精品解析：湖南省邵阳市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

秘密★启用前 2024年邵阳市高二联考试题卷 英语 本试卷共10页，67个小题。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡上“贴条形码区”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案写在试题卷上无效。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡，试题卷自行保存。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When did the speakers start talking? A. At 2:50. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:10. 2. What is the man doing? A. Reading a book. B. Watching a movie. C. Working on the computer. 3. Who is the host? A. Thomas. B. Sandra. C. Jerry. 4. What attracts the man about Harvard University? A. Its online classes. B. Its beautiful campus. C. Its high scholarship. 5. Why won't the woman order chocolate ice cream? A. She had a big lunch. B. She wants to keep her jeans clean. C. She is trying to lose weight. 第二节 (共15 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。 6. What does the man ask the garage to do? A. Refill some gas. B. Change the engine. C. Check the air-conditioner. 7. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Make a complaint. B. Get his money back. C. Report to the police. 听第7段材料，回答8至10题。 8. What's the weather like? A. It's snowy. B. It's rainy. C. It's cold. 9. What was the woman good at in high school? A. Running. B. Making up. C. Swimming. 10. What's the woman's idea on running in the gym? A. It's a waste of money. B. It's good for lungs. C. It's not healthy. 听第8段材料, 回答第11 至 14题。 11. For whom is the party held? A. Jane. B. Tom. C. Tom's sister. 12. At what time does the party start? A. 7:30. B. 8:00. C. 10:30. 13. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Ask Jane's father for a ride. B. Watch a film together. C. Invite some friends home. 14. What is the girl going to do next? A. Visit her cousins. B. Telephone Jane. C. Study at home. 听第9段材料, 回答第15 至 17题。 15. What kind of student was the man? A. A dropout. B. An average student. C. An excellent student. 16. What does the man think of Marlene? A. She was a little proud of herself. B. She was really a bookworm. C. She was popular with everyone. 17. What is Marlen e now? A. A manager. B. A cheerleader. C. A football player. 听第10段材料, 回答第18至 20题。 18. How many advantages are mentioned about e-books? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. 19. What do we know about e-books? A. E-book is short for elected books. B. E-books are friendly to the environment. C E-books are easy to be made. 20. What can be known from the passage? A. The author of the passage thinks highly of e-books. B. The author of the passage can make excellent e-books. C People can buy e-books in a bookstore. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Every delicious steak you have ever enjoyed eating started with a good cut of meat. However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging — supermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag. Follow this guide for some advice. Tenderloin (US), Fillet (UK), Eye Fillet (AUS/NZ) A classic cut, the tenderloin comes from the strip of muscle tucked against the backbone of the animal. As this muscle does not do much work, this is the tenderest cut of beef — which also makes it the most expensive, and arguably the most desirable. We say “arguably” because, while the tenderloin is supremely lean and a favorite of those who love their steak to melt in their mouth, it can also be tasteless. Filet mignon, widely referred to as the creme (精华) dela creme of all steak cuts, is cut from the very tip of the tenderloin. Ribeye (US/UK), Scotch fillet (AUS/NZ) This cut, from the rib section of the animal, comes with an abundance of rich marbling. The ribeye won’t give you that same “melt-in-your-mouth” feeling, but it is still one of the tenderest cuts available. Differently, the ribeye is cooked with the bone in, while the Scotch fillet is not. Strip (US), Sirloin (UK), Porterhouse (AUS/NZ) Coming from the hindquarter of the animal, the strip is not quite as tender as the tenderloin, or loaded with quite as much flavor as the ribeye, but for many steak lovers, it is just right. The best part is that because this all-rounder has a bit more chew and a bit less marbling than those cuts, it tends to be less expensive. T-bone Can’t decide between the tenderloin and the strip? Why not both? The T-bone is cut with strip on one side of a bone and tenderloin on the other. With two very different textures (口感) and flavors, the T-bone gets the best of both worlds, but it can also be more difficult to cook. The meat closer to the bone is slower to cook than the rest of the steak. 1. What can we know about the steaks from the passage? A. It usually takes little time to cook T-bone. B. All things considered, Ribeye is the best. C. A good cut only means the most expensive one. D. It's not a piece of cake to pick a perfect cut. 2. What makes the tenderloin the most expensive part among the steak? A. Different textures. B. The tenderest cut. C. Rich marbling. D. Much flavor. 3. Where can the passage be taken from? A. A science daily. B. An agricultural journal. C. A food magazine. D. A reading website. B My parents had been married less than two years when my dad was diagnosed with ALS. Making a decision regarding whether or not to start a family was difficult at the time, but due to their faith and positive outlook, they chose to do so. Had they not shared the same optimism, my older brother John would not be here, and I would not be writing this today. To say that I am thankful for their decision is an understatement. My dad has had a long battle with ALS and is still fighting after 26 years. As a child, my parents did everything in their power to keep things as normal as possible for my brother and me. Unfortunately, I have very few memories of my dad when he was still able to walk because of how young I was when he lost that ability. However, I can confidently say that as a girl, my childhood felt completely normal. Our friends came over a lot. John and I were very involved in sports, and my parents were at every game. ALS isn’t just a deadly disease — it is incurable. Most patients do not live even close to 26 years like my father has been able to. ALS is also a lonely disease, for both the patients and caregivers, as they go through hardships those around them will rarely understand. My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her. Dad is the strongest person I know. He has overcome his physical limitations due to how strong he is mentally. Every day is a battle, and every day he fights hard. He truly believes every day is a gift. Some days are worse than others, but he would rarely ley you know. It takes a certain kind of faith, will, ambition, and strength to handle such a desperate diagnosis, and he has never faltered (退缩). 4. How does the author feel about her parents’ choice of starting a family? A. Grateful. B. Indifferent. C. Angry. D. Regretful. 5. What does the author intend to stress about her parents in Paragraph 2? A. Their optimistic attitude. B. Their family values. C. Their love for children. D. Their difficult situations. 6. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s mom? A. Determined and caring. B. Humorous and knowledgeable. C. Talented and demanding. D. Generous and strict. 7. What can be concluded from the family’s story? A. Hardships and difficulties are unavoidable in life. B One has to learn to shoulder responsibility courageously. C. The presence of parents is important to children’s development. D. Inner strength and family support can help overcome physical limitations. C When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives. Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more fear than good in the algorithmic (算法的) age. But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel's mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI's capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination. A principle of privacy rules is “minimization”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes. Ms Lobel's call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy (正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency (透明) over algorithmic decisions. The problems with algorithmic formulae (公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.” Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating (模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is mistaken; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature. Ms Thompson calls on data geeks (高手) to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.” Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It's always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.” 8. What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A. The Algorithm is positive. B. The Algorithm is prospective. C. The Algorithm is complex. D. The Algorithm is recognizable. 9. What does Ms Lobel intend to convey? A. Minimization is a good privacy rule to go by B. Employing more personal data should be encouraged C. Algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy D. Identifying algorithms' problems leads to better outcomes 10. What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”? A. It develops from Butterfly Effect. B. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty. C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field. D. It emphasizes accuracy of original data. 11. Which of the following does the writers of the two books probably agree? A. Using algorithms to detect differences is hard. B. The application of data and algorithms is limited. C. The reliability of data should be attached importance to. D. Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection. D Once the red wolf’s historic range stretched from Long Island to Missouri and down to the Texas-Mexico border. But by 1972 their population was reduced to a small area along the Gulf coast due to habitat loss and hunting. To conserve the species, 14 individuals were caught as part of a reproducing program. In 1980 their wild relatives were declared extinct — the caught wolves were all that was left and thus lots of genetic variation was lost. You can’t help it when you have so few founders. Kristin Brzeski is an assistant professor at Michigan Technological University, whose research focuses on the conservation of genetics of wild animal populations. He thought this work had been an underdog scientifically and for conservation, for all wolves decreased in amount dramatically, especially the red wolves. Now, Brzeski and her co-workers have found a surprising new pool of red wolf genes that might help bring more diversity to the tiny population: they found the disappearing genes of red wolves in wild coyote populations. But why did this happen? Remember: when a population is dying out, it might find the closest related species as their own best mate, so a red wolf and a coyote can have offspring. As a result, people can rediscover their genes in their coyote hybrid offspring. As red wolves are released back into the wild, reproducing with these coyotes could help the critically endangered species regain some of its genetic diversity. This would be kind of the opposite direction: take the existing small population that still has red wolf genes that are so critical, and put them into a wild landscape with new genetic variation that they haven’t seen for 50 years or more. And all of a sudden, hopefully, this is like a super mix of genetic health and sort of a rebound that these animals can be wild and be themselves again. The next step will include how to release red wolves in a way that takes advantage of the genes red wolves hiding in coyote populations. There should be a philosophy in our mind that we created this problem, so we should be responsible for fixing it. 12. Why was much genetic variation of the red wolves lost? A. Their habitat loss. B. Their limited number. C. Their relatives’ extinction. D. Their poor adaptability. 13. What does the underlined word “underdog” in Para.3 mean? A. Failure. B. Success. C. Breakthrough. D. Dilemma. 14. What is Brzeski’s attitude to releasing red wolves into the wild? A. Disappointed. B. Favorable. C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. A promising way to save red wolves B. Red wolves — an endangered species C. Wild coyotes — red wolves’ perfect match D. An unknown future to protect red wolves 第二节 (共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every New Year, thousands decide they’re going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous. ____16____. Not aiming high enough. While it’s easy to think setting easy goals will keep you motivated, it may harm your long-term motivation. If you make goals that are too achievable, you’ll get bored and lose interest. ____17____. If you’re used to staying within your comfort zone, you'll be missing out on the satisfaction of achieving a life-changing goal. When you push yourself, you'll be able to build unshakable confidence as you achieve goal after goal. ____18____. This is a fear many of us deal with. Instead of taking action, we start worrying about “ What if?” “What if it doesn’t work out? What if my dream isn’t truly my dream? What if I don’t succeed?” If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life. ____19____. You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, “ What would my ideal life look like?” Letting fear control your mind and actions. Fear can prevent you from achieving your dreams. You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don’t learn how to manage your fears. ____20____ . One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear. With deep introspection (反省), you can uncover the exact moment when those fears are holding you back from growing. This will give you a window of opportunity to communicate with your inner being and find release. A. Lacking self-confidence B. Being uncertain about the future C. Fortunately, fear can be overcome D. Below you’ll find some common reasons why you’re losing motivation E. Many of us