升高二暑假【夏日FUN学】专题12：人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 温故知新练学案-2024-2025学年暑假英语升高二衔接

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接学案 专题12：必修二U1 Cultural Heritage 温故知新练（原卷版） 一、单词拼写 A.词性转换 1．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→ vt.创造→ n.创造性；创造力 2．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→ n.提升；推销；晋级 3．application n.申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→ vt.& vi.申请；应用→ n.申请人 4．proposal n.提议；建议→ vt.提议；建议 5．establish vt.建立；创立→ n.建立；创立 6．limit n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→ adj.有限的；受限制的→ adj.无限的；无尽的 7．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→ n.防止；预防→ adj.预防性的；防备的 8．loss n.丧失；损失→ vt.丢失→ adj.迷路的；失去的 9．contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠→ vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 10．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→ n.捐赠；赠送→ n.捐赠者；捐赠人 11．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→ n.消失；灭绝→(反义词) vi.出现→ n.出现；外表 12．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n.专业人员；职业选手→ n.专业；职业→ n.教授 13．tradition n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗→ adj.传统的 14．comparison n.比较；相比→ vt.& vi.与……相比较 B.根据首字母单词拼写 15．The noise outside seriously affected the q of my sleep. 16．His powerful and soulful singing helped e him as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time. 17．She made an a to solve the puzzle, but she couldn’t figure it out. 18．He apologized to her for being so rude and she f him. 19．Experts come up with creative ideas on solving environmental problems, including the a of modern technology or a change of lifestyle. 20．There is a speed l of 60 kilometers per hour on this road. 21．I want to d the money I earned from my part-time jobs to the foundation. 22．The tiger crashed through a wooden fence and d . We couldn’t see it at all. 23．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the l of cultural relics. 24．The smile on her face made it all w . 25．With competition in the job market, even some adults are determined to seek f education in hopes of salary increases. 二、完成句子 26．After a while, a group of women came along, (每人头顶稳稳顶着) a pot of water on her head. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 27．I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise. →I live next door to a couple .(用定语从句合并) 28．He differed from other people in he always looked further ahead in his work. 他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。 29． I have is yours. 我所有的一切都是你的。 30．What he said was perfectly true. =The thing he said was perfectly true. 他讲的都是事实。 31．Every great achievement starts with . 每个伟大的成就都始于尝试的决心。 32．He from going. 必须阻止他去。 33． the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 34．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree. The tree was decorated very nicely. (用定语从句合并句子) 35．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) (句型转换) → 三、翻译（汉译英） 36．你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to） 37．伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 38．他查阅了一本历史书，以弄清该事件发生的确切日期。(refer to) 39．尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。 40．帮助有困难的同学。 Help students ． 四、阅读理解 A Wedding Customs from Around the World Each traditional wedding custom is very special, because it marks the importance of the wedding. Brazil Important Details of the Wedding Ceremony A wedding ceremony in Brazil has many important details. For example, the bridegroom can't see the bride wearing her wedding dress before the ceremony. The bride has to use something old, something new, and something that is borrowed. One more detail is the bride's ring should be engraved the name of the bridegroom —María Celina Brandao Eastern Europe Asking the Girl's Father for Permission In my country, the engagement is an event previous to the wedding. One month before the wedding, the bridegroom asks the girl's father for permission to take the girl out of her family house. He goes to her house early in the morning with a band, if he can afford the expense. All the neighbours come to see the new bride and to tell her something nice —Stoyan Grigorou Japan A Wine Ceremony Symbolizes Dedication A Shinto wedding has a typical ceremony. A couple drinks Japanese rice wine in front of a priest. First, the bride drinks the wine from a small cup. Next, the bride passes the cup to the bridegroom and he also drinks the wine from the cup. They try to drink wine three times. This ceremony means that they promise to be dedicated to each other. —Maki Kubo Venezuela Promises to Love and Take Care of Each Other The most important and unforgettable event of someone's life is marriage. In Venezuela, the bridegroom has to promise his bride to love her all his life and to take care of her forever. The bride also has to repeat the same commandments. It is popular for the couple to read the promises to each other. This moment is really beautiful. In addition, the couple receives a list of commandments. —Sonia Dale For more, please click here. 41．What is a bridegroom in Brazil not expected to do? A．Use something not new. B．Use something someone else lends him. C．Have his bride wear the ring engraved with his name. D．See his bride in a wedding dress before the ceremony. 42．When does the engagement in Eastern Europe usually happen? A．Before the wedding is celebrated. B．After the girl is taken out C．After a band is paid by the bridegroom. D．When the neighbours arrive. 43．Why does the couple in Japan drink wine three times? A．It is the priest's order in the ceremony. B．The cup is not big enough to hold much wine. C．It means they promise not to be against each other. D．It is typical for all young Japanese to drink wine. B Gahriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil. Later she was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them instructions on how to carry out a task, they would often go about is in their own way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a culture shock in expectations. Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed (分布) in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power is respected. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where employees often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she had an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. When she told her team exactly what she needed them to do, they felt that she didn’t trust them to do their job well. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela was able to make adjustments to her management style. Finally, she effectively motivated her team to achieve their goals. 44．