专题05 非谓语动词（考点精讲）- 【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（江西专用）

专题05 非谓语动词 考点精讲 考点一：不定式: to do ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） 1.     作主语  不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，往往用it 作形式主语。 It is selfish of him not to contribute anything. In fact, it is hard for the police to keep order in an important football match. It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. 2.     作宾语 He managed to escape from the fire. David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 经常用不定式做宾语的动词有 四个希望三答应：hope wish expect long agree promise undertake 五个想要巧安排：intend plan want mean desire arrange 设法学会做决定：manage learn decide determine 企图假装要选择：attempt pretend choose 提供要求勿拒绝：offer demand refuse 威胁准备不失败：threaten prepare fail 注意：it 作形式宾语的情况。 The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one form the other. We feel it our duty to make our country a better place. 3.     作宾语补足语 1) 动词+宾语+to do My advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill. Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of luggage onto the plane.（被动形式）      注意：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, allow, advise, beg, command, expect, forbid, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, would like, wait for, call on, arrange for 2）在感官动词如feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, observe和使役动词如have, let, make等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 They saw the boy fall off the tree.   The boy was seen to fall off the tree. 注意：We have him finish the work alone.       We get him to finish the work alone. 3）with的复合结构    I received an invitation, but with much work to do, I didn’t accept it. 4.     作定语 ⑴ I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.       The secretary asked the boss“Do you have anything to be typed?” (2) His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. The last one to arrive pays the bill. （被修饰词前常有only, last, next, 序数词或者形容词最高级） (3) The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.    This is the only way we can imagine to reduce the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. （被修饰词多为抽象名词如chance, right, reason, ability, effort, need, way等） 注意：如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。 Give me a pen to write with. 5. 作状语 (1) 做目的状语。有时为了加强语气，还可以用in order to do, so as to do，其中so as to do不能放在句首。 Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it could fly. More TV programs will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety. (2) 作结果状语，经常与only连用, 表事先没有预料到的结果，要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. He hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had already taken off. 另外还可用于以下句型 too… to do; such\ so … as to do She is too young to go to school. Would you be so kind as to help me carry the box? (3) 做原因状语, 通常用在一些表示情感或心理状态的形容词后边，解释说明产生该情绪的原因。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. They were pleased to hear from you. 6 作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面，作表语。通常用来解释主语的具体内容。如： His dream is to be a doctor. The question is how to put it into practice. The purpose of the program is to promote the understanding between the two countries. 考点二：动名词doing ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）   1. 作主语 谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构： It’s a waste of time…\ no good \ no use doing··· Preparing a delicious snack doesn’t have to be too difficult. It’s no use complaining without taking any action. It’s a waste of time talking about such a thing. 2. 作表语 My main job is collecting information about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 3. 作介词宾语 Lydia doesn’t feel like studying abroad. Her parents are old. They are accustomed to not talking when having meals. 常见的动词短语：devote to，look forward to，stick to，be used to，object to，feel like succeed in, be afraid of, give up, dream of 4. 作动词宾语 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? Bill suggested holding a meeting to discuss the problem. (1)   只能接动名词作宾语的动词： admit, advise, risk, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy，escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, suggest (2)   接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love， hate，begin，start，continue，prefer (3)   下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同。 stop to do 停下来去做                       stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做                          forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做                       remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 say, tell, inform等          regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做                      try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事）               go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做                             mean doing 意味做 In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (4)   need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。 The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 5. 作定语 动名词作定语，一般表示用途。 a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hall,  a swimming pool 考点三：现在分词 doing ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  1. 作表语：现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。 Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the readers. 2. 作定语：跟被修饰词构成主动关系 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前, 分词短语作定语, 放在所修饰词之后。 I travel to unusual places and meet interesting people from all over the world. Look over there---there’s a very long, winding path leading up to the house. Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in different supermarkets has caused a heated debate. 3. 作宾语补语: 跟宾语构成主动关系 用在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, find, listen to, look at和使役动词 have, get, catch, leave, keep, let后。 Do you hear someone calling for help? She could feel her heart beating with fear. 注意：现在分词和不定式都可以作宾语补足语，而且与宾语构成主动关系。不定式表示动作的全过程，而现在分词则表示动作正在进行。 We saw him go downstairs.我们看见他下楼了。 We saw him going downstairs.我们看见他正在下楼。 用在with的复合结构中 ---Come on, please give me some idea about the project. --- Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. 4. 