1.1 第1节 记叙文-2024年初中学业水平考试英语总复习

第一部分 语篇知识 第一章 语篇类型介绍和不同语篇特征 ◆知识导图◆ 写作目的 结构特征 记叙文 基本语言特点 信息组织方式 写作目的 结构特征 说明文 基本语言特点 语篇类型 信息组织方式 写作目的 应用文结构特征 基本语言特点 写作目的 结构特征 议论文论证方法 基本语言特点 信息组织方式 第一节 记叙文 ◆知识要领◆ 日记，游记、传说、新闻、通讯，小说等，都属于记 叙文的范畴。 一、写作目的 二.结构特征 记叙文(Narration)是围绕事件或情节矛 盾，通过写人、叙事，以记叙和描写为主要表达 常见的记叙文结构有三种：总分式结构、并 方式来刻画人物、反映事件的一种文体。记叙 列式结构和对照式结构。 文的写作目的是通过对人，事、景和物的生动形 三，基本语言特点 象地描写和叙述来反映生活，表达作者的思想 记叙文的语言形象生动，有丰富的情感，能 感情。记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事的 触及读者内心：有浓郁的生活气息，能具体地勾 1 一鱼初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》 画生活：有韵味、有底蕴、有张力，能令人遐思悠 was also fun to watch how they came into being.But 远、回味无穷。记叙文语言中也有抒情，议论的 the reason he really fell in love with them was that 语段，但只起辅助作用。作者的观点和思想感 they were very accessible.For example,if you 情往往通过叙述和描写自然地流露出来。时态 wanted to attract (swallowtails,you planted 以一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅。正是这些 some zinnias,a kind of bright flowers. 时态变化，使得记叙文有了层次感和立体感。 Bert started a zinnia garden at his house, 四.信息组织方式 where he raised a large number of swallowtails 1.六要素 over the years.With the world's swallowtail population falling,Bert wanted people to realize 一般来说，记叙文要包括六方面的内容，即 that if insects like swallowtails disappeared,so 人物(who'whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、 would all the others above them on the food 事件(what)、起因(why)、结果(how). chain.To make the fact clear and easy to 2.记叙的顺序 understand for other students,he also created 常见的写作顺序有四种： a zinnia garden at his junior high school. 顺叙 Part of the joy for Bert was watching the 倒叙 记叙的顺序 younger students get excited when running 插叙 after swallowtails."Whenever a swallowtail 夹叙夹议 lands on them,the young students will soon 3.叙述的方法 fall in love with these cute insects.They 以时间为线索 develop a new appreciation for them,"he said. 以地点为线索 Bert put his efforts into the environmental 叙述的线索以事件发展的过程为线索 educational project and made it take flight. 以事物的象征意义为线索 1.After Bert was honored with Young Heroes, 以人物的思想行为及认知的 过程为线索 A.he often gave speeches in public 例题评析 B.he set up his“green'”project C.he became interested in swallowtails (2023·湖北武汉·中考真题)Bert won a D.he went on protecting insects national prize called Young Heroes for his 2.Which of the following can be put in “green”project.This public-spirited young ▲？ person was now a university student.His love A.Bert saved many swallowtails for insects grew deeper and he was protecting B.Bert had a dull childhood them for the future. C.Bert found his love early in life A.When he was around 4 or 5,he always D.Bert made a hard decision loved to watch different insects,especially beautiful 3.The underlined word "accessible"in paragraph swallowtails().One interesting fact he learned 2 means“ ” about swallowtails was that their bright colors A.dangerous to feed warned hungry animals that they tasted bad.And it B.easy to get close to 2 心第一部分语篇知识●▲ C.hard to raise 实性和可信度，并且强调了这些事件对现实世 D.safe to reach 界的影响和价值。 4.The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia 1.D【解析】本题是细节理解题。根据 garden at school was 第一段内容尤其是第三句“His love for insects A.to watch students have fun grew deeper and he was protecting them for B to make his school more beautiful the future.”可知，Bert荣获“青年英雄”奖之后 C.to stop swallowtails from disappearing 继续保护昆虫。故选D。 D.to help kids learn about swallowtails 2.C【解析】本题是句间逻辑题。根据 5.What would be the best title for the 第二段第二句“When he was around4or5,he passage? always loved to watch different insects,especially A.A Bright Flower beautiful swallowtails(凤蝶).”