What problem did Gabriela have with her Swedish team at the beginning? A．Her Swedish staff didn’t understand her instructions. B．They were always refusing to follow her directions. C．Her authority was challenged by her Swedish staff. D．They looked down upon her because she was a female. 45．What is encouraged in the working culture in Sweden? A．Independent thinking and mild character. B．Competitive spirit and mild character. C．Professional spirit and risk-taking behavior. D．Active participation and creative thinking. 46．Which of the following can best describe Gabriela? A．Bossy and rude. B．Flexible and communicative. C．King but stubborn. D．Strict but trustworthy. 47．What can we learn from Gabriela’s story? A．Two heads are better than one. B．When in Rome, do as Romans do. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. C People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 48．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B．consider facial expressions universally reliable C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 49．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The participants in the study. B．The researchers of the study. C．The errors made during the study. D．The data collected from the study. 50．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．do translation more successfully B．study the mouth more frequently C．examine the eyes more attentively D．read facial expressions more correctly 51．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding D There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad. But some early-career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces. However, supervisors(主管) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly. It is important to be sensitive (灵敏的) to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings. Nanda Dimitrov, director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London, says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States. She points out that the relationship between junior researcher and supervisor is influenced by many factors including personality, former experiences and the department’s culture. Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology. He was used to following teachers’ suggestions. But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue, to fight for yourself. With his supervisor’s encouragement, he started pushing back. After his first year, his supervisor said, “Wow, finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently(独立地). His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck. “People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’, but in their culture, they’re not,” says Amratia, who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best. When you come from a different country, you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way. I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab,” Amratia said. 52．How do people going abroad avoid misunderstanding according to Paragraph 1? A．By facing challenges bravely. B．By introducing their own ideas. C．By creating more communication chances. D．By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations. 53．What does Nanda’s experience tell us? A．Don’t be too sensitive to different cultures. B．People should experience different cultures. C．British are more direct than Americans do. D．The relation among junior researchers is simple. 54．Which of the following is the German preference? A．Trying to support one’s own opinions. B．Accepting advice of elders. C．Pushing back supervisor’s encouragement. D．Turning to others for help often. 55．What does Amratia suggest doing? A．Working independently and hard. B．Respecting others’ different cultures. C．Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself. D．Talking with people with the same culture. 七选五 Interesting Eating Habits From Different Countries Among one of the joys of traveling abroad is the exposure to different types of cuisines. Here we provide some eating habits that could benefit you when traveling to a foreign country. Britain 56 In England, the term “dinner” can refer to the afternoon meal, or lunch as some of us know it. What we know as dinner is sometimes called tea or supper, depending on how late it is consumed. The most common time for tea is at four o’clock in the afternoon. Supper is generally a lighter meal taken later in the evening. China The use of chopsticks when eating Chinese cuisine is one that needs practice. To hold the chopsticks properly, first hold the first stick like a pencil, and the second stick between your thumb and your ring finger. 57 India It is pretty widely known that Indians traditionally eat with hands. 58 Many urban Indians today, whether living in India or not, maintain the practice of eating with their hands. Before settling down to begin your meal, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly first. Always eat with your right hand only. 59 Besides, make sure not to have any food touch your palms (手掌), and do not put your fingers into your mouth. Instead, use your fingers to push the food into your mouth. Japan In Japan, before sitting down to a meal, fresh hot towels are given to you to clean your hands. 60 It means “I’m going to start eating”. A．When your orders arrive, it is also polite to say the phrase “itadakimasu”. B．Let China’s food culture move toward the world. C．There, dinner may not be the dinner that you and I know. D．Eating with your left hand is considered disrespectful. E．In some countries, lunchtime often means soup time. F．Your middle finger should be in between the two chopsticks. G．However, this practice is not limited to traditional Indians only. 五、完形填空 British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot. They 61 3,263 kilometres, a remarkable achievement at any time. Their 62 to complete this adventure came from their father, William Lindesay, who 63 along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention. Born in 1956 in Liverpool, William became 64 about the Wall later in his life. In 1987, he made the 65 in China by hiking the Wall. He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has 66 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences. His action and books influenced his two sons, who now share his 67 in the Wall. In 2016, the Lindesay brothers flew drones (无人机) at many 68 along the Wall and edited video works on the 69 of the Wall, hoping to keep it safe from damage. Not 70 with merely documenting parts of the Wall, the young brothers 71 wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they 72 hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps. The brothers’ trip was 73 than they had imagined. They met many difficulties. But 74 the great wonder was life-changing, which gave them a better 75 of the structure and the history behind it. 61．