作状语：跟主语构成主动关系 现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。　　 When (I was) walking in the street, I saw him. 注意：When he was walking in the street, I saw him. 由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。 考点四：过去分词：done 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶 1. 作表语：现在分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcano ash cloud. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop. 2. 作定语: 跟被修饰词构成被动关系 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 3.作宾语补语：跟宾语构成被动关系 Clair had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 4.作状语：跟逻辑主语构成被动关系 过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随等。 Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. The experiment shows that proper amount of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Encouraged by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 1. Today, throughout China,we find many examples of young people___65___(carry) on this tradition of respect. 2. With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains___61___(see) whether they will keep these promises. 3. ___62___(slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can't be achieved overnight. 4. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity(平庸) and has chosen to challenge herself, determined___63___(exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. 5.The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system ___43___(involve) knowledge, skills, and practices about the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea. 6. The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body___58___(wrap) with pearl grass. 7. She added the genealogy of the mother of the emperor, ___64___(provide) much information which was not usually kept. 8. Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women, originally only___65___(intend) for the daughters in Ban Zhao's family, was circulated immediately at court and in the communities. 9. Young people like to have a space all alone to themselves, which helps avoid conflicts___62___(cause) by different living habits from their parents. 10. ___58___(launch) in July and lasting almost a month, the project has sent more than 100 college students to six regions. 1. 答案：carrying 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是we find many examples of young people，我们发现了许多年轻人的案例，carry是非谓语动词作young people的后置定语，由于carry和young people之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词carrying，指继承这一尊重传统的年轻人。 2. 答案：to be seen 解析：此空考查remain的固定搭配，it remains to be seen whether something will happen意味着某事是否发生尚未可知，需拭目以待，其中非谓语动词不定式to be seen作系动词remain的表语。随着可持续发展的呼声日益高涨，许多品牌都宣布要做出改变，但它们是否会信守承诺还有待观察。 3. 答案：Slimming 解析：这句话的谓语动词can’t be achieved缺少主语，slim作形容词是“苗条的”，作动词是“减肥”，这里指的是减肥，用动名词slimming作can’t be achieved的主语，从100kg减到50kg是不可能在一夜之间实现的。 4. 答案：to exchange 解析：此空考查determine的固定搭配，首先，逗号后面的determined是形容词作伴随状语，修饰主语she，其次be determined to do sth是固定搭配，指下定决心做某事，这里指她下定决心要用汗水和努力换取今天的华丽蜕变，to exchange。 5. 答案：involving 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是the tea-making is a whole system，此空的involve需要填非谓语动词形式，由于system和involve是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词involving，作system的后置定语。 6. 答案：wrapped 解析：首先此空考查with+宾语+宾补的复合结构，这条龙全身包裹着珍珠草，body和wrap之间是逻辑上的被动关系，身体被包裹，因此用非谓语动词的过去分词形式作宾补，填wrapped。 7. 答案：providing 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是She added the genealogy，64空需要填非谓语动词，其次provide的逻辑主语是she，逻辑关系为主动，用现在分词形式providing。她还补充了皇帝母亲的家谱，提供了许多通常不被保存的信息。 8. 答案：intended 解析：首先这句话的主干结构是Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women was circulated，65空需要填非谓语动词，intend有打算、预留的意思，这里指班昭的《女学》原本只为班昭家的女儿们准备，intend与逻辑语Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women之间是被动关系，指《女学》被预留、被准备，因此用过去分词形式intended。 9. 答案：caused 解析：首先，which引导的定语从句主干结构完整，which helps avoid confilcts，62空需要填非谓语动词的形式，其次cause的逻辑主语为conflicts，逻辑关系为被动，由与父母不同的生活习惯产生的冲突，用过去分词caused，作conflicts的后置定语。 10. 答案：Launched 解析：首先，逗号后面是句子的主干部分，逗号前面的lauch和lasting并列，都是以the project为逻辑主语的非谓语动词，由于launch，与the project是逻辑上的被动关系，这个项目被发起，所以用过去分词launched。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 非谓语动词 考点精讲 考点一：不定式: to do ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） 1.     作主语  不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，往往用it 作形式主语。 It is selfish of him not to contribute anything. In fact, it is hard for the police to keep order in an important football match. It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. 2.     作宾语 He managed to escape from the fire. David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 经常用不定式做宾语的动词有 四个希望三答应：hope wish expect long agree promise undertake 五个想要巧安排：intend plan want mean desire arrange 设法学会做决定：manage learn decide determine 企图假装要选择：attempt pretend choose 提供要求勿拒绝：offer demand refuse 威胁准备不失败：threaten prepare fail 注意：it 作形式宾语的情况。 The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one form the other. We feel it our duty to make our country a better place. 3.     作宾语补足语 1) 动词+宾语+to do My advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill. Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of luggage onto the plane.（被动形式）      注意：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, allow, advise, beg, command, expect, forbid, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, would like, wait for, call on, arrange for 2）在感官动词如feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, observe和使役动词如have, let, make等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 They saw the boy fall off the tree.   The boy was seen to fall off the tree. 注意：We have him finish the work alone.       We get him to finish the work alone. 3）with的复合结构    I received an invitation, but with much work to do, I didn’t accept it. 4.     作定语 ⑴ I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.       The secretary asked the boss“Do you have anything to be typed?” (2) His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. The last one to arrive pays the bill. （被修饰词前常有only, last, next, 序数词或者形容词最高级） (3) The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.    This is the only way we can imagine to reduce the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. （被修饰词多为抽象名词如chance, right, reason, ability, effort, need, way等） 注意：如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。 