专题04 动词时态和语态（考点精讲）- 【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河南专用）

专题04 动词时态和语态 考点精讲 考点一：主要的时态的形式及含义 考点二：常考的含时态的句型 1、was /were about to do….when…正要做某事…这时突然… 2、was/were doing….when…. 正在做某事…这时突然… 3、had done….when….. 刚做完某事…这时突然… 4、was/were on the point of doing ….when…. 正要做某事…这时突然….. 5、had hardly done ....when....did= had no sooner done.....than....did...一......就..... 6、It [This] is the first time＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时 EG:It is the second time that I have visited Africa. 7、It [This] is the 最高级+名词＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时 EG：This is the most delicious food that I have eaten. 8、plan, hope, intend, want, mean等表示计划、准备、安排等的动词，它们的过去完成时态表示未曾实现的过去愿望。I had planned to attend the lecture, but I forgot it. 9、… ago用于一般过去和过去进行时态   见到by用完成时态。by now现在完成时态 by 2005过去完成时态   by 2050将来完成时态   10、含有时间状语recently，since....., in the past/last two years,never, for two years, three times(twice), so far=up to now=up to the present现在完成(进行)时态。  考点三：被动语态 ①被动语态往往用于动作执行者不明确、不重要或者没必要提及的场合。不及物动词没有被动语态。 Students should be encouraged to do more physical exercise. ②It is said/believed/reported that .…. 和 sb. is said/believed/reported to do.句型。 It is reported that three men were killed in the car accident yesterday. =Three men are reported to have been killed in the car accident yesterday. ③某些动词表示主语某种属性时，主动表被动。这类动词往往和well, easily, slowly, quickly 等副词连用。 The books written by this famous writer always sell well. 常用表示感觉、情感、心理状态、所有关系的动词，它们一般不用于进行时态 love, like, hate, want, hope, need, require, desire, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe, recognize, envy, doubt, suppose, mean, remain, consist, contain, seem, see, fit, suit, look(看上去)，owe, find, mind, have(有), matter, belong, own, possess, want, appreciate, hope, agree, need 等 常用表示状态的及物动词，它们不能使用被动语态 have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become, cost, last, survive, belong to 等 1．Thirty years ago, five factories ________ (build) in our village, polluting the environment badly. 2．Last year, a lot of measures _______(take) by the government to protect our mother river. 3．In the past few decades, our hometown _______ (see) great changes. 4．So far, all the homeless people _______(give) food and shelter. 5．In the last five years , more and more people ________ (buy) electric cars. 6．In the past twenty years, a lot of ancient buildings ________ (destroy). 7．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention ________ (fix) on it. 8．The party will be held in the garden, if weather ________ (permit)． 9．He went into the room, ________ (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. 10．He volunteered to help control traffic, and ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week. 11．Big progress in art ________ (make) by him in the recent years. 12．He says that if it __________(rain) tomorrow, he won᾿t go fishing. 13．What he learned from school_______________(able) him to get through the work. 14．Neither we nor he _______________(be) willing to accept the result. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 动词时态和语态 考点精讲 考点一：主要的时态的形式及含义 考点二：常考的含时态的句型 1、was /were about to do….when…正要做某事…这时突然… 2、was/were doing….when…. 正在做某事…这时突然… 3、had done….when….. 刚做完某事…这时突然… 4、was/were on the point of doing ….when…. 正要做某事…这时突然….. 5、had hardly done ....when....did= had no sooner done.....than....did...一......就..... 6、It [This] is the first time＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时 EG:It is the second time that I have visited Africa. 7、It [This] is the 最高级+名词＋that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时 EG：This is the most delicious food that I have eaten. 8、plan, hope, intend, want, mean等表示计划、准备、安排等的动词，它们的过去完成时态表示未曾实现的过去愿望。I had planned to attend the lecture, but I forgot it. 9、… ago用于一般过去和过去进行时态   见到by用完成时态。by now现在完成时态 by 2005过去完成时态   by 2050将来完成时态   10、含有时间状语recently，since....., in the past/last two years,never, for two years, three times(twice), so far=up to now=up to the present现在完成(进行)时态。  考点三：被动语态 ①被动语态往往用于动作执行者不明确、不重要或者没必要提及的场合。不及物动词没有被动语态。 Students should be encouraged to do more physical exercise. ②It is said/believed/reported that .…. 和 sb. is said/believed/reported to do.句型。 It is reported that three men were killed in the car accident yesterday. =Three men are reported to have been killed in the car accident yesterday. ③某些动词表示主语某种属性时，主动表被动。这类动词往往和well, easily, slowly, quickly 等副词连用。 The books written by this famous writer always sell well. 