A．challenged B．covered C．measured D．expanded 62．A．desire B．tendency C．ability D．agreement 63．A．continued B．jogged C．journeyed D．researched 64．A．anxious B．particular C．serious D．enthusiastic 65．A．headlines B．changes C．connection D．difference 66．A．purchased B．recommended C．reviewed D．authored 67．A．pride B．success C．interest D．faith 68．A．buildings B．sections C．stages D．villages 69．A．preservation B．tour C．condition D．feature 70．A．familiar B．satisfied C．careful D．busy 71．A．gradually B．occasionally C．desperately D．blindly 72．A．dreamed of B．carried on C．learned of D．decided on 73．A．tougher B．funner C．greater D．shorter 74．A．evaluating B．exploring C．repairing D．recording 75．A．memory B．assessment C．impression D．understanding 六、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Festivals have a wide range of 76 (origin). However, no matter how different they may seem, the spirit of 77 (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common. Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture, which takes place after all the crops 78 (gather) in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. In spite of the fact that customs play 79 important role in festivals, sometimes 80 can change over time. For instance, in order to avoid air 81 (pollute), a number of big cities have given up the custom of lighting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. These days, festivals are becoming more and more 82 (commerce). Some people believe festivals should not be commercialised, 83 others think the increase in spending is beneficial to the economy and public happiness. In a word, festivals reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes 84 life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and help us to understand where we came from, who we are, and 85 to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you will find different cultures have a lot in common. 七、书面表达 假如你是星光中学的学生李华，近日你在某杂志上看到一篇介绍中国传统节日的征稿启事，请结合下列要点给该杂志社撰文。 1．节日基本信息     2．你庆祝该节日的一次经历      3．你有何感想 注意：(1)以该节日名作为征稿的标题； (2)开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； (3)词数：100左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接学案 专题12：必修二U1 Cultural Heritage 温故知新练（解析版） 一、单词拼写 A.词性转换 1．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→ vt.创造→ n.创造性；创造力 2．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→ n.提升；推销；晋级 3．application n.申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→ vt.& vi.申请；应用→ n.申请人 4．proposal n.提议；建议→ vt.提议；建议 5．establish vt.建立；创立→ n.建立；创立 6．limit n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→ adj.有限的；受限制的→ adj.无限的；无尽的 7．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→ n.防止；预防→ adj.预防性的；防备的 8．loss n.丧失；损失→ vt.丢失→ adj.迷路的；失去的 9．contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠→ vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 10．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→ n.捐赠；赠送→ n.捐赠者；捐赠人 11．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→ n.消失；灭绝→(反义词) vi.出现→ n.出现；外表 12．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n.专业人员；职业选手→ n.专业；职业→ n.教授 13．tradition n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗→ adj.传统的 14．comparison n.比较；相比→ vt.& vi.与……相比较 【答案】1． creative create creativity 2．promotion 3．apply applicant 4．propose 5．establishment 6．limited limitless 7．prevention preventive 8．lose lost 9．contribute 10．donation donor 11．disappearance appear appearance 12．profession professor 13．traditional 14．compare B.根据首字母单词拼写 15．The noise outside seriously affected the q of my sleep. 【答案】quality/uality 【详解】考查名词。句意：外面的噪音严重影响了我的睡眠质量。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据上文“The noise outside seriously affected(外面的噪音严重影响了)”和下文“of my sleep(我的睡眠)”可知，空白处应填表示“质量”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以字母q开头且表示“质量”含义的名词为quality。故填 quality。 16．His powerful and soulful singing helped e him as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time. 【答案】establish/stablish 【详解】考查动词。句意：他有力而深情的歌声使他成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作helped的宾语，前面省略了不定式符号to，使用动词原形。根据下文“as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time(成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母 e 开头且表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词为：establish，故填establish。 17．She made an a to solve the puzzle, but she couldn’t figure it out. 【答案】attempt/ttempt 【详解】考查名词。句意：她试图解开这个谜题，但她解不出来。空处作made的宾语，结合“to solve the puzzle”和首字母提示可推知，名词attempt“尝试”符合题意，固定短语make an attempt to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故填attempt。 18．He apologized to her for being so rude and she f him. 【答案】forgave/orgave 【详解】考查动词。句意：他为自己的粗鲁向她道歉，她原谅了他。空处作谓语，结合“He apologized to her for being so rude”和首字母提示可推知，动词forgive“原谅”符合题意，且根据“apologized”可知，时态为一般过去时，forgive需用过去式的形式。故填forgave。 19．Experts come up with creative ideas on solving environmental problems, including the a of modern technology or a change of lifestyle. 【答案】application/pplication 【详解】考查名词。句意：专家们提出了解决环境问题的创意，包括应用现代技术或改变生活方式。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据首字母提示和句意，表示“应用”用application。故填application。 20．There is a speed l of 60 kilometers per hour on this road. 【答案】limit/imit/limitation/imitation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这条路限速每小时60公里。根据句意及首字母提示可知，limit/limitation“限制”，名词，作there be句型的主语，故填limit/limitation。 21．I want to d the money I earned from my part-time jobs to the foundation. 【答案】donate/onate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我想把我从兼职工作中赚到的钱捐给基金会。根据首字母以及“the money I earned from my part-time jobs to the foundation”可知，空处需要动词donate“捐赠”，表示把钱捐给基金会。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以空处动词用原形。故填donate。 22．The tiger crashed through a wooden fence and d . We couldn’t see it at all. 【答案】disappeared/isappeared 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：老虎冲过木栅栏消失了。我们根本看不见它。根据“We couldn’t see it at all”可知，老虎消失了。结合首字母提示，用动词disappear，作并列谓语，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填disappeared。 23．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the l of cultural relics. 【答案】loss/oss 【详解】考查名词。句意：成立了一个委员会，旨在限制对埃及建筑的破坏，并防止文化遗产的流失。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处需要名词loss“损失”，在句中作宾语。此处指防止文化的损失。故填loss。 24．The smile on her face made it all w . 【答案】worthwhile/orthwhile 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她脸上的微笑让一切都变得值得。根据首字母以及“The smile on her face”可知，空处需要形容词worthwhile“值得的”，在句中作宾语补足语。此处表示她的微笑让一切都变得值得。故填worthwhile。 25．With competition in the job market, even some adults are determined to seek f education in hopes of salary increases. 