are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure F. Ideally, you want to strike a balance between pushing yourself and creating realistic goals G. However, when you find your purpose and passion, you’ll be driven to struggle for excellence 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15 小题；每小题1分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I think of my childhood, I remember cycling with my friends and buying orange candies, but most of all, going home to see my grandma waiting at the doorstep and asking, “How was your day, bunny?” Nana (I call my grandma Nana) saw me ___21___. She left me many great memories. She told me stories of the fairies and princesses but also of the wars and how she ___22___ those days. Nana was born during the Second World War with a very different lifestyle and childhood from me. She didn’t get education. In fact, she had to help with the housework. Even when her siblings (兄弟姐妹) got the ___23___ to learn, she would only watch them read and write. But she never___24___. That is the most important lesson she had taught me. She taught me to be ___25___ whatever things I had in my life. When I ___26___ to be selected in my school's cheerleading team, I was very upset, but she made me realize that, if not in the cheerleading team, something else was out there in the world that was going to happen to me, and it did. I ___27___ a state-level gymnast. As years went by, Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) ate her from the inside. The ___28___ who once refused to call me by any name but her “little bunny”, now didn’t even remember what my ___29___was. Soon, she forgot who I was until I sang Frank Sinatra's Fly Me to the Moon. The tiny spark (火花) of ____30____ in her eyes was what I ____31____. The little glimmer (微光) in her eyes meant that I was her “bunny” once again. One day, the glimmer ____32____ disappeared from her eyes and that was the day when I knew I had lost my nana. On her last day on this earth, as I sat beside her bed watching her fall in and out of____33____, I heard her hum Fly Me to the Moon ____34____. That was the last time when I heard her ____35____,but I will keep it in my heart forever. Nana took a piece of my childhood with her when she left. She is my world, and I know she is proud of me. 21. A. grow up B. look out C. look up D. work out 22. A. forgot B. celebrated C. survived D. calculated 23. A. invitation B. law C. burden D. opportunity 24. A. complained B. cried C. struggled D. argued 25. A. eager for B. upset about C. grateful for D. curious about 26. A. pretended B. failed C. wished D. managed 27. A. trained B. got C. needed D. became 28. A. woman B. master C. neighbour D. colleague 29. A. address B. job C. hobby D. name 30. A. ambition B. separation C. recognition D. permission 31. A. occupied B. expected C. represented D. seized 32. A. hardly B. usually C. completely D. slightly 33. A. sight B. style C. service D. sleep 34. A. loudly B. beautifully C. weakly D. fluently 35. A. voice B. story C. laughter D. praise 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 根据下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 BEIJING, Nov. 30(Xinhua)—The three astronauts aboard China’s Shenzhou-15 spaceship entered the country’s space station and successfully met with another astronaut trio on Wednesday, a historic ____36____ (gather) that added the manpower at the in-orbit space lab to six for ____37____ first time. It is the first time that Chinese astronauts aboard the space station ____38____ (see) the visit of a crewed spaceship, according to the CMSA. Chen Dong, the commander of the Shenzhou-14 crew, opened the hatch at 7: 33 a. m. (Beijing Time). The three space station occupants greeted the new arrivals with warm hugs ____39____ then they took a group picture ____40____ their thumbs up, ____41____ shouted in chorus—“China’s space station is always worth ____42____ (look) forward to.” The space reunion ____43____ (kick) off the first in-orbit crew rotation in China’s space station, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The six astronauts are projected to live and work together for about five days to complete ____44____ (plan) tasks and handover work, said the CMSA. The whole process took _____45_____ (approximate) 6.5 hours, the CMSA said. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会主席李华，为了让留学生了解中国传统文化，学生会计划举行唐诗吟诵大赛 (Tang Poetry Recitation Contest)，特邀请学校国际部学生参加，请你根据提示写一则通知，内容包括： 1.大赛的目的； 2.主办方：校学生会； 3.时间、地点。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Notice ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a bad boy in a village in India. At least I was labeled that way because I had no interest in school or studies. I used bad language, hung around with other “bad” boys, skipped school and ran through the fields. No one thought I would do anything worthwhile with my life. And I’d heard many people in our village talking. “Why bother going to school? These kids end up back on the farms anyway. He’ll never amount to anything.” My parents and teachers were disappointed with my average marks. My mother envisioned a different future and knew the value of education to create a better life. By the time I entered the 12th grade, I had taken a good look at myself and realized the life I was creating. The bad boy image troubled me. I didn’t believe I was a bad boy. I didn’t want to be a bad boy. These realizations forced me to acknowledge that my mother was right — education was my only way out. I worked hard to finish my high school, and then I decided to apply for higher education in university. But this village bad boy faced too many challenges. Firstly, my family had very limited money. In addition to that, my grades were not good. There was very little chance I’d gain admission to a university. Still, I took a chance and applied. The last day of admissions, I visited the university to check my result. I looked down the list, and there it was, “Parashram J. Patil”. Finally, I’d been admitted. Now, it was the last day to pay, so I had to find money to cover my fees. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Helpless, I sat outside the department head—Professor Parth’s office. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From then on, things changed. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1—5 BBCAC 6—10 CACCC 11—15 CBABB 16—20 CAABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 秘密★启用前 2024年邵阳市高二联考试题卷 英语 本试卷共10页，67个小题。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡上“贴条形码区”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案写在试题卷上无效。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡，试题卷自行保存。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When did the speakers start talking? A. At 2:50. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:10. 2. What is the man doing? A. Reading a book. B. Watching a movie. C. Working on the computer. 3. Who is the host? A. Thomas. B. Sandra. C. Jerry. 4. What attracts the man about Harvard University? A. Its online classes. B. Its beautiful campus. C. Its high scholarship. 