常用表示感觉、情感、心理状态、所有关系的动词，它们一般不用于进行时态 love, like, hate, want, hope, need, require, desire, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe, recognize, envy, doubt, suppose, mean, remain, consist, contain, seem, see, fit, suit, look(看上去)，owe, find, mind, have(有), matter, belong, own, possess, want, appreciate, hope, agree, need 等 常用表示状态的及物动词，它们不能使用被动语态 have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become, cost, last, survive, belong to 等 1．Thirty years ago, five factories ________ (build) in our village, polluting the environment badly. 【答案】were built 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：30年前，我们村里建了5家工厂，严重污染了环境。build与主语five factories是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Thirty years ago可知，此处陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were built。 2．Last year, a lot of measures _______(take) by the government to protect our mother river. 【答案】were taken 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：去年，政府采取了很多措施来保护我们的母亲河。take与主语a lot of measures是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Last year可知，此处陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were taken。 3．In the past few decades, our hometown _______ (see) great changes. 【答案】has seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。空处在句中作谓语，由In the past few decades可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语our hometown和动词see(见证)是主动关系，主语为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，故填has seen。 4．So far, all the homeless people _______(give) food and shelter. 【答案】have been given 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：到目前为止，所有无家可归的人都得到了食物和住所。give与主语all the homeless people是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由so far可知，应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been given。 5．In the last five years , more and more people ________ (buy) electric cars. 【答案】have bought 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的五年里，越来越多的人买了电动汽车。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，用现在完成时。主语是more and more people，助动词用have。根据句意，故填have bought。 6．In the past twenty years, a lot of ancient buildings ________ (destroy). 【答案】have been destroyed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：在过去的二十年里，许多古建筑被破坏了。destroy与主语a lot of ancient buildings是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由In the past twenty years可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been destroyed。 7．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention ________ (fix) on it. 【答案】was fixed 　 【详解】考查动词。句意：吉姆聚精会神地听讲座，他所有的注意力都集中在上面。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。同时fix意为“集中，固定”，其与attention之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was fixed。 8．The party will be held in the garden, if weather ________ (permit)． 【答案】permits 　 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园里举行。根据“主将从现”的原则，时间状语从句使用一般现在时表将来。故填permits。 9．He went into the room, ________ (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. 【答案】sat 　 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他走进房间，坐在桌旁，开始看报纸。根据句意及所给句子可知，设空处与went和began是并列谓语动词，应用一般过去时。故填sat。 10．He volunteered to help control traffic, and ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week. 【答案】donated 　 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他自愿帮助控制交通，每周贡献一小时的时间。设空处与volunteered是并列谓语动词，应用一般过去时。故填donated。 11．Big progress in art ________ (make) by him in the recent years. 【答案】has been made 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：近年来他在艺术方面取得了很大的进步。根据in the recent years可知，本句为现在完成时，主语A big progress 与 make为被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has been made。 12．He says that if it __________(rain) tomorrow, he won᾿t go fishing. 【答案】rains 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他说如果明天下雨，他就不去钓鱼。分析句子结构可知，此处在从句中作谓语，根据时间状语tomorrow可知，谓语动词应使用一般将来时，条件状语从句谓语动词使用一般现在时表将来。故填rains。 13．What he learned from school_______________(able) him to get through the work. 【答案】enabled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在学校所学的知识使他能够完成这项工作。分析句子，该空需要一个动词作谓语，前面what引导了主语从句；提示词able为形容词，其动词形式enable符合句意，enable somebody to do something意为“使得某人能够做某事”；根据主语从句谓语learned可判断主句谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填enabled。 14．Neither we nor he _______________(be) willing to accept the result. 【答案】is/was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们和他都不愿意接受这个结果。句中陈述过去事情或现在事实，用一般过去时或一般现在时。neither...nor...连接句子的主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要和邻近的保持一致；本句中谓语动词要和单数第三人称he保持一致。根据句意，故填is/was。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$