【答案】further/ urther 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着就业市场的竞争，甚至一些成年人也决心继续接受教育，希望加薪。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意及首字母提示，此处指“继续教育；进修教育”，应用形容词further，意为“进一步的”。故填further。 二、完成句子 26．After a while, a group of women came along, (每人头顶稳稳顶着) a pot of water on her head. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】each balancing 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每人头上顶着一壶水。表示“每人”用代词each；表示“使（在某物上）保持平衡”用动词balance，本句谓语为came，此处为非谓语动词，且each与balance为主动关系，应用现在分词，与each构成独立主格结构。故填each balancing。 27．I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise. →I live next door to a couple .(用定语从句合并) 【答案】whose children often make a lot of noise 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很大的噪音。此处改为定语从句修饰先行词couple，关系词在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose children often make a lot of noise。 28．He differed from other people in he always looked further ahead in his work. 他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导介词in的宾语从句。因为宾语从句he always looked further ahead in his work中不缺少成分，应用无具体词义，只起引导作用的连接词that引导，不可省略。故填that。 29． I have is yours. 我所有的一切都是你的。 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“无论我有什么”，所以用whatever“无论什么”来引导该从句。故填whatever。 30．What he said was perfectly true. =The thing he said was perfectly true. 他讲的都是事实。 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The thing，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，可使用关系代词that引导。故填that。 31．Every great achievement starts with . 每个伟大的成就都始于尝试的决心。 【答案】determination to attempt 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。表示“决心”应用determination，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数；表示“尝试”应用attempt，修饰名词determination，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填determination to attempt。 32．He from going. 必须阻止他去。 【答案】must be prevented 【详解】考查情态动词和被动语态。表示“必须”应用must；表示“阻止”应用prevent；he和prevent为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词must后面，使用动词原形。故填must be prevented。 33． the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 【答案】 There comes a time when preserve 【详解】考查there引导的倒装句及定语从句。根据中文提示“……时代已经到来”，可翻译为there comes a time，还可以将“新旧交替”处理成定语从句来修饰时代，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when引导从句。“保存”的英文是preserve，最后要注意首字母大写，所以整个句子可翻译为There comes a time when the old must give way to the new , and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future，故答案为①There②comes③a④time⑤when⑥preserve。 34．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree. The tree was decorated very nicely. (用定语从句合并句子) 【答案】She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which was decorated very nicely./She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree that was decorated very nicely. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她点燃了一根火柴，看到了一棵圣诞树。这棵树装饰得很漂亮。第二句中的The tree指的是前面的a Christmas tree，“The tree was decorated very nicely”的对a Christmas tree的修饰，因此“was decorated very nicely”可作定语从句，先行词是a Christmas tree，是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，因此句子合并为“She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely”。故答案为She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely. 35．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) (句型转换) → 【答案】Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我和家人一起住的南社古村景色独特。原句中，第二句的there指代第一句的Nanshe Ancient Village，作地点状语，所以可用Nanshe Ancient Village作先行词，将第二句改为where引导的定语从句。故答案为：Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 三、翻译（汉译英） 36．你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to） 【答案】You shouldn’t attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own. 【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语、不定式作宾语和介词短语。表示“不应该”应用情态动词shouldn’t，表示“试图”应用动词attempt，attempt to do“试图做某事”，表示“解决这个难题”应用solve this difficult problem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示“独自一人”应用介词短语on your own，作状语。故翻译为You shouldn’t attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own。 37．伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 【答案】London is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。表示“伦敦”应用London；表示“是”应用be，主语为London，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式is；表示“一个古老的港口城市”应用an ancient port city；表示“其历史可以追溯到罗马时代”应用that has a history dating all the way back to Roman，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient port city，在定语从句中作主语，dating back to为现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词history。故翻译成：London is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman.。 38．他查阅了一本历史书，以弄清该事件发生的确切日期。(refer to) 【答案】He referred to a history book to find out the exact date when the event occurred. 【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词和时态。主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语动词“查阅”用动词短语refer to，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态referred to，宾语“一本历史书”用a history book，“以弄清确切日期”作目的状语，用不定式短语to find out the exact date表示，“事件发生的”作定语从句，修饰先行词date，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，译为when the event occurred。故翻译为：He referred to a history book to find out the exact date when the event occurred. 39．尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。 【答案】Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to get more valuable discoveries that will enable humans to survive well into the future. 【详解】考查定语从句。“尽管”使用介词despite，“困难重重”使用名词复数difficulties，作介词宾语，“科学家们”使用名词复数scientists，“希望做某事”使用动词短语hope to do sth，“获得”使用动词get，“更多有价值的发现”译为more valuable discoveries，“让人类延续生存，直到未来”译为一个定语从句，修饰名词discoveries，“让某人能够做某事”使用动词短语enable sb to do sth，“延续生存，直到未来”使用动词短语survive well into the future，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that引导，主句是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，从句是描述将来的事情，用一般将来时，故翻译为：Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to get more valuable discoveries that will enable humans to survive well into the future. 40．帮助有困难的同学。 Help students ． 【答案】who are in trouble 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需要填入定语从句，修饰同学，表示“有困难的”为be in trouble；此处先行词为students，所以关系词用who；句子中为描述事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为students，所以be动词用are。故答案为who are in trouble。 