5. Why won't the woman order chocolate ice cream? A. She had a big lunch. B. She wants to keep her jeans clean. C. She is trying to lose weight. 第二节 (共15 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。 6. What does the man ask the garage to do? A. Refill some gas. B. Change the engine. C. Check the air-conditioner. 7. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Make a complaint. B. Get his money back. C. Report to the police. 听第7段材料，回答8至10题。 8. What's the weather like? A. It's snowy. B. It's rainy. C. It's cold. 9. What was the woman good at in high school? A. Running. B. Making up. C. Swimming. 10. What's the woman's idea on running in the gym? A. It's a waste of money. B. It's good for lungs. C. It's not healthy. 听第8段材料, 回答第11 至 14题。 11. For whom is the party held? A. Jane. B. Tom. C. Tom's sister. 12. At what time does the party start? A. 7:30. B. 8:00. C. 10:30. 13. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Ask Jane's father for a ride. B. Watch a film together. C. Invite some friends home. 14. What is the girl going to do next? A. Visit her cousins. B. Telephone Jane. C. Study at home. 听第9段材料, 回答第15 至 17题。 15. What kind of student was the man? A. A dropout. B. An average student. C. An excellent student. 16. What does the man think of Marlene? A. She was a little proud of herself. B. She was really a bookworm. C. She was popular with everyone. 17. What is Marlen e now? A. A manager. B. A cheerleader. C. A football player. 听第10段材料, 回答第18至 20题。 18. How many advantages are mentioned about e-books? A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. 19. What do we know about e-books? A. E-book is short for elected books. B. E-books are friendly to the environment. C. E-books are easy to be made. 20. What can be known from the passage? A. The author of the passage thinks highly of e-books. B. The author of the passage can make excellent e-books. C. People can buy e-books in a bookstore. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Every delicious steak you have ever enjoyed eating started with a good cut of meat. However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging — supermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag. Follow this guide for some advice. Tenderloin (US), Fillet (UK), Eye Fillet (AUS/NZ) A classic cut, the tenderloin comes from the strip of muscle tucked against the backbone of the animal. As this muscle does not do much work, this is the tenderest cut of beef — which also makes it the most expensive, and arguably the most desirable. We say “arguably” because, while the tenderloin is supremely lean and a favorite of those who love their steak to melt in their mouth, it can also be tasteless. Filet mignon, widely referred to as the creme (精华) dela creme of all steak cuts, is cut from the very tip of the tenderloin. Ribeye (US/UK), Scotch fillet (AUS/NZ) This cut, from the rib section of the animal, comes with an abundance of rich marbling. The ribeye won’t give you that same “melt-in-your-mouth” feeling, but it is still one of the tenderest cuts available. Differently, the ribeye is cooked with the bone in, while the Scotch fillet is not. Strip (US), Sirloin (UK), Porterhouse (AUS/NZ) Coming from the hindquarter of the animal, the strip is not quite as tender as the tenderloin, or loaded with quite as much flavor as the ribeye, but for many steak lovers, it is just right. The best part is that because this all-rounder has a bit more chew and a bit less marbling than those cuts, it tends to be less expensive. T-bone Can’t decide between the tenderloin and the strip? Why not both? The T-bone is cut with strip on one side of a bone, and tenderloin on the other. With two very different textures (口感) and flavors, the T-bone gets the best of both worlds, but it can also be more difficult to cook. The meat closer to the bone is slower to cook than the rest of the steak. 1. What can we know about the steaks from the passage? A. It usually takes little time to cook T-bone. B. All things considered, Ribeye is the best. C. A good cut only means the most expensive one. D. It's not a piece of cake to pick a perfect cut. 2. What makes the tenderloin the most expensive part among the steak? A. Different textures. B. The tenderest cut. C. Rich marbling. D. Much flavor. 3. Where can the passage be taken from? A A science daily. B. An agricultural journal. C. A food magazine. D. A reading website. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了挑选牛排时不同部位的特点，包括里脊、肋眼、里脊条和 T 骨牛排等，为读者提供了挑选牛排的相关知识。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging—supermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag.(然而，挑选完美的牛排部位可能具有挑战性——超市里充满了各种选择，而且不像简单地选择价格最高的那么直接)”可知，挑选完美的牛排部位并非易事。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Tenderloin (US), Fillet (UK), Eye Fillet (AUS/NZ)”部分中“As this muscle does not do much work, this is the tenderest cut of beef—which also makes it the most expensive, and arguably the most desirable(由于这块肌肉活动量不大，这是最嫩的牛肉——这也使其成为最昂贵的，可能也是最令人向往的)”可知，里脊是最嫩的肉，这使其成为最贵的。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, picking that perfect cut can be challenging — upermarkets are flooded with options, and it is not as straightforward as simply choosing the one with the highest price tag.(然而，挑选完美的牛排部位可能具有挑战性——超市里充满了各种选择，而且不像简单地选择价格最高的那么直接)”、“Tenderloin (US), Fillet (UK), Eye Fillet (AUS/NZ) ( 牛里脊（美国），菲力牛排（英国），眼肉牛排（澳大利亚/新西兰）)”、“Ribeye (US/UK), Scotch fillet (AUS/NZ)( 肋眼牛排（美国/英国），苏格兰菲力（澳大利亚/新西兰）)”、“Strip (US), Sirloin (UK), Porterhouse (AUS/NZ)( 西冷牛排（美国），西冷（英国），波特豪斯（澳大利亚/新西兰）)”以及“T-bone(T骨牛排)”可知，文章详细介绍了介绍了不同种类的牛排的特点，与食物相关，所以最有可能出自美食杂志。故选C项。 B My parents had been married less than two years when my dad was diagnosed with ALS. Making a decision regarding whether or not to start a family was difficult at the time, but due to their faith and positive outlook, they chose to do so. Had they not shared the same optimism, my older brother John would not be here, and I would not be writing this today. To say that I am thankful for their decision is an understatement. My dad has had a long battle with ALS and is still fighting after 26 years. As a child, my parents did everything in their power to keep things as normal as possible for my brother and me. Unfortunately, I have very few memories of my dad when he was still able to walk because of how young I was when he lost that ability. However, I can confidently say that as a girl, my childhood felt completely normal. Our friends came over a lot. John and I were very involved in sports, and my parents were at every game. ALS isn’t just a deadly disease — it is incurable. Most patients do not live even close to 26 years like my father has been able to. ALS is also a lonely disease, for both the patients and caregivers, as they go through hardships those around them will rarely understand. My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her. Dad is the strongest person I know. He has overcome his physical limitations due to how strong he is mentally. Every day is a battle, and every day he fights hard. He truly believes every day is a gift. Some days are worse than others, but he would rarely ley you know. It takes a certain kind of faith, will, ambition, and strength to handle such a desperate diagnosis, and he has never faltered (退缩). 