可知，当他大约4 B.A Flying Project 或5岁的时候，他总是喜欢观察不同的昆虫，尤 C.A Green Garden 其是漂亮的凤蝶。由此可推知，空格处应介绍他 D.A Warning Action 是从什么时候开始喜欢观察昆虫的，即Bert很 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 早就找到了自己的所爱。故选C 要讲述了男孩Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故 3.B【解析】本题是词义猜测题。根据 事。文章讲述了Bert因为对“绿色”项目的贡 第二段最后一句“For example,if you wanted 献而荣获“青年英雄”奖，成为人们心中的英雄。 to attract(吸引)swallowtails,you planted 他从小就热爱昆虫，尤其是美丽的凤蝶。他通 some zinnias,.a kind of bright flowers..”可知， 过观察了解到风堞的鲜艳颜色是为了警告饥饿 例如，如果你想吸引风蝶，你就种一些百日菊。 的动物它们不好吃，并且观察了它们是如何产 由此可推知，画线词所在句表示他真正爱土凤 生的。Bert在他的房子里种植了百日菊，并养 蝶的原因是它们易于接近。因此，画线词应意 了很多风蝶。随着世界风蝶数量的减少，他希 为“易接近的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 望人们能够意识到如果像凤蝶这样的昆虫消失 4,D【解析】本题是推理判断题。根据 了，那么食物链上的其他生物也会消失。为了 第三段尤其是最后一句“To make the fact clear 让学生们清楚地理解这个事实，他在初中也创 and easy to understand for other students,he 建了一个百日菊花园。Bert把他的努力投入 also created a zinnia garden at his junior high 到了环境教有项目中，并取得了成功。 school..”可推知，Bert在学校建造一个百日菊 文章采用了顺叙的记叙手法，从Bert获得 花园是为了帮助孩子们了解凤蝶。故选D 国家奖项开始，讲述了他的成长经历和对昆虫 5.B【解析】本题是标题概括题。通读 的热爱，以及他如何通过种植百日菊和养凤蝶 全文尤其是最后一段“Bert put his efforts into 来保护昆虫。文章以时间先后顺序进行叙述， the environmental educational project and 层次分明，结构清晰。 made it take flight.”可知，本文主要讲述了 文章以过去时态为主，描述了Bert过去的 Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事。B项“一个 行为和经历。同时，文章中也使用了现在时态， 正蓬勃发展的项目”符合本文主旨，是本文的最 例如描述Bert目前的成就和昆虫保护活动。 佳标题。故选B。 使用现在时态可以让读者感受到这些事件的真 初中学业水平考试总复习·英语》 课时训练 【基础练习】 阅读理解。阅读下面一篇材料，从每题所给的A,B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 (2o23·襄阳·中考真题)It was at the age of ten that I realized my sister was different.She had autism().She could not look at people in the eye.She would say to herself and repeat the words in a low voice.Although we went to the same primary school.I never,ever said in public that she was my sister. Just two years ago,my sister and her classmates had to prepare for a performance.She had to perform alone because nobody wanted to perform with her."I'll sing,"she told my parents.I was completely shocked.How could she sing in front of the school?She would make me embarrassed. The big day finally arrived.It took her about a whole minute to stammer(结巴说出)her name and class.I could see someone laughing at her,showing no respect(). "Why is she taking so long?"people around me asked.How I wished I was somewhere else! Finally,my sister started to sing.She opened her mouth,and I was deeply moved-she sang so beautifully.The hall became quiet.Only her voice could be heard clearly. I listened carefully to the lyrics that she had written all by herself.I was ashamed()of myself-how could I have doubted my sister's abilities?Although I was embarrassed by her,she didn't say anything.She had never taken anything that I had done to heart.It was then that I decided to make a change. l.How did“I”change the attitude(态度)towards my sister?The correct order is DI decided to change myself.2I was ashamed of myself.I was shocked about her decision. DI never said in public that she was my sister.5I was moved by her singing abilities. A.③④②⑤① B.④③⑤②① C.④①⑤②③ D.⑤③①②④ 2.What does the story most possibly want to tell us? A.Everyone should be respected. B.Nobody could change the writer's ideas. C.The sister had difficulty doing everything. D.The sister was embarrassed after the performance. 3.What's the best title for the passage? A.A Perfect Sister B.A Wonderful Experience C.A Lesson from My Sister D.A Sweet Memory in My Heart 【提升练习】 阅读理解。