四、阅读理解 A Wedding Customs from Around the World Each traditional wedding custom is very special, because it marks the importance of the wedding. Brazil Important Details of the Wedding Ceremony A wedding ceremony in Brazil has many important details. For example, the bridegroom can't see the bride wearing her wedding dress before the ceremony. The bride has to use something old, something new, and something that is borrowed. One more detail is the bride's ring should be engraved the name of the bridegroom —María Celina Brandao Eastern Europe Asking the Girl's Father for Permission In my country, the engagement is an event previous to the wedding. One month before the wedding, the bridegroom asks the girl's father for permission to take the girl out of her family house. He goes to her house early in the morning with a band, if he can afford the expense. All the neighbours come to see the new bride and to tell her something nice —Stoyan Grigorou Japan A Wine Ceremony Symbolizes Dedication A Shinto wedding has a typical ceremony. A couple drinks Japanese rice wine in front of a priest. First, the bride drinks the wine from a small cup. Next, the bride passes the cup to the bridegroom and he also drinks the wine from the cup. They try to drink wine three times. This ceremony means that they promise to be dedicated to each other. —Maki Kubo Venezuela Promises to Love and Take Care of Each Other The most important and unforgettable event of someone's life is marriage. In Venezuela, the bridegroom has to promise his bride to love her all his life and to take care of her forever. The bride also has to repeat the same commandments. It is popular for the couple to read the promises to each other. This moment is really beautiful. In addition, the couple receives a list of commandments. —Sonia Dale For more, please click here. 41．What is a bridegroom in Brazil not expected to do? A．Use something not new. B．Use something someone else lends him. C．Have his bride wear the ring engraved with his name. D．See his bride in a wedding dress before the ceremony. 42．When does the engagement in Eastern Europe usually happen? A．Before the wedding is celebrated. B．After the girl is taken out C．After a band is paid by the bridegroom. D．When the neighbours arrive. 43．Why does the couple in Japan drink wine three times? A．It is the priest's order in the ceremony. B．The cup is not big enough to hold much wine. C．It means they promise not to be against each other. D．It is typical for all young Japanese to drink wine. 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．C 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些世界各地的婚礼习俗。 41．细节理解题。根据Brazil部分中“For example, the bridegroom can't see the bride wearing her wedding dress before the ceremony.(例如，在婚礼前，新郎不能看到新娘穿着婚纱)”可知，在巴西，新郎在婚礼前不能看到新娘穿婚纱。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据Eastern Europe部分中“In my country, the engagement is an event previous to the wedding.( 在我的国家，订婚是婚礼前的一项活动)”可知，在东欧，订婚是婚礼前进行的一项活动。故选A。 43．细节理解题。根据Japan部分中“They try to drink wine three times. This ceremony means that they promise to be dedicated to each other.(他们要喝三次酒。这个仪式意味着他们承诺忠于彼此)”可知，新娘和新郎喝三次酒，是为了表达忠心，也就是说这个仪式意味着他们承诺不背叛对方。故选C。 B Gahriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil. Later she was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them instructions on how to carry out a task, they would often go about is in their own way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a culture shock in expectations. Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed (分布) in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power is respected. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where employees often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she had an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. When she told her team exactly what she needed them to do, they felt that she didn’t trust them to do their job well. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela was able to make adjustments to her management style. Finally, she effectively motivated her team to achieve their goals. 44．What problem did Gabriela have with her Swedish team at the beginning? A．Her Swedish staff didn’t understand her instructions. B．They were always refusing to follow her directions. C．Her authority was challenged by her Swedish staff. D．They looked down upon her because she was a female. 45．What is encouraged in the working culture in Sweden? A．Independent thinking and mild character. B．Competitive spirit and mild character. C．Professional spirit and risk-taking behavior. D．Active participation and creative thinking. 46．Which of the following can best describe Gabriela? A．Bossy and rude. B．Flexible and communicative. C．King but stubborn. D．Strict but trustworthy. 47．What can we learn from Gabriela’s story? A．Two heads are better than one. B．When in Rome, do as Romans do. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】44．C 45．A 46．B 47．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。加布里埃拉到了瑞典的一个新的工作团队之后觉得自己的员工不够尊重自己的权威，后来她意识到自己正在经历期望值上的文化冲击。于是她与员工良好沟通，灵活调整，入乡随俗，有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them instructions on how to carry out a task, they would often go about is in their own way without checking with her. (尽管他们很友好，但加布里埃拉并不觉得自己是一个受尊重的领导者。她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的建议，当她给他们指示如何执行任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式行事，而不征求她的意见。)”可知，加布里埃拉一开始觉得在瑞典团队里自己的领导权威被挑衅。故选C。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where employees often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. (然而，她的瑞典团队习惯于在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，员工经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决定。在这里，领导者扮演教练的角色，鼓励独立思考，并期待挑战。)”和第二段第一句“Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. (尽管他们很友好，但加布里埃拉并不觉得自己是一个受尊重的领导者。)”可知，瑞典的工作文化鼓励思想独立、性格温和。故选A。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段“When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she had an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. (当加布里埃拉意识到她和她的团队之间的文化差异时，她与他们进行了一次公开的对话，了解他们对她的领导的感受。)”和最后一段“With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela was able to make adjustments to her management style. Finally, she effectively motivated her team to achieve their goals. (在更好地理解了彼此行为背后的潜在原因后，加布里埃拉能够调整自己的管理风格。最后，她有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。)”可知，加布里埃拉是一个灵活且善于沟通的人。故选B。 47．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“What Gabriela was experiencing was a culture shock in expectations. (加布里埃拉所经历的是一种期望值上的文化冲击。)”，第四段“When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she had an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. (当加布里埃拉意识到她和她的团队之间的文化差异时，她与他们进行了一次公开的对话，了解他们对她的领导的感受。)”和最后一段“With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela was able to make adjustments to her management style. Finally, she effectively motivated her team to achieve their goals. (在更好地理解了彼此行为背后的潜在原因后，加布里埃拉能够调整自己的管理风格。最后，她有效地激励她的团队实现他们的目标。)”可知，文章讲述了一个面对文化差异灵活调整入乡随俗的故事。故选B。 C People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 48．The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B．