Module 4 Unit 2 知识点课件 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语上册

M4u2 知识讲解 1.journey名词，意为“旅行”、“旅程”。常指远距离的或陆地的旅行。一般指单程，不回到出发地的旅行。 travel 名词，意为“旅行”。泛指一般意义的旅行，不能特指某一次的旅行。前面可以用物主代词，但不能与many或数词连用。 trip名词，意为“旅行”、“远足”。常指近距离的旅行或远足。一般指双程，还回到出发地的旅行。 知识讲解 2. I’m planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. 我正打算从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹旅行一趟。 plan 作动词用，plan to do sth. “计划干某事”。 plan还可以用作名词，意为“计划” make a plan for... "为......制定计划" He planned to leave London on Monday. 他打算周一离开伦敦。 We don’t have any plans for the weekend. 我们周末没有什么安排。 知识讲解 3. How long does the journey take and what is the best way to travel? 这趟旅程花费了多长时间？最好的旅行方式是什么？ (1) how long 意为“多长时间”，用于询问时间段。 (2) how long 还可以用来询问物体的长度。 e.g. — How long did you live here? 你在这儿住了多长时间了？ — Three years. 三年了。 — How long is the desk?桌 子有多长？ — It’s 1.5 meters. 1.5米长。 知识讲解 4. The more information, the better. 信息越多越好。 句型“the+比较级， the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。例如： The older he gets, the happier he is. 他越活越开心。 The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。 1. Study hard! ____ you study, _____ results you’ll get. A. Harder; better B. The harder; better C. The harder; the better D. Harder; the better 2. Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. _______ you are, ________ mistakes you’ll make. A. The more carefully, the fewer B. The more careful, the less C. The more carefully, the less D. The more careful, the fewer 知识讲解 5. A journey by train is more relaxing than by coach, but a lot more expensive. 坐火车旅行要比坐长途汽车更放松，但会贵很多。 在比较级前添加a lot,，much,，a little， a bit等词，可以说明程度； 添加even, still等词，可以表示强调。例如： Derek’s room is a bit bigger than Beibei’s. 德里克的房间比贝贝的房间要大一点儿。 This will make our job even more difficult. 这将会使我们的工作更加困难。 知识讲解 6. You can go by car and by ship across the North Sea. 你可以坐小汽车或者乘船穿过北海。 across 为介词，意为“穿过；横过”，指从一边到另一边，强调穿越物体的表面，常与field, street, road, river等词连用。 【注意】 through也有“穿过”之意，指从物体的内部穿过。 【图解】 Please be careful when you go across the street. 过街道时要小心。 You can see through glass. 可以透过玻璃看过去。 从物体内部穿过 从物体表面穿过 知识讲解 7. Book your ticket before you book your hotel. 订旅馆之前，要先订（机）票。 book在本课中是动词，意思是“预订” 。例如： I booked a table for two at 8 pm. 我预订了晚上8点的两人桌。 Mike booked hotel rooms for the women and children. 麦克为妇女和孩子预订了酒店房间。 park在本课中是动词，意思是“停车” 。 8. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there. 去那会花费你大约12个小时的时间。 take为动词，意为“花费”，常用于It takes + 人 + 时间 + to do sth. 句型，意为“做某事花费某人一段时间”。 【注意】句中it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。 e.g. It takes me half an hour to get to school every day. 每天到校花费我半个小时的时间。 知识讲解 9. However, it will not cost as much as going by train. 但是， 但是，花费比坐火车少。。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下： (1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱 某物花了（某人）多少钱 A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间 某物/做某事花了（某人）多少时间  cost 可作名词，意为“价钱；成本；代价”；也可以作动词，意为“价钱为；花费”。cost作动词时，过去式和过去分词同原形形式一样，三词同形。 e.g. This bag costs me 50 dollars. 这个包花费了我50美元。 知识讲解 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意与take区分： (1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间 It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路 (2) doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。  cost 主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“价值” sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱 某物花了(某人)多少钱 A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了 这些新单词。 take 后面常跟双宾语 It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 It took them three years to build this road. 他们花了三年时间修这条路。 (doing) sth. takes sb. ＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 1.这本书花了我三元。 The book cost me three yuan. I paid three yuan for the book. I spent three yuan on the book. I spent three yuan (in) buying the book. 2.做作业花了我两个小时。 I spent two hours on my homework. I spent two hours (in) doing my homework. It took me two hours to do my homework. 知识讲解 10. However, it will not cost as much as going by train. 但是，花费比坐火车少。 e.g. He doesn’t like pork. However, he will try just a little this time. 他不喜欢吃猪肉，但是，他这次要尝试一点儿。 知识讲解 but 并列连词，连接两个并列分句，上下两句在总的意义上构成了对比。常用于口语。 I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time. 我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 however 副词，不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。比but用的场合更正式。 It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是 出去寻找那个男孩。 however和but使用的区别 1). 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。 2). 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。 3). 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾。 4). 从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。 e.g. We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。 He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。 He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。 知识讲解 11. …but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather. ……但是你可能因为坏天气需要在机场等好几个小时。 e.g. He didn’t go to work because of his illness. 因为生病，他没去上班。 