阅读下面一篇材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 (2o22·湖北武汉·中考真题)Boris,a foreign student at Communication University of China, often shares his experiences of Chinese culture on his vlog(视频博客). In one video,for example,Boris shared how he had learned the Chinese word dong.ri.He 心第一部分语篇知识●。 translated each part separately into“east west'”.And he introduced one theory(说法)about how dong.ri came to mean"things".He told people that all marketplaces in ancient Chinese cities were set up along a single road that ran from east to west.So when you would say qu mai dongxi, you'd be saying,“T'm going to buy things..” Some other videos show his reading Chinese poems and performing kung fu in Chinese traditional costume,which are quite welcome among his 40,000 followers. "Many of my followers are learning Chinese,"Boris said."But sadly,they know little about Chinese culture and the country." Like many foreigners,Boris once believed that all Chinese could perform kung fu.flying onto roofs and walking over walls.He thought the country was not that developed.But after he got a scholarship (奖学金)to study in China in2ol9,his view changed.“China has entered a new period,but many people's impressions of China are still stuck in the 1970s,"Boris said."That's why I started to shoot vlogs to share Chinese culture in 2019. Until now,Boris has posted more than 40 Chinese culture vlogs online.But making these vlogs is not easy.Take reading the poem Second Farewell to Cambridge by Xu Zhimo as an example. "I can understand and read every word in the poem,"Boris said."But to touch readers,I need to use proper feelings while reading."So he needed to look for much background information and make his feelings suit each part of the poem. Though shooting these vlogs takes lots of time,the young man feels proud that his vlogs have inspired many people.Boris said that he wanted to continue bridging the differences between two cultures."This goal may not be achieved easily,but I will spare no efforts to do my part. 1.Through the vlogs,Boris mainly wants to A.teach foreigners Chinese B.introduce a Chinese university C.sell Chinese products D.share his experiences in China 2.Boris learned the Chinese word dongri by A.translating it as a whole B.knowing its cultural background C.making up some sentences D.comparing it with similar words 3.What inspired Boris to shoot vlogs? A.His hunger for new technology. B.His wish to show the real China. C.His interest in Chinese culture. D.His dream to be a big vlogger. 4.The poem Second Farewell to Cambridge is mentioned to A.meet the followers'needs B.express Boris'love for poems C.show Boris'efforts at vlog-making D.give an example of Chinese culture 5.The passage is probably written to A.say yes to Boris'actions B.build bridges by making vlogs C.call for more help D.achieve a common goal 5参芳答案 第一部分语篇知识 of China,often shares his experiences of Chinese culture 第一章语篇类型介绍和不同语篇特征 on his vlog(视频博客).”可知，Boris主要是想通过他 第一节记叙文 的视频博客来分享自己在中国的经历。故选D。 【基础练习】 2.B解析：本题是推理判断题。根据第二段 阅读理解 中的内客“He told people that all marketplaces in 【文章大意】木文讲述了一个人因妹妹自闭症而：ancient Chinese cities were set up along a single road 感到羞愧，后来因为被妹妹的歌声打动，开始改变态that ran from east to west.”可知，他告诉人们，中国 度。文章告诉我们即使有残挨，也要欣赏自己的能： 古代城市所有的市场都是沿着一条从东到西的道路 力，同时尊重他人。 建立起来的。由此可知，Bois是通过了解“东西”这 1,B解析：本题是细节理解题。根搭第一段“1：个词的文化背景来学习这个汉语词语的。故选B never,ever said in publie that she was my sister. 3.B解析：本题是推理判断题。根据第五段 可知作者从未在公共场合承认自己的妹妹，故④排最后两句“China has entered a new period,but 第一位，排除A、D:根据第二段“I was completely;many people's impressions of China are still stuck in shocked”可知作者听到妹妹要上台表演，非常震惊，the1970s,'Boris said.