走好“必须之路”进行论述，鼓励大家要积极行：段“The Paper noted that the prize can encourage the 动，勇于尝试，忠于自已的内心。 young generation to do scientific research.Do you L,A解析：本题是细节理解题，根据第二段；have any ideas about this?”可推知，文章接下来可能 最后一句“When we choose Should,the risk is!会讨论年轻人微科学研究的方法。故选D. —231