【拓展】可以与because相互转换 e.g. He didn’t go to work because he is ill. 知识讲解 because 连词，引导原因状语从句。 Because it rained, I couldn’t go there yesterday. 因为下雨，我昨天没去那里。 because of 介词短语，后接名词、名词短语、代词或动词的-ing 形式。 Because of the rain, I couldn’t go there yesterday. 因为下雨，我昨天没去那里。 写出下列形容词的最高级 1.tall______ 2.long______ 3.hard______ 4.late______ 5.big______ 6.early______ 7.careful______ 8.dangerous______ 9.busy______ 10.hot______ 11.short______ 12.close______ 13.easy______ 14.slowly______ 15.old______ 16.badly______ 17.little______ 18.far______ 19.good______ 20.many______ 1.tall tallest 2.long longest 3.hard hardest 4.late latest 5.big biggest 6.early earliest 7.careful most careful 8. dangerous most dangerous 9.busy busiest 10. hot hottest 11.short shortest 12.close closest 13.easy easiest 14.slowly most slowly 15.old oldest 16. badly worst 17.little least 18.far farthest 19.good best 20.many most Exercise 1. Travelling by boat is exciting but it _____ a long time. 2. This bike _____ me 500 yuan. 3. How much did you ____ for this book? 4. The hamburgers are unhealthy ______most of the children like them. 5. I went to Beijing last week. ________, I didn’t visit the Great Wall. 选词填空 pay but However takes cost pay; take; cost however; but Exercise 根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他正计划明天上午去野餐。 He is_________ _______have a picnic tomorrow morning. 2. 徐涛和我有一样多的面包。 Xu Tao has______ ________bread ______ I. 3. 因为重感冒，萧雅没有去上学。 Xiao Ya didn't go to school________ ______ a bad cold. 4. ——下周一我将去英国旅行。——祝你旅行愉快！ —I will travel to England next Monday. —______ ___ ______ ______! 5. 你的房间比我的大得多。 Your room is _____ _____ bigger than mine. planning to because of as much as Have a good trip a lot Exercise 1. The old computer ____ (cost) me about 2,000 yuan two years ago. 2. Danny is _______ (plan) to give a speech in Chinese. 3. The ______ (busy) she was, the _______(happy) she felt. 4. It took her about two hours _______ (clean) her bedroom. 5. Ma Tao runs the second _______ (fast) in his class. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 busier happier to clean cost planning fastest Exercise 6. Hong Kong is in the ________(south) part of China. 7. I think Jim is _____________(friendly) than Tom. 8. Please remember ________(turn) off the light before you leave. 9. It will take you twenty minutes ________(get) there. 10. Travelling by coach is one of ____________(cheap) ways. to get the cheapest to turn more friendly southern Exercise —What do you think of the traffic in our city? —It’s _____ than it used to be, but there’s still a long way to go. A. worse B. worst C. better D. best 2. Traveling around big cities by taxi can cost a lot of money, but it’s usually _____ to take the underground train to most places. A. amazing B. expensive C. convenient D. exciting Exercise 3. Liu Ying is as _____ as her sister. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest 4. I am good at math, but his English is ________ than mine. A. much better B. more better C. very better D. pretty better 5. The world’s population is growing _____ and there is _____ land and water for growing rice. A. more; less B. larger; fewer C. larger; less D. more; fewer Exercise 6. It’s _____ to listen to light music when you feel tired. A. dangerous B. scary C. relaxing D. difficult 7. —Which season do you like _______, summer or winter? —Summer. A. well B. best C. better Exercise 8. I am good at math, but his English is ______ than mine. A. much better B. more better C. very better D. pretty better 9. The world’s population is growing _____ and there is _____ land and water for growing rice. A. more; less B. larger; fewer C. larger; less D. more; fewer Exercise 1. —Peter is _______ than you, right? —Yes, but he is ___ runner in our class. A. heavier; best B. heavy; the best C. heavier; the best D. heavy; better 2. I had to call a taxi because the box was ___ than I’d expected. A. heavy B. heavier C.the heavier D. the heaviest 3. — Why is the traffic today moving so slowly? We are running late! — Let’s take ____ route. Turn left over there. A. a same B. the same C. a different D. the different 4. Listening is just as ______ as speaking in language learning. 　　 A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 5. Tian’anmen square is one of ____ squares in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 6. ___ all the students in his class, Xiao Ming writes ________. A. Of, most carefully B. In, the most carefully C. Of, very carefully D. In, much more carefully 三、根据提示完成句子。 不要去学校操场以外的地方。 Don’t go ______ ___ ______ __________. 2. 我想预订今晚音乐会的三个座位。 I’d like to _____ _____ _____ for tonight’s concert. 3. 它值多少钱？ How _____ does it ____ ? 4. 他们是为了我们而来到这里的。 They are here _______ ___ ___. outside the school playground book three seats much cost because of us Exercise 1. Every coin has two sides. 2. Everyone has different choices, because everyone has their own personal conditions. 3. The one that fits you is the best for you. $$