Give me a pen to write with. 5. 作状语 (1) 做目的状语。有时为了加强语气，还可以用in order to do, so as to do，其中so as to do不能放在句首。 Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it could fly. More TV programs will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety. (2) 作结果状语，经常与only连用, 表事先没有预料到的结果，要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. He hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had already taken off. 另外还可用于以下句型 too… to do; such\ so … as to do She is too young to go to school. Would you be so kind as to help me carry the box? (3) 做原因状语, 通常用在一些表示情感或心理状态的形容词后边，解释说明产生该情绪的原因。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. They were pleased to hear from you. 6 作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面，作表语。通常用来解释主语的具体内容。如： His dream is to be a doctor. The question is how to put it into practice. The purpose of the program is to promote the understanding between the two countries. 考点二：动名词doing ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）   1. 作主语 谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构： It’s a waste of time…\ no good \ no use doing··· Preparing a delicious snack doesn’t have to be too difficult. It’s no use complaining without taking any action. It’s a waste of time talking about such a thing. 2. 作表语 My main job is collecting information about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 3. 作介词宾语 Lydia doesn’t feel like studying abroad. Her parents are old. They are accustomed to not talking when having meals. 常见的动词短语：devote to，look forward to，stick to，be used to，object to，feel like succeed in, be afraid of, give up, dream of 4. 作动词宾语 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? Bill suggested holding a meeting to discuss the problem. (1)   只能接动名词作宾语的动词： admit, advise, risk, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy，escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, suggest (2)   接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love， hate，begin，start，continue，prefer (3)   下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同。 stop to do 停下来去做                       stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做                          forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做                       remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 say, tell, inform等          regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做                      try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事）               go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做                             mean doing 意味做 In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (4)   need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。 The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 5. 作定语 动名词作定语，一般表示用途。 a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hall,  a swimming pool 考点三：现在分词 doing ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  1. 作表语：现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。 Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the readers. 2. 作定语：跟被修饰词构成主动关系 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前, 分词短语作定语, 放在所修饰词之后。 I travel to unusual places and meet interesting people from all over the world. Look over there---there’s a very long, winding path leading up to the house. Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in different supermarkets has caused a heated debate. 3. 作宾语补语: 跟宾语构成主动关系 用在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, find, listen to, look at和使役动词 have, get, catch, leave, keep, let后。 Do you hear someone calling for help? She could feel her heart beating with fear. 注意：现在分词和不定式都可以作宾语补足语，而且与宾语构成主动关系。不定式表示动作的全过程，而现在分词则表示动作正在进行。 We saw him go downstairs.我们看见他下楼了。 We saw him going downstairs.我们看见他正在下楼。 用在with的复合结构中 ---Come on, please give me some idea about the project. --- Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. 4. 作状语：跟主语构成主动关系 现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。　　 When (I was) walking in the street, I saw him. 注意：When he was walking in the street, I saw him. 由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。 考点四：过去分词：done 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶 1. 作表语：现在分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcano ash cloud. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop. 2. 作定语: 跟被修饰词构成被动关系 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 3.作宾语补语：跟宾语构成被动关系 Clair had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 4.作状语：跟逻辑主语构成被动关系 过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随等。 Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. The experiment shows that proper amount of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Encouraged by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 1. Today, throughout China,we find many examples of young people___65___(carry) on this tradition of respect. 2. With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains___61___(see) whether they will keep these promises. 3. ___62___(slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can't be achieved overnight. 4. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity(平庸) and has chosen to challenge herself, determined___63___(exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. 5.The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system ___43___(involve) knowledge, skills, and practices about the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea. 6. The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body___58___(wrap) with pearl grass. 7. She added the genealogy of the mother of the emperor, ___64___(provide) much information which was not usually kept. 8. Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women, originally only___65___(intend) for the daughters in Ban Zhao's family, was circulated immediately at court and in the communities. 9. Young people like to have a space all alone to themselves, which helps avoid conflicts___62___(cause) by different living habits from their parents. 10. ___58___(launch) in July and lasting almost a month, the project has sent more than 100 college students to six regions. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$