·Thar'swhy1 started to 故③排第二位，排除C。故选B。 shoot vlogs to share Chinese culture in 2019.' 2.A解析：本题是推理判断题。本文主要介：知，Boris说：“中国已经进入了一个新的时期，但很 绍了作者的妹妹有点自闭，两年前，作者的妹妹要上！多人对于中国的印象还停留在20世纪70年代。这 台表演，但是花费了她一分钟时间才说出地的名字：就是我在2019年开始拍摄视频博客来分享中国文 和班级，作者感到很丢人，结果自己的妹妹歌唱得非化的原因。”由此可推知，Bos希望通过拍摄视频博 常好。从这个故事中我们可以了解到，不管什么人，客能够展示真正的中国。故选B 都有自己擅长的事情，都值得尊放。故选A。 4.C解析：本题是推理判斯题。根据第六段 3.C解析：本题是最佳标题题。本文主要介！最后两句“But making these vlogs is not easy.Take 绍了作者的妹妹有，点自闭，两年前，作者的妹妹要上reading the poem Second Farewell to Cambridge by 台表演，但是花费了她一分钟时间才说出她的名字：Xu Zhimo as an example,.”可知，制作这些视频并不 和班级，作者感到很丢人，结果自己的妹妹歌唱得非！容易：根据第七段最后一句“So he needed to look for 常好，以选项C“从我妹妹那得到的一个教训”为标：much background information and make his feelings 题最合适。故选C。 :suit each part of the poem."可知，他需要寻找许多 【提升练习】 的背景信息，使自己的感受与诗歌的每个部分相配。 阅读理解 由此可推知，提及徐志摩的《再别康桥》是为了介绍 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述；Bois在制作视频博客上付出的努力。故选C。 中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生Bois经常在他的： 5.A解析：本题是写作意图题。文章主要讲 视频博客上分享他学习中国文化的经历，并介绍了：述中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生Bos经常在他 他为制作这些视频所付出的努力。 的视频博客上分享他学习中国文化的经历，并介绍 1.D解析：本题是细节理解题。根据第一段；了他为制作这些视频博客所付出的努力。由此可推 “Boris,a foreign student at Communication University;知，本文主要是对Boris所付出的这些努力表示肯 —229 定。故选A。 ;第二句“t's easy to say that a product is~green'or 第二节说明文 'all natural',but the words may be too good to be 【基础练习】 true.”和最后一句“After all,companies try to make 阅读理解 us believe that their products are environmentally 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍：respons-ible..”可知，作者认为说一个产品是“绿色 了久坐办公有害健康，以及一些公司为解决这一问！的”或“纯天然的“很容易，但这些词可能好得令人难 题而使用的两款有利于员工保持健康的办公桌。 :以置信。毕竟，公司会努力让我们相信他们的产品 1,A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据第一段：是对环境负责的。由此可知，画线短语应意为“不完 第一句“People in the office usually sit for most of;全相信”，与B项意思相近。故速B。 the day when they work.."可知，当人们在办公室工： 3.A解析：本题是标题概括题。文章从材科、 作时，他们通常是坐着的。故选A。 :包装、生产地点等方面介绍了如何真正环保的胸买 2.B解析：本题是词义猜测题。根据第一段产品。A项译为“绿色购买”，可以概括文章大意。 最后一句中的“Companies need workers to be;故迭Ae healthy”及第二段内容可知，公司想要员工保持健： 第三节应用文 康，因此使用两款特殊的办公桌来解决这个问题。} 【基础练习】 由此可知，画线词所在句表示他们会如何解决这个 阅读理解 问题。所以x应意为“解决”，与B项意思相近。故 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了作 选B 者栽培土豆的前15天的生长记录，是关于土豆栽培 3.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据第二段！试验的报告。 第二句中的“The first type of desk"及倒数第二句中 1.C解析：本题是推理判断题。根据标题An 的“Another type of desk'”可知，文章提到了两款办：Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants可知， 公桌。故选A。 本文是关于土豆栽培的实验报告，应属于生物学科。 4.C解析：本题是细节理解题。根据最后一！故选C 段“Workers in the companies like the different 2.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据文章第 types of desks very much.They think these desks一部分Things prepared可知，作者在实验之前准备 are quite useful."可知，公司的员工们认为不同美型：了三样东两：a potato that has sprouts:a flower pot 的办公桌是有用的。故选C。 !with soil;a camera to record progress。.故选A. 5.C解析：本题是目的意图题。文章主要介 3.A解析：本题是细节理解题。根据Day Six 绍了久坐办公有害能康，以及一些公司为解决这一中的内容“I finally see some new progress on Buddy 问题而使用的两款有利于员工保持健康的办公桌。：as it has grown taller.It's exciting to see new life 由此可推知，本篇文章的目的是介绍有助于人们保：ike this.”可知，作者看到土豆的生长很激动。故 持健康并更好地工作的办公桌。故选C。 选A 【提升练习】 4.B解析：本题是细节理解题。倒数第二段 阅读理解 ;中的“During these fifteen days,I have learned that 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章从材料、；growing potato plants needs plenty of water.."与B 包装、生产地点等方面介绍了如何购买绿色产品。！项表达意思一致。故选B。 1.C解析：本题是细节理解题，根据第四段： 5.B解析：本题是推理判断题。根据文章最 第五句"Try to choose local produets.”可知，作者建；后一段可知“种植植物就像在生活中尝试成功一 议选择当地生产的产品。故选C :样—这不仪雪要时间，而且需要大量的努力和耐 2.B解析：本题是词义猜测题。根据第五段：心”，这也正应了一句谚语“罗马不是一天建成的”。 —230