语音音标学习（适用于广东省汕头市）（课件）-2023-2024学年通用版英语六年级下册

English Pronunciation and Intonation English phonetic symbols Consonants 24 28 Vowels 20 元音（20个） 单元音 12 长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音 /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /i/ /u/ /e/ /æ/ 双元音 8 /eɪ/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ / ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /uə/ English vowels Pure vowels Front /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/ Central /ɜ:/ /ə/ Back /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ /ɒ / /ɔ:/ /ʊ/ /u:/ diphthongs closing /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əu/ /au/ centring /ɪə/ /eə/ /uə/ 辅音（28个） 清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /h/ /tʃ/ /ts/ /tr/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /r/ /dz/ /dr/ English consonants Stops / p b t d k g / Fricatives / f v θ ð s z ʃ ӡ h r / Affricates / ʧ ʤ / Nasals / m n ŋ / Lateral / l / Semi-vowels / w j / / tr dr ts dz / 爆破音 /p/--/b/ /t/--/d/ /k/--/g/ 摩擦音 /f/--/v/ /θ/--/ð/ /s/--/z/ /ʃ/--/ʒ/ /h/ /r/ 破擦音 /tʃ/--/dʒ/ /tr/-- /dr/ /ts/-- dz/ 鼻 音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 半元音 /j/ /w/ 边音 /ǀ/ /ł/ p b m w f v θ ð t d s z n l ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ r k g ŋ h Place manner Bilab- ial Labio- dental Dental Alveolar Palato- alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Stops p b t d k g Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ӡ h Affricates ʧ ʤ Nasals m n ŋ Lateral l ł approximants w r j /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ Consonant clusters plosives /p -- b/ /t – d/ /k – g/ Incomplete plosive Big bang top tea stop Dick dig gold rob Ted cat catcher sad Bob big grapes Fricatives / f /--/ v / /θ/--/ð / /s/--/z/ /ʃ/--/ʒ/ /h/ /r/ Affricates /tʃ/--/dʒ/ /tr/-- /dr/ /ts/-- dz/ /ʃ/--/ʒ/ sheep jeep shin gin hash hatch shoes choose fission vision pressure pleasure shed shy shout shall show shoot shot share sure shine /tʃ/--/dʒ/ chest jest cheer jeer choke joke chump jump etch edge searches surges riches ridges lunched lunged batches badges perched purged /r/ read rid red rat rot raw root right road row rear rare flame flesh flank flapping floe frame fresh frank frapping fro / m n ŋ / Kim kin king Some son sung Rum run rung Ram ran rang Tim tin ting thin win ton ban thing wing tongue bang /w/ /r/ /l/ wed red led weed read lead white right light wait rate late wise rise lies way ray lay road load /w/ /v/ west vest wise vice wet vet wine vine worse verse wail veil wiper viper Very well. We will win! /l/ /n/ lice nice line nine low no slow snow lap nap lay neigh light night lock knock slack snack /ǀ/ /ł/ bell pill tell feel fill fell hall tall hill field call file tail fail frail fragile tail sale hail jail wailed tell sell hell jell weld Front vowels /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ he fee feel sheet Cheek tree Dream each teacher [′ti:tʃə] field Come to tea! Come to tea with me! Come to tea with me by the sea! If you are free, come to tea with me by the sea! Please keep these streets clean. These geese were feeding green leaves beneath the trees. The teacher repeated the speech to please the people. We eat meat, peas, beans and cheese for our three meals. Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field? fill   [fil] bill [bil] sit [sit] pig [piɡ] big [biɡ] picture [′piktʃə] He’s swimming. He’s swimming in the river. He’s swimming in the river with Tim Be quick! Be quick! The film is going to begin in a minute. This is his ticket. Give him his ticket. /i:/ /i/ eat it meat mitt peak pick bead bid deep dip beat bit ease is seen sin meal mill leave live /i/ /e/ him hem sit set lid led rid red lint lent since sense sinned send wrist rest knit net pick peck /i:/ /i/ /e/ lead lid led wheat wit wet bean bin Ben cheek chick check feel fill fell reach rich wretch Ted ate some bread and an egg for breakfast this weekend . fell [fel] bed [bed] sell [sel] desk [desk] head [hed] lesson [′lesən] better [′betə] Ted sells eggs. Ted sells hen’s eggs. Ted sells the best hen’s eggs. Ted sells the best hen’s eggs every Wednesday. Ted sells the best hen’s eggs every Wednesday with the help of his friends. Good, Better, Best Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till good is better, And better best. /e/ /æ/ bet bat end and led lad lend land leg lag merry marry guess gas beck back then than mess mass fat [fæt] nap [ næp] lad [læd] hand [ hænd ] shall [ʃæl ] chat [tʃæt ] van [væn] wax [wæks] happy [′hæpi] Jack attacked the man. Jack attacked the man in the van. Jack attacked the man in the van with a hammer. Jack attacked the man in the van with a hammer in his hand. Cat! The black cat! The fat black cat! Catch the fat black cat! /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ meat mitt met mat neat knit net gnat beat bit bet bat peak pick peck pack Pete