consider facial expressions universally reliable C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 49．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The participants in the study. B．The researchers of the study. C．The errors made during the study. D．The data collected from the study. 50．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．do translation more successfully B．study the mouth more frequently C．examine the eyes more attentively D．read facial expressions more correctly 51．What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【答案】48．A 49．A 50．C 51．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴。 48．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.(西方人看眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，而东方人偏爱眼睛而忽视嘴巴。)”可知，西方人关注眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，故选A。 49．词句猜测题。根据第六段中划线单词上“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”和划线单词所在句子““The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said.(“他们眼球运动的文化差异可能反映了面部表情的文化差异，”杰克说。)”可推知，they代指上文提到的的东方人和西方人，根据第三段中““We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. (杰克说：“我们的研究表明，东方人和西方人通过观察不同的面部特征来判断面部表情。”)”可知，参与这项研究有东方人和西方人。由此可知，they代指这项研究的参与者，故选A。 50．细节理解题。根据第六段中“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能会更专注于查看眼睛。故选C。 51．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(来自东亚的人比来自欧洲的人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了其中的原因。)”和最后一段“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.(简而言之，数据表明，面部表情并不是人类情感的普遍信号)”可知，文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴，B项“面部表情文化差异”适合作文章标题，故选B。 D There are plenty of opportunities to study and work abroad. But some early-career scientists might face challenges adapting to different communication styles and different workplaces. However, supervisors(主管) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly. It is important to be sensitive (灵敏的) to cultural differences and to avoid misunderstandings. Nanda Dimitrov, director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London, says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States. She points out that the relationship between junior researcher and supervisor is influenced by many factors including personality, former experiences and the department’s culture. Keshun Zhang faced this issue after moving from China to the University of Konstanz in Germany to get his PhD in psychology. He was used to following teachers’ suggestions. But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue, to fight for yourself. With his supervisor’s encouragement, he started pushing back. After his first year, his supervisor said, “Wow, finally you have learnt to say no.” Zhang also realized that he was expected to work independently(独立地). His supervisor urged him to try to solve problems on his own and to ask for guidance only if he became stuck. “People sometimes brush off a student from another country as ‘rude’, but in their culture, they’re not,” says Amratia, who was a Kenya student at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best. When you come from a different country, you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way. I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab,” Amratia said. 52．How do people going abroad avoid misunderstanding according to Paragraph 1? A．By facing challenges bravely. B．By introducing their own ideas. C．By creating more communication chances. D．By learning different cultures and expressing job expectations. 53．What does Nanda’s experience tell us? A．Don’t be too sensitive to different cultures. B．People should experience different cultures. C．British are more direct than Americans do. D．The relation among junior researchers is simple. 54．Which of the following is the German preference? A．Trying to support one’s own opinions. B．Accepting advice of elders. C．Pushing back supervisor’s encouragement. D．Turning to others for help often. 55．What does Amratia suggest doing? A．Working independently and hard. B．Respecting others’ different cultures. C．Encouraging yourself to fight for yourself. D．Talking with people with the same culture. 【答案】52．D 53．C 54．A 55．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着出国学习和工作的机会增多，科学家可能会面临适应不同沟通方式和不同工作场所的挑战。主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险。 52．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“However, supervisors(主管) and junior researchers can reduce the risk of misunderstandings by actively learning about each other’s cultures and expressing workplace expectations clearly. (然而，主管和初级研究人员可以通过积极了解彼此的文化并明确表达工作场所的期望来减少误解的风险)”可知，根据第一段，出国的人通过学习不同的文化和表达对工作的期望避免误解。故选D。 53．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Nanda Dimitrov, director of Western University’s Teaching Support Centre in London, says that she personally experienced directness more often in the United Kingdom than in the United States. (Nanda Dimitrov，伦敦西部大学教学支持中心主任说，她个人在英国比在美国更经常感受到直率。)”可知，Nanda的经历告诉我们英国人比美国人更直接。故选C。 54．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“But the culture in Germany always encourages you to argue, to fight for yourself (但是德国的文化总是鼓励你去争论，去为自己而战)”可知，德国人更喜欢尽力支持自己的观点。故选A。 55．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到““Researchers should also remember that their nation’s customs aren’t necessarily best. When you come from a different country, you don’t assume everybody should be doing things your way. I never cared if somebody was different from me as long as it didn’t seriously affect the rest of the lab,” Amratia said. (Amratia说：“研究人员还应该记住，他们国家的习俗并不一定是最好的。当你来自不同的国家时，你不会认为每个人都应该按照自己的方式做事。我从不在乎是否有人和我不同，只要这不会严重影响实验室的其他人。”)”可知，Amratia建议尊重他人的不同文化。故选B。 七选五 Interesting Eating Habits From Different Countries Among one of the joys of traveling abroad is the exposure to different types of cuisines. Here we provide some eating habits that could benefit you when traveling to a foreign country. Britain 56 In England, the term “dinner” can refer to the afternoon meal, or lunch as some of us know it. What we know as dinner is sometimes called tea or supper, depending on how late it is consumed. The most common time for tea is at four o’clock in the afternoon. Supper is generally a lighter meal taken later in the evening. China The use of chopsticks when eating Chinese cuisine is one that needs practice. To hold the chopsticks properly, first hold the first stick like a pencil, and the second stick between your thumb and your ring finger. 57 India It is pretty widely known that Indians traditionally eat with hands. 