4. How does the author feel about her parents’ choice of starting a family? A. Grateful. B. Indifferent. C. Angry. D. Regretful. 5. What does the author intend to stress about her parents in Paragraph 2? A. Their optimistic attitude. B. Their family values. C. Their love for children. D. Their difficult situations. 6. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s mom? A. Determined and caring. B. Humorous and knowledgeable. C. Talented and demanding. D. Generous and strict. 7. What can be concluded from the family’s story? A. Hardships and difficulties are unavoidable in life. B. One has to learn to shoulder responsibility courageously. C. The presence of parents is important to children’s development. D. Inner strength and family support can help overcome physical limitations. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸被诊断出患有渐冻症时，父母结婚还不到两年。但是在作者和哥哥的成长过程中，父母尽全力地陪伴与关爱，让作者和哥哥的成长环境并没有缺失。作者的妈妈坚定而有爱心，爸爸坚强而勇敢，内在的力量和家庭的支持帮助父亲克服了身体上的限制。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句和第四句“Had they not shared the same optimism, my older brother John would not be here, and I would not be writing this today. To say that I am thankful for their decision is an understatement.(如果他们没有同样的乐观，我的哥哥约翰就不会在这里，我也就不会在今天写这篇文章。我对他们的决定表示感谢远远不够。)”可知，作者对父母选择组建家庭感到非常感恩。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“As a child, my parents did everything in their power to keep things as normal as possible for my brother and me.(在我还是个孩子的时候，父母尽其所能让我和哥哥的生活尽可能正常。)”和最后三句“However, I can confidently say that as a girl, my childhood felt completely normal. Our friends came over a lot. John and I were very involved in sports, and my parents were at every game.(然而，我可以自信地说，作为一个女孩，我的童年感觉完全正常。我们的朋友经常来。约翰和我都很喜欢运动，我父母每场比赛都去看。)”可知，作者在第二段中着重描写了父母对作者和哥哥成长的陪伴与关爱。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her.(我妈妈是他的主要照顾者，我和弟弟尽我们所能帮助他。她是一位了不起的母亲和妻子，是我们家庭的支柱，没有她，我们就没有今天。)”可知，作者的妈妈很坚定，有爱心。故选A。 7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第三段最后两句“My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her.(我妈妈是他的主要照顾者，我和弟弟尽我们所能帮助他。她是一位了不起的母亲和妻子，是我们家庭的支柱，没有她，我们就没有今天。)”和最后一段前两句“Dad is the strongest person I know. He has overcome his physical limitations due to how strong he is mentally.(爸爸是我认识的最坚强的人。他克服了身体上的限制，因为他的精神非常强大。)”可知，尽管作者的爸爸得了渐冻症，家庭受到重创，但妈妈的坚定和爱心，爸爸的坚强和勇敢撑起了这个家，让作者和哥哥健康成长。由此得出：内在的力量和家庭的支持可以帮助克服外在的限制。故选D。 C When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives. Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more fear than good in the algorithmic (算法的) age. But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel's mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI's capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination. A principle of privacy rules is “minimization”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes. Ms Lobel's call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy (正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency (透明) over algorithmic decisions. The problems with algorithmic formulae (公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.” Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating (模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is mistaken; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature. Ms Thompson calls on data geeks (高手) to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.” Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It's always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.” 8. What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A. The Algorithm is positive. B. The Algorithm is prospective. C. The Algorithm is complex. D. The Algorithm is recognizable. 9. What does Ms Lobel intend to convey? A. Minimization is a good privacy rule to go by B. Employing more personal data should be encouraged C. Algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy D. Identifying algorithms' problems leads to better outcomes 10. What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”? A. It develops from Butterfly Effect. B. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty. C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field. D. It emphasizes accuracy of original data. 11. Which of the following does the writers of the two books probably agree? A. Using algorithms to detect differences is hard. B. The application of data and algorithms is limited. C. The reliability of data should be attached importance to. D. Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在这个数据时代，人们总是对算法存有恐惧，但是科学家们却持有不同的观点。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel's mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges Al's capacity to produce harmful results. But she show show, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination. (但思想潮流可能正在转变。更平衡的观点最有说服力的支持者之一是埃莉诺·洛贝尔的母亲Orly，她是一名法学教授。在《平等机器》一书中，她承认人工智能有能力产生有害的结果。但她展示了它在正确的人手中如何用来对抗不平等和歧视。)”可以推断出算法给人类带来的好的一面。故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Ms Lobel's call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness. “She advocates loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明) over algorithmic decisions.( Lobel女士呼吁更多而不是更少地使用个人信息，这挑战了数据隐私的正统观念。但她坚持认为，“追踪差异是发现不公平的关键。”她主张放松隐私规则，为算法决策提供更多的透明度)”可知，她想表达的是鼓励更多地使用个人信息。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第七段“Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is mistaken; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.(汤普森女士专注于一个她称之为“霍克蛾效应”的挑战。在更广为人知的蝴蝶效应中，一个可用的气候变化预测模型随着时间的推移变得不那么可靠，因为它所模拟的内容很复杂，或者因为原始数据不准确。相比之下，在“霍克蛾效应”中，模型本身就有缺陷；它可能没有充分考虑到湿度、风和温度之间的相互作用。)”可知，文中提到“霍克蛾效应”是为了表明模型本身是有缺陷的。故选 B。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding.(这两本书都展示了关于数据、算法及其局限性的健康现实主义。双方都认识到，取得进步需要接受限制，无论是在法律上还是在编码上。)”可知，两人都赞同想要改进算法就得接受其不完美的方面。故选D。 D Once the red wolf’s historic range stretched from Long Island to Missouri and down to the Texas-Mexico border. But by 1972 their population was reduced to a small area along the Gulf coast due to habitat loss and hunting. To conserve the species, 14 individuals were caught as part of a reproducing program. In 1980 their wild relatives were declared extinct — the caught wolves were all that was left and thus lots of genetic variation was lost. You can’t help it when you have so few founders. Kristin Brzeski is an assistant professor at Michigan Technological University, whose research focuses on the conservation of genetics of wild animal populations. He thought this work had been an underdog scientifically and for conservation, for all wolves decreased in amount dramatically, especially the red wolves. Now, Brzeski and her co-workers have found a surprising new pool of red wolf genes that might help bring more diversity to the tiny population: they found the disappearing genes of red wolves in wild coyote populations. But why did this happen? Remember: when a