Module 11 Unit 1 知识点课件 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语上册

M11u1 知识讲解 情态动词后面 + 动词原形 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 1 I can not play basketball. I need buy / bought a computer. 2 She can / cans ride a horse. Amy need / needs buy a book. --- --- --- --- 3 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not" I can play / played basketball. --- 知识讲解 can (能) 用法: ① 表示能力 : He can speak a little English. Can you fly? ③ 表示请求或允许 : Can I help you? ② 表示猜测 : That can not be our English teacher, because she has gone to Shanghai . could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句， 不可用于肯定句，答语应用can Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.） { { { 注意 { 知识讲解 用法: ①表示请求或允许 : May I go home，please? (1)以may（表许可或请求）开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustn't或can't. (2)在疑问句中不用于第二人称 ② 表示可能性 : You may be right. No, you _________ { { may (可以) Yes, you may. 注意 might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may， 语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 You might be right. might mustn’t / you can’t. 知识讲解 试比较 : ● You may not smoke here．(不可以) 语气轻 ● You can’t smoke here．（不能）重 ● You mustn’t smoke here．（决不可）最重 can't may not mustn't ↓ 知识讲解 用法: 既可以做情态动词, 也可以做实意动词 ② 实意动词 (need to do sth) : ① 情态动词 (need do sth) I need buy a big house. need (需要) He need drive me home. Do I need to buy a big house ? He needs to buy a big house. Need I buy a big house ? -- Yes, you must. -- No, you needn’t / don’t have to. (不必要) -- Yes, you do. /-- No, you don’t. { { 知识讲解 用法: ② 表示推测“肯定，一定”: ① 表示义务、必要或命令 : You must come early tomorrow． ---Must I finish my homework first? They must be at home. The light is on. --- Yes, you must. --- No, you don't have to/ needn't. { must (必须) 注意 must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don‘t have to 或needn’t 。而不用mustn't mustn't (禁止) ③ 否定时表示 “禁止” : You mustn’t smoke here. 知识讲解 had better意为“最好”，表示建议和劝告， 简略式为‘d better，否定式为had better not， 后面跟动词原形。 You had better go to see a doctor. You’d better not stay here. had better (最好) 知识讲解 must 的用法 1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为 “必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must，否定回答要用needn’t，意思是“不必”；must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。 知识讲解 e.g. —Must I finish the task right now? —No, you needn’t. 我必须现在就完成任务吗？ 不，你不需要。 You mustn’t come here without permission. 没有允许你不准来这。 知识讲解 2) 表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句中， 意为 “一定是，必然……”。 Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital. ( 现在的猜测 ) 你的妹妹现在一定在这家医院当医生。 He must be reading newspapers in the reading room now.（正在进行的猜测） 他现在肯定正在阅读室看报纸。 知识讲解 have to 与must的区别 两都都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。 e.g. All passengers must wear seat belts. 所有乘客都要系安全带。 My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school. 昨天我的自行车坏了，所以我只能走路去学校。 知识讲解 用法: It’s eleven o’clock . I have to go now . It was getting dark. He had to finish the work first . I don’t have to go now . He doesn’t have to finish the work first. have to (必须) 注意 have to 表示客观因素 We are very glad at the party , but it’s 11 , so we have to leave now . must 表示主观因素 We must study hard to find a good job for ourselves . must (必须) 知识讲解 My brother was very ill, so I call the doctor in the middle of the night. He said that they work hard. You don't have to tell him about it. You mustn't tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 你一定不要把这件事告诉他 . have to must had to must 区别 } 知识讲解 can 的用法 can的否定形式为cannot，缩写为can't。 1) 表示能力 e.g. I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。 Can you drive？ 你会开车吗？ 知识讲解 注意： can表示能力可与be able to互换使用，且后者有更多的时态，be able to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。 e.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months. 他们将在未来的三个月自己操作这个机器。 知识讲解 2) 表示可能性，意思是：可以，可能。 e.g. That big cinema can seat 2,000 people. 那个大影院可以坐2000人。 He can be very friendly at times. 他有时可能非常友善。 知识讲解 3) 表示允诺，意思是：可以，能够。 e.g. You can have the book when I have finished it. 在我读完这本书后，你可以看。 Can I use your pen? 我能用下你的笔吗？ 知识讲解 4) 表示惊异、不相信、猜测等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中），意思是:会，可能。 e.g. This can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。 Can it be true？ 这能成真吗？ What a surprise! 1 该句话是what引导的感叹句，使用了感叹句句式。 What + a/an + 名词 + （主语 +谓语 ）！ what引导的感叹句 拓展 1). What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词单数 +（主语 +谓语）！ What a lovely girl she is! 2). What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/名词复数 +（主语 +谓语）！ What hot water it is! What beautiful flowers they are! What a surprise! 