58 Many urban Indians today, whether living in India or not, maintain the practice of eating with their hands. Before settling down to begin your meal, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly first. Always eat with your right hand only. 59 Besides, make sure not to have any food touch your palms (手掌), and do not put your fingers into your mouth. Instead, use your fingers to push the food into your mouth. Japan In Japan, before sitting down to a meal, fresh hot towels are given to you to clean your hands. 60 It means “I’m going to start eating”. A．When your orders arrive, it is also polite to say the phrase “itadakimasu”. B．Let China’s food culture move toward the world. C．There, dinner may not be the dinner that you and I know. D．Eating with your left hand is considered disrespectful. E．In some countries, lunchtime often means soup time. F．Your middle finger should be in between the two chopsticks. G．However, this practice is not limited to traditional Indians only. 【答案】56．C 57．F 58．G 59．D 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了来自不同国家的有趣饮食习惯，包括英国、中国、印度和日本。作者希望这些信息能帮助人们在出国旅行时更好地适应当地的饮食文化。 56．根据后文“In England, the term “dinner” can refer to the afternoon meal, or lunch as some of us know it. (在英国，“dinner”一词可以指下午的饭，或者我们有些人所知道的午餐。)”可知，在英国，晚餐可能并不是我们理解的晚餐。C选项“There, dinner may not be the dinner that you and I know.( 在那里，晚餐可能不是你我熟悉的晚餐。)”引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 57．根据前文“To hold the chopsticks properly, first hold the first stick like a pencil, and the second stick between your thumb and your ring finger. (要正确使用筷子，首先要像拿铅笔一样拿第一根筷子，第二根筷子夹在拇指和无名指之间。)”可知，此处解释如何正确的使用筷子。F选项“Your middle finger should be in between the two chopsticks.(你的中指应该在两根筷子之间。)”承接前文，描述如何正确使用筷子。故选F。 58．根据后文“ Many urban Indians today, whether living in India or not, maintain the practice of eating with their hands.( 今天，许多印度城市居民，无论是否居住在印度，都保持着用手吃饭的习惯。)”可知，用手吃饭这个习俗并不只限于传统印度人，许多印度城市居民，无论是否居住在印度，都保持着用手吃饭的习惯。G选项“However, this practice is not limited to traditional Indians only.( 然而，这种做法并不仅限于传统的印度人。)”表明用手吃饭的传统在印度并非只有传统印度人才这么做，与上文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选G。 59．根据前文“Always eat with your right hand only. (永远只用右手吃饭。)”可知，在印度只能用右手吃饭。D选项“Eating with your left hand is considered disrespectful.(用左手吃饭被认为是不礼貌的。)”承接前文，形成对应，解释了只能用右手吃饭的原因，即用左手吃饭是被认为不礼貌的，符合语境。故选D。 60．根据后文“It means “I’m going to start eating”.(它的意思是“我要开始吃了”。)”可知，此处设空处介绍了日本人开始吃饭前要说的一句话；A选项“When your orders arrive, it is also polite to say the phrase “itadakimasu”.(当你点的菜到达时，礼貌地说“itadakimasu”。)”符合语境，下文中的“It”指代选项中的“itadakimasu”。故选A。 五、完形填空 British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot. They 61 3,263 kilometres, a remarkable achievement at any time. Their 62 to complete this adventure came from their father, William Lindesay, who 63 along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention. Born in 1956 in Liverpool, William became 64 about the Wall later in his life. In 1987, he made the 65 in China by hiking the Wall. He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has 66 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences. His action and books influenced his two sons, who now share his 67 in the Wall. In 2016, the Lindesay brothers flew drones (无人机) at many 68 along the Wall and edited video works on the 69 of the Wall, hoping to keep it safe from damage. Not 70 with merely documenting parts of the Wall, the young brothers 71 wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they 72 hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps. The brothers’ trip was 73 than they had imagined. They met many difficulties. But 74 the great wonder was life-changing, which gave them a better 75 of the structure and the history behind it. 61．A．challenged B．covered C．measured D．expanded 62．A．desire B．tendency C．ability D．agreement 63．A．continued B．jogged C．journeyed D．researched 64．A．anxious B．particular C．serious D．enthusiastic 65．A．headlines B．changes C．connection D．difference 66．A．purchased B．recommended C．reviewed D．authored 67．A．pride B．success C．interest D．faith 68．A．buildings B．sections C．stages D．villages 69．A．preservation B．tour C．condition D．feature 70．A．familiar B．satisfied C．careful D．busy 71．A．gradually B．occasionally C．desperately D．blindly 72．A．dreamed of B．carried on C．learned of D．decided on 73．A．tougher B．funner C．greater D．shorter 74．A．evaluating B．exploring C．repairing D．recording 75．A．memory B．assessment C．impression D．understanding 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．C 64．D 65．A 66．D 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．B 71．C 72．D 73．A 74．B 75．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国兄弟詹姆斯和托马斯受父亲的影响步行穿越中国长城的经历。 61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们走了3,263公里，这在任何时候都是一项了不起的成就。A. challenged挑战；B. covered行走；C. measured测量；D. expanded扩展。根据下文“3,263 kilometres”可知，此处表示他们行走了多远的距离，故选B项。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们完成这次冒险的愿望来自他们的父亲威廉·林德赛，他几十年前沿着长城旅行，吸引了大量的媒体关注。A. desire愿望；B. tendency倾向；C. ability能力；D. agreement同意。根据下文“to complete this adventure”可知，他们完成这次冒险是他们的愿望，故选A项。 63．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. continued继续；B. jogged慢跑；C. journeyed旅行；D. researched研究。根据下文“by hiking the Wall”可知，他们的父亲曾沿着长城旅行，故选C项。 64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威廉于1956年出生于利物浦，晚年对长城充满热情。A. anxious焦虑的；B. particular独特的；C. serious严重的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据下文“He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has___6___ 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences”可知，30多年来，他一直致力于保护这座建筑，并根据自己的知识和经验博写了10本关于长城的书籍。由此可知，威廉对长城产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1987年，他因攀登长城而成为中国的头条新闻。A. headlines头条新闻；B. changes改变；C. connection连接；D. difference不同。根据上文“William Lindesay, who___3___ along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention”可知，威廉沿着长城慢跑，吸引了大量的媒体关注，这成为中国的头条新闻。故选A项。 66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他致力于保护该结构已有30多年，并根据自己的知识和经验撰写了10本关于长城的书籍。A. purchased购买；B. recommended推荐；C. reviewed复习；D. authored编写。根据下文“10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences.”可知30多年来，他一直致力于保护这座建筑，并根据自己的知识和经验撰写了10本关于长城的书籍。故选D项。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的行动和书籍影响了他的两个儿子，他们现在和他一样对长城兴趣。A. pride骄傲；B. success成功；C. interest兴趣；D. faith信念。根据上文“British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot”可知，英国兄弟詹姆斯和托马斯花了几个月的时间徒步穿越中国的长城，说明兄弟二人和父亲都对长城非常感兴趣，故选C项。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年，林德赛兄弟在长城沿线的许多路段飞行无人机，并编辑了关于保护长城的视频作品，希望保护长城免受损坏。A. buildings建筑物；B. sections部分；C. stages阶段；D. villages村庄。根据下文“Not ___10__ with merely documenting parts of the Wall”可知，年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们在长城沿线的许多地方用无人机拍摄，故选B项。 69．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. preservation保护；B. tour旅行；C. condition条件；D. feature特征。