population is dying out, it might find the closest related species as their own best mate, so a red wolf and a coyote can have offspring. As a result, people can rediscover their genes in their coyote hybrid offspring. As red wolves are released back into the wild, reproducing with these coyotes could help the critically endangered species regain some of its genetic diversity. This would be kind of the opposite direction: take the existing small population that still has red wolf genes that are so critical, and put them into a wild landscape with new genetic variation that they haven’t seen for 50 years or more. And all of a sudden, hopefully, this is like a super mix of genetic health and sort of a rebound that these animals can be wild and be themselves again. The next step will include how to release red wolves in a way that takes advantage of the genes red wolves hiding in coyote populations. There should be a philosophy in our mind that we created this problem, so we should be responsible for fixing it. 12. Why was much genetic variation of the red wolves lost? A. Their habitat loss. B. Their limited number. C. Their relatives’ extinction. D. Their poor adaptability. 13. What does the underlined word “underdog” in Para.3 mean? A. Failure. B. Success. C. Breakthrough. D. Dilemma. 14. What is Brzeski’s attitude to releasing red wolves into the wild? A. Disappointed. B. Favorable. C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. A promising way to save red wolves B. Red wolves — an endangered species C. Wild coyotes — red wolves’ perfect match D. An unknown future to protect red wolves 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红狼的数量减少，导致基因变异消失。对此人们采取将有限的红狼放归野外，让它们与郊狼繁殖，留下红狼的基因以此来保护这一物种。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1980 their wild relatives were declared extinct — the caught wolves were all that was left and thus lots of genetic variation was lost.(1980年，它们的野生近亲被宣布灭绝——只剩下被捕获的狼，因此许多基因变异消失了)”可知，红狼的很多基因变异消失是因为数量有限。故选B。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“for all wolves decreased in amount dramatically, especially the red wolves”可知，因为所有狼的数量都急剧减少，特别是红狼，所以他们认为这项工作在科学和保护方面是失败。故画线词意思是“失败”。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“As red wolves are released back into the wild, reproducing with these coyotes could help the critically endangered species regain some of its genetic diversity.(随着红狼被放归野外，与这些土狼繁殖可以帮助这种极度濒危的物种恢复一些基因多样性)”可推知，Brzeski对将红狼放归野外是支持态度。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To conserve the species, 14 individuals were caught as part of a reproducing program. In 1980 their wild relatives were declared extinct — the caught wolves were all that was left and thus lots of genetic variation was lost. You can’t help it when you have so few founders.(为了保护这个物种，作为繁殖计划的一部分，14只个体被捕获。1980年，它们的野生近亲被宣布灭绝——只剩下被捕获的狼，因此许多基因变异消失了。创始狼这么少，你也没办法)”和倒数第三段“Remember: when a population is dying out, it might find the closest related species as their own best mate, so a red wolf and a coyote can have offspring. As a result, people can rediscover their genes in their coyote hybrid offspring. As red wolves are released back into the wild, reproducing with these coyotes could help the critically endangered species regain some of its genetic diversity.(记住：当一个种群灭绝时，它可能会找到亲缘关系最近的物种作为自己的最佳配偶，这样红狼和郊狼就可以有后代了。因此，人们可以在他们的郊狼杂交后代身上重新发现他们的基因。随着红狼被放归野外，与这些郊狼一起繁殖可能有助于这种极度濒危的物种重新获得一些基因多样性)”结合文章主要说明了红狼的数量减少，导致基因变异消失。对此人们采取将有限的红狼放归野外，让它们与郊狼繁殖，留下红狼的基因以此来保护这一物种。可知，A选项“一个拯救红狼的有希望的方法”最符合文章标题。故选A。 第二节 (共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every New Year, thousands decide they’re going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous. ____16____. Not aiming high enough. While it’s easy to think setting easy goals will keep you motivated, it may harm your long-term motivation. If you make goals that are too achievable, you’ll get bored and lose interest. ____17____. If you’re used to staying within your comfort zone, you'll be missing out on the satisfaction of achieving a life-changing goal. When you push yourself, you'll be able to build unshakable confidence as you achieve goal after goal. ____18____. This is a fear many of us deal with. Instead of taking action, we start worrying about “ What if?” “What if it doesn’t work out? What if my dream isn’t truly my dream? What if I don’t succeed?” If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life. ____19____. You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, “ What would my ideal life look like?” Letting fear control your mind and actions. Fear can prevent you from achieving your dreams. You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don’t learn how to manage your fears. ____20____ . One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear. With deep introspection (反省), you can uncover the exact moment when those fears are holding you back from growing. This will give you a window of opportunity to communicate with your inner being and find release. A. Lacking self-confidence B. Being uncertain about the future C. Fortunately, fear can be overcome D. Below you’ll find some common reasons why you’re losing motivation E. Many of us are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure F. Ideally, you want to strike a balance between pushing yourself and creating realistic goals G. However, when you find your purpose and passion, you’ll be driven to struggle for excellence 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致我们失去动力的常见原因以及如何去分别克服它们。 【16题详解】 根据第一段的前两句“Every New Year, thousands decide they're going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous.（每年的新年，成千上万的人决定要改变他们的生活，但实际上只有不到10%的人坚持自己的计划。）”可知，本段在说明多数人难以坚持自己的计划。根据设空处的下一段的第一句“Not aiming high enough.（目标不够高）”可知，文章接下来是说明原因。故D项“下面你会发现一些导致你失去动力的常见原因”符合题意。故选D项。 【17题详解】 根据设空的前一句“If you make goals that are too achievable, you'll get bored and lose interest.（如果你制定的目标太过容易实现，你会感到无聊，失去兴趣。）”可知，本段在讲述目标过低的情况。F项“理想情况下，你需要在督促自己和设定现实目标之间取得平衡”与空前一句联系紧密，并与下文中的 “push yourself（推动自己）”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据文章的结构可知，此空位于段首，应是主题句。根据下文中的“worrying about（担忧）”和段中多次提到的“What if（假若……怎么办）”可知，本段介绍的是不确定的情况，故B项“对未来不确定”符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据设空前一句“If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life.（如果你在设立愿景方面有困难，那么你就有可能在生活中漫无目的。）”和设空后一句“You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, " What would my ideal life look like?"（你可以通过问自己“我的理想生活是什么样子的？”来开始探索你的人生目标）”可推断，空处是过渡句，承上启下。G项“然而，当你找到自己的目标和激情时，你就会被驱使着去追求卓越” 中的“purpose（目标）”与设空后的“life purpose（人生目标）”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据设空前一句“You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don't learn how to manage your fears.（如果你不学会控制自己的恐惧，你将会错过生活中的机会。）”和设空后一句“One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear.（管理恐惧的一种方法是寻找恐惧的根源。）”可推知，设空处应是关于管理或克服恐惧的内容，故选C项“幸运的是，恐惧是可以克服的”符合上下文语境。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15 小题；每小题1分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I think of my childhood, I remember cycling with my friends and buying orange candies, but most of all, going home to see my grandma waiting at the doorstep and asking, “How was your day, bunny?” Nana (I call my grandma Nana) saw me ___21___. She left me many great memories. She told me stories of the fairies and princesses but also of the wars and how she ___22___ those days. Nana was born during the Second World War with a very different lifestyle and childhood from me. She didn’t get education. In fact, she had to help with the housework. Even when her siblings (兄弟姐妹) got the ___23___ to learn, she would only watch them read and write. But she never___24___. That is the most important lesson she had taught me. She taught me to be ___25___ whatever things I had in my life. When I ___26___ to be selected in my school's cheerleading team, I was very upset, but she made me realize that, if not in the cheerleading team, something else was out there in the world that was going to happen to me, and it did. I ___27___ a state-level gymnast. As years went by, Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) ate her from the inside. The ___28___ who once refused to call me by any name but her “little bunny”, now didn’t even remember what my ___29___was. Soon, she forgot who I was until I sang Frank Sinatra's Fly Me to the Moon. The tiny spark (火花) of ____30____ in her eyes was what I ____31____. The little glimmer (微光) in her eyes meant that I was her “bunny” once again. One day, the glimmer ____32____ disappeared from her eyes and that was the day when I knew I had lost my nana. On her last day on this earth, as I sat beside her bed watching her fall in and out of____33____, I heard her hum Fly Me to the Moon ____34____. That was the last time when I heard her ____35____,but I will keep it in my heart forever. Nana took a piece of my childhood with her when she left. She is my world, and I know she is proud of me. 21. A. grow up B. look out C. look up D. work out 22. A. forgot B. celebrated C. survived D. calculated 23. A. invitation B. law C. burden D. opportunity 24. A. complained B. cried C. struggled D. argued 25. A. eager for B. upset about C. grateful for D. curious about 26. A. pretended B. failed C. wished D. managed 27. A. trained B. got C. needed D. became 28. A. woman B. master C. neighbour D. colleague 29. A. address B. job C. hobby D. name 30. A. ambition B. separation C. recognition D. permission 31. A. occupied B. expected C. represented D. seized 32. A. hardly B. usually C. completely D. slightly 33. A. sight B. style C. service D. sleep 34. A. loudly B. beautifully C. weakly D. fluently 35. A. voice B. story C. laughter D. praise 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和奶奶即Nana的深厚情感以及从她那里学到的人生道理。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：奶奶看着我长大。A. grow up长大；B. look out当心；C. look up查阅；D. work out解决。根据下文“She left me many great memories.”可知，奶奶见证了我的成长，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给我讲仙女和公主的故事，也讲战争以及她是如何熬过那些日子的。A. forgot忘记；B. celebrated庆祝；C. survived幸存，熬过；D. calculated计算。根据上文“but also of the wars”，奶奶经历了战争时期，此处应是讲述如何度过那段艰难时光，故选C。 23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至当她的兄弟姐妹有机会学习时，她只能看着他们读写。A. invitation邀请；B. law法律；C. burden负担；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“to learn”可知，此处指兄弟姐妹有学习的机会，而奶奶没有，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她从不抱怨。A. complained抱怨；B. cried哭泣；C. struggled挣扎；D. argued争论。根据上文“to learn, she would only watch them read and write”可知，尽管奶奶没有学习的机会，但她没有抱怨，这给作者树立了榜样，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：她教我要感恩生活中所拥有的一切。A. eager for渴望；B. upset about对……感到沮丧；C. grateful for对……感激；D. curious about对……好奇。根据下文“I was very upset, but she made me realize that, if not in the cheerleading team, something else was out there in the world that was going to happen to me”，可知，奶奶让作者学会不要抱怨，如果生活中不能如愿，一定会有其他事情发生，可推理出此处表达的是作者的奶奶教给作者要感恩所拥有的，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我没能入选学校的啦啦队时，我非常沮丧，但她让我意识到，如果不能选进啦啦队，世界上还有其他事情会发生在我身上，事实确实如此。A. pretended假装；B. failed失败，未能；C. wished希望；D. managed设法完成。根据下文“I was very upset”，可知作者很难过，可推理出作者没能入选啦啦队，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成为了一名国家级的体操运动员。A. trained训练；B. got得到；C. needed需要；D. became成为。根据下文“a state-level gymnast”可知，此处指作者最终成为了国家级的体操运动员，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个曾经除了叫我“小兔子”之外拒绝用任何名字称呼我的女人，现在甚至不记得我的名字了。A. woman女人；B. master主人；C. neighbour邻居；D. colleague同事。根据上文“As years went by, Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症) ate her from the inside.”可知，这里指的是奶奶，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. address地址；B. job工作；C. hobby爱好；D. name名字。根据上文“who once refused to call me by any name but her “little bunny””可知，奶奶之前称呼作者为小兔子，因得了老年痴呆症，不记得作者的名字了，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她眼中那一丝认出我的火花正是我所期待的。A. ambition雄心；B. separation分离；C. recognition认出，识别；D. permission允许。根据上文“she forgot who I was”可知，奶奶忘记了作者是谁，作者期待奶奶认出作者，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. occupied占据；B. expected期待；C. represented代表；D. seized抓住。根据下文“The little glimmer (微光) in her eyes meant that I was her “bunny” once again”可知，奶奶的眼中闪现了一丝辨认出作者的火花，这是作者期待的，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她眼中的微光完全消失了，就在那一天，我知道我失去了奶奶。A. hardly几乎不；B. usually通常；C. completely完全地；D. slightly轻微地。根据下文“that was the day when I knew I had lost my nana”可知，作者失去了奶奶，所以此处指奶奶眼中的微光完全消失了，故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她在这个世界上的最后一天，当我坐在她床边看着她时而睡着时而醒来时，我听到她微弱地哼着《带我飞向月球》。A. sight视力；B. style风格；C. service服务；D. sleep睡觉。根据上文“as I sat beside her bed”可知，作者坐在奶奶的病床边，可推理出此处说的是奶奶睡睡醒醒，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. loudly大声地；B. beautifully美丽地；C. weakly虚弱地；D. fluently流利地。根据上文“On her last day on this earth”可知，奶奶临终，哼唱声音微弱，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是我最后一次听到她的声音，但我会永远铭记在心。A. voice声音；B. story故事；C. laughter笑声；D. praise赞扬。根据上文“I heard her hum Fly Me to the Moon”可知，此处指听到奶奶的哼唱声，故选 A。 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 根据下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 BEIJING, Nov. 30(Xinhua)—The three astronauts aboard China’s Shenzhou-15 spaceship entered the country’s space station and successfully met with another astronaut trio on Wednesday, a historic ____36____ (gather) that added the manpower at the in-orbit space lab to six for ____37____ first time. It is the first time that Chinese astronauts aboard the space station ____38____ (see) the visit of a crewed spaceship, according to the CMSA. Chen Dong, the commander of the Shenzhou-14 crew, opened the hatch at 7: 33 a. m. (Beijing Time). The three space station occupants greeted the new arrivals with warm hugs ____39____ then they took a group picture ____40____ their thumbs up, ____41____ shouted in chorus—“China’s space station is always worth ____42____ (look) forward to.” The space reunion ____43____ (kick) off the first in-orbit crew rotation in China’s space station, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The six astronauts are projected to live and work together for about five days to complete ____44____ (plan) tasks and handover work, said the CMSA. The whole process took _____45_____ (approximate) 6.5 hours, the CMSA said. 【答案】36. gathering 37. the 38. have seen 39. and 40. with 41. who 42. looking 43. kicked 44. planned 45. approximately 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国神舟15号飞船上的三名宇航员进入中国空间站，并成功与另一名宇航员三人组会面，首次将在轨空间实验室的人力增加到六人。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：北京，11月30日（新华社）——周三，中国神舟15号飞船上的三名宇航员进入中国空间站，并成功与另一名宇航员三人组会面，这是一次历史性的聚会，首次将在轨空间实验室的人力增加到六人。空处由形容词historic修饰，应填其名词形式gathering，表示“聚会，聚集”，由a可知，应用单数。故填gathering。 【37题详解】 考查定冠词。句意：北京，11月30日(新华社)——周三，中国神舟15号飞船上的三名宇航员进入中国空间站，并成功与另一名宇航员三人组会面，这是一次历史性的聚会，首次将在轨空间实验室的人力增加到六人。此处for the first time为固定搭配，表示“第一次，首次”。故填the。 【38题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：据CMSA介绍，这是中国宇航员第一次在空间站上看到载人飞船的访问。It is the first time that……为固定句型，that引导的主语从句必须用现在完成时，且空处谓语要与其主语 Chinese astronauts保持一致，用复数。故填have seen。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：空间站的三名宇航员热情拥抱了新来的宇航员，然后他们竖起大拇指合影留念，齐声喊道：“中国的空间站永远值得期待。”根据句意可知，空处需要连词连接前后两句话，且The three space station occupants greeted the new arrivals with warm hugs和then they took a group picture之间是并列关系，所以填并列连词and。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：空间站的三名宇航员热情拥抱了新来的宇航员，然后他们竖起大拇指合影留念，齐声喊道：“中国的空间站永远值得期待。”分析句子可知，空处涉及with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，此处表伴随，符合语境。故填with。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：空间站的三名宇航员热情拥抱了新来的宇航员，然后他们竖起大拇指合影留念，齐声喊道：“中国的空间站永远值得期待。”分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替先行词they ，指人，并在从句中作主语，所以应填关系代词who。故填who。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：空间站的三名宇航员热情拥抱了新来的宇航员，然后他们竖起大拇指合影留念，齐声喊道：“中国的空间站永远值得期待。”空处涉及固定结构be worth doing……，表示“值得做某事”，所以空处应填looking。故填looking。 【43题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：据中国载人航天局（CMSA）介绍，这次太空团聚拉开了中国空间站首次在轨机组人员轮换的序幕。分析句子可知，本句描述的是过去发生的事实，所以空处谓语动词应填其一般过去时形式kicked。其中kick off为固定搭配，表示“开始”。故填kicked。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：CMSA表示，六名宇航员预计将在一起生活和工作约五天，以完成计划的任务和交接工作。空处修饰名词tasks ，应填其形容词形式planned作定语，表示“根据计划的”，符合语境。故填planned。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：CMSA表示，整个过程耗时约6.5小时。空处修饰动词took作状语，应填副词approximately，表示“大约”。故填approximately。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是学生会主席李华，为了让留学生了解中国传统文化，学生会计划举行唐诗吟诵大赛 (Tang Poetry Recitation Contest)，特邀请学校国际部学生参加，请你根据提示写一则通知，内容包括： 1.大赛的目的； 2.主办方：校学生会； 3.时间、地点。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Notice ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Notice Do you want to have a further knowledge of Chinese culture? Here comes your opportunity: the Student Union will organize a Tang Poetry Recitation Contest. I'd like to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. Each participant is required to recite a Tang poem or a Song lyric poem within 5 minutes. If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. I’d love it if you could accept my invitation. Best wishes! Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，为了让留学生了解中国传统文化，学生会计划举行唐诗吟诵大赛，特邀请学校国际部学生参加，请你根据提示写一则通知。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→organize 比赛：contest→competition 帮助：help→assist 报名：sign up→enroll 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. 拓展句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” which will be held in our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. (运用了过去分词作状语) 【高分句型2】If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第二节 (满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a bad boy in a village in India. At least I was labeled that way because I had no interest in school or studies. I used bad language, hung around with other “bad” boys, skipped school and ran through the fields. No one thought I would do anything worthwhile with my life. And I’d heard many people in our village talking. “Why bother going to school? These kids end up back on the farms anyway. He’ll never amount to anything.” My parents and teachers were disappointed with my average marks. My mother envisioned a different future and knew the value of education to create a better life. By the time I entered the 12th grade, I had taken a good look at myself and realized the life I was creating. The bad boy image troubled me. I didn’t believe I was a bad boy. I didn’t want to be a bad boy. These realizations forced me to acknowledge that my mother was right — education was my only way out. I worked hard to finish my high school, and then I decided to apply for higher education in university. But this village bad boy faced too many challenges. Firstly, my family had very limited money. In addition to that, my grades were not good. There was very little chance I’d gain admission to a university. Still, I took a chance and applied. The last day of admissions, I visited the university to check my result. I looked down the list, and there it was, “Parashram J. Patil”. Finally, I’d been admitted. Now, it was the last day to pay, so I had to find money to cover my fees. 注意： 1.续写词数应150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Helpless, I sat outside the department head—Professor Parth’s office. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From then on, things changed. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version Helpless, I sat outside the department head—Professor Parth’s office. Head held in my hands, I contained my tears, thinking that my dreams of higher education would finish there. Perhaps my teachers and the whole village were right. “I wouldn’t amount to anything.” Seeing me sitting there sad, Professor Parth invited me in. When he heard the situation of mine, Professor Parth remained silent for a while. Then he promised to lend me money to pay the fees, believing I could have a bright future. I felt too grateful to say a word. From then on, things changed. I was able to shake off the bad boy image. Everyone in the university had a purpose. Being in that atmosphere forced me to think bigger. Every time I was stuck in a difficult situation, Professor Parth’s encouraging words would echo in my mind. It was his kindness and faith in me that inspired me to go on. He helped a bad village boy turn his life around. Sometimes, kindness may be powerful enough to make a real difference. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者曾经是一个村里的坏孩子，因为作者对学校和学习没有兴趣，说粗话，和其他“坏”男孩混在一起，逃课。作者在母亲的教育下，努力完成了高中学业。虽然最后被大学录取，但是作者家没有钱，这时系主任主动帮助了作者，作者也因此发生了改变，摆脱了坏男孩的形象。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“无奈之下，我坐在系主任帕思教授的办公室外面”可知，第一段可描写作者因为没钱上学很伤心，而系主任答应借钱给作者付学费。 ②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，事情发生了变化”可知，第二段可描写作者的变化以及对此经历的感悟。 2.续写线索：没钱上学——在办公室外面伤心——系主任借钱——作者感激——作者改变——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①摆脱：shake off/get rid of ②克制：contain/hold back ③能够：be able to/be capable of 情绪类 ①感谢：grateful/thankful ②强大：powerful/mighty 【点睛】[高分句型1] When he heard the situation of mine, Professor Parth remained silent for a while. (运用了when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] It was his kindness and faith in me that inspired me to go on. (运用了强调句) 听力1—5 BBCAC 6—10 CACCC 11—15 CBABB 16—20 CAABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$