2 surprise 用作名词，意为“惊奇；意外之事”，可构成短语：to one’s surprise “让某人吃惊的是”，in surprise “惊奇地，吃惊地”。 surprise的其他用法 拓展 1). 用作动词，意为“使（某人）吃惊”。 His words surprised me. 2). 加-ed或-ing构成形容词，surprised意为“感到意外的”，用于修饰人，surprising意为“令人惊讶的”，用于修饰物。 知识讲解 Here’s your gift. 3 该句话是here引导的倒装句，使用了完全倒装句句式。 Here + 动词 + 主语. here/there引导的倒装句 拓展 在英语中，为了强调位置，常使用here/there引导的倒装句。当主语由名词充当时，句子使用完全倒装；当主语由代词充当时，句子使用部分倒装。 Here it is. 它在这儿。（代词做主语） Here comes my mother. 我妈妈来了。（名词做主语） 知识讲解 I don’t think I should open it now. 4 该句话使用了否定前置，当I think引导的宾语从句是否定句时，通常将否定转移到主句的位置上，我们称之为否定前置或否定前移。 适用于否定前移的情况 拓展 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是believe，suppose，think等，主句的人称是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，从句的否定词就可以前移到主句。 知识讲解 In China, you accept a gift with both hands. 5 accept 用作及物动词，意为“收受；接受”，后接名词或代词做宾语。 accept 和 receive 的区别 辨析 accept 表示主观上经过考虑，愿意接受。 receive 表示客观上“收到”，不包含主观上是否接受的意思。 we usually don’t pay much attention to that. 我们通常不太重视那个。 pay attention to 注意；专心；集中注意力。 同义表达：take care of, be careful e.g. I never seem to be able to pay attention to our teacher. 我似乎向来就没法去注意我们的老师。 We've got to take care of him. 我们说好要照顾他的。 His mother told him to be careful again and again. 他的妈妈一再告诉他要细心。 6 知识讲解 You must only use red paper for hongbao because red means luck. must表示“必须”，后面加动词原形。 mustn’t表示“禁止，一定不要” e.g. You must go to school on time. 你必须按时上学。 7 知识讲解 For example, in my home town, people say you mustn’t do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival. 8 for example 意为“例如”，一般只以同类人或事物中的 一个为例，可在句中做插入语，用逗号与前后隔开，也可置于句首或句末。 For example, he is very lovely. He, for example, is very lovely. He is very lovely, for example. 9. you’d better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month. 你最好不要在正月里剪头发。 you’d better do sth. 最好做某事 you’d better not do sth 最好不要做某事 You'd better make sure how much the sofa is. 你最好弄清楚那沙发到底多少钱。 You'd better not mention the matter when you talk with him. 和他谈话时,最好不要提这件事。 9 知识讲解 And you’d better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month. 10 have your hair cut 用作固定搭配，意为“（让别人给你）理发”，cut是过去分词形式。在英语中“have + 宾语 + 过去分词 ” 表示“让某人做某事”，宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的动宾关系，宾语补足语所表示的动作常由他人（非主语本身）来完成，因而含有被动意义。 He wants to have the meat eaten. 11. You can't be serious! 你不是认真的吧！ serious在此处的意思是“认真的，不开玩的”。 e.g. ——The school has decided to give us another day's holiday. 我们学校决定再给我们一天的假期。 ——You can‘t be serious! 你在开玩笑吧！ 11 知识讲解 They taste great. 12 taste 用作感官系动词，意为“尝起来；有……的味道”，后接形容词做表语。 常见的感官系动词 拓展 look 看起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 sound 听起来 feel 摸起来；感觉起来 Exercise 1.--Must I come before eight o'clock? --No, you _______.” A. can't B. don't C. mustn't D. needn't 2.--Must I finish all the work before I leave? --Yes, you _______ .” A. must B. can C. mustn't D. needn't D A Exercise 3. You ___ be quiet when you are in a library. A. may B. can C. will D. must 4. --Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? — No, it ____ be him. Mr Li is much taller. A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t D C Exercise 2. — Could I look at your pictures? — Yes, of course you ______. A. could B. can C. will D. might B 3._____you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the telephone number. A. Need B. Could　 C. Must D. Should B Exercise 4. — May I go to the cinema, Mum? — Certainly. But you ____ be back by 11 o’clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 3. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself. A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t C B 1. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 2. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not C C 4. --Will you stay for lunch? --Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t 5. --May I pick a flower in the garden? -- ________. A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please. C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t B C 6. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?"   "No,         ."   A. you shouldn't  B. you might not   C. you needn't   D. you mustn't C 7. There is someone knocking at the door.         it be Tom?   A. can  B. must  C. should  D. ought to A Exercise 1. 大年初一我们不准扫地。 We _____________________ on the first day of the Spring Festival. 2. 你必须回家, 别再玩了。 You ____________, stop _______. 3. 请稍等,我马上来。 Please ________, I come at once. 4. 请帮我拿杯水来。 　Please ______________________ __________________________. mustn’t do any cleaning playing hang on must go home get me a glass of water/ get a glass of water for me $$