根据下文“hoping to keep it safe from damage.”可知，林赛兄弟这样做的目的是保护长城。故选A项。 70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们迫切地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。A. familiar熟悉的；B. satisfied满意的；C. careful小心的；D. busy繁忙的。根据下文“the young brothers___11___wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they___12___hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps”可知，他们真心地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。说明年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，故选B项。 71．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. gradually逐渐地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. desperately迫切地；D. blindly盲目地。根据上文“Not ___10_with merely documenting parts of the Wall”以及空后“wanted to find a new way to experience the structure”可知，他们迫切地想沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城，故选C项。 72．考查动词短语辨析。句意：年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们真心地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。A. dreamed of梦想；B. carried on继续；C. learned of了解；D. decided on决定。根据空后“hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps”可知，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。故选D项。 73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的旅程比他们想象的要艰难。A. tougher更艰难的；B. funner更有趣的；C. greater更好的；D. shorter更短的。根据下文“They met many difficulties.”可知，他们遇到了许多困难。说明兄弟俩的旅行比他们想象的要艰难，故选A项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史。A. evaluating评估；B. exploring探索；C. repairing修理；D. recording记录。根据上文“British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot”可知，兄弟俩花了几个月的时间徒步穿越中国的长城，这是对长城的探索，故选B项。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史。A. memory记忆；B. assessment评估；C. impression印象；D. understanding理解。根据空后“of the structure and the history behind it”可知，是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史，故选D项。 六、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Festivals have a wide range of 76 (origin). However, no matter how different they may seem, the spirit of 77 (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common. Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture, which takes place after all the crops 78 (gather) in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. In spite of the fact that customs play 79 important role in festivals, sometimes 80 can change over time. For instance, in order to avoid air 81 (pollute), a number of big cities have given up the custom of lighting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. These days, festivals are becoming more and more 82 (commerce). Some people believe festivals should not be commercialised, 83 others think the increase in spending is beneficial to the economy and public happiness. In a word, festivals reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes 84 life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and help us to understand where we came from, who we are, and 85 to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you will find different cultures have a lot in common. 【答案】76．origins 77．sharing 78．have been gathered/are gathered 79．an 80．they 81．pollution 82．commercial 83．while/but 84．to/towards 85．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了各种不同的节日的起源，变化以及意义。 76．考查名词复数。句意：节日的起源很广泛。根据空前的“a wide range of ”可知，此处应用名词复数，origin意为“起源”，其复数形式是orgins。故填origins。 77．考查动名词。句意：然而，无论他们看起来多么不同，分享快乐、感激、爱或和平的精神是共同的。空前为介词of，所以此处为动名词作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填sharing。 78．考查谓语动词。句意：在所有的传统节日中，收获节几乎可以在每一种文化中找到，它发生在所有的庄稼都被收集起来之后。根据句意，此处可理解为动作已经发生，所以使用现在完成时，all the crops与gather之间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以填have been gathered；也可以根据上文中的takes place可知，此处应用一般现在时，all the crops与gather是被动关系，应用使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数形式，所以填are gathered。故填have been gathered/are gathered。 79．考查冠词。句意：人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激。此处为固定搭配“play a part in”意为“在……中起作用”，所以此处使用不定冠词，因为important的第一个音素是元音，所以用an。故填an。 80．考查代词。句意：尽管习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。此处为句子的主语，无提示词，所以应为代词，结合句意可知，此处指代的是上文中的customs，所以此处使用人称代词they。故填they。 81．考查名词。句意：例如，为了避免空气污染，一些大城市已经放弃了在春节期间放鞭炮的习俗。此处作动词avoid后的宾语，应用名词，动词pollute意为“污染”，其名词是pollution，且为不可数名词。故填pollution。 82．考查形容词。句意：如今，节日正变得越来越商业化。此空位于系动词becoming后，应用形容词，名词commerce意为“商业”，其形容词是commercial意为“商业的”。故填commercial。 83．考查连词。句意：一些人认为节日不应该被商业化，但另一些人认为消费的增加有利于经济和公众幸福。空前与空后均为完整的句子结构，所以此处应使用连词连接，结合句意可知，空前和空后的内容为表示对比意义或者转折关系，所以此处使用连词while或者是but。故填while/but。 84．考查介词。句意：总之，节日反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信仰和对生活的态度。结合句意可知，此处表示“对……的态度”，所以使用介词to或者towards。故填to/towards。 85．考查疑问词。句意：它们是让我们放松和享受生活的机会，并帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及我们应该欣赏什么。该句为“疑问词+to do”结构，不定式appreciate缺少宾语，所以此处使用疑问词what。故填what。 七、书面表达 假如你是星光中学的学生李华，近日你在某杂志上看到一篇介绍中国传统节日的征稿启事，请结合下列要点给该杂志社撰文。 1．节日基本信息     2．你庆祝该节日的一次经历      3．你有何感想 注意：(1)以该节日名作为征稿的标题； (2)开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； (3)词数：100左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Spring Festival The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals with a very long history in China. It is said that ancient people celebrated it to drive a demon, Nian away. It falls on the first day of the lunar year and lasts 15 days. On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together. On that eve, we went outside to light crackers and fireworks, after which we came home to make dumplings. After the dinner we all sat together watching the Spring Festival Gala. On the morning of the New Year’s Day, we got up very early to stick couplets, on which all good wishes were presented. Then we planned to visit our relatives to give them our greetings. During the festival, children were most excited because they could receive lucky money. We also sent and grabbed red packets through WeChat, which was already becoming more and more popular in China. As a joyous occasion, the Spring Festival symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. It is a time of reunion and relaxation after hard work for the whole year. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放作文。要求考生给杂志社撰文，写一篇文章介绍中国传统节日。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important → significant 庆祝：celebrate → observe 流行的，普遍的：popular→ common 高兴的：joyous →pleasing 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together. 拓展句：On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, where we enjoyed the festival together. 【点睛】【高分句型1】On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together.（运用了现在分词enjoying充当伴随状语） 【高分句型2】On that eve, we went outside to light crackers and fireworks, after which we came home to make dumplings.（运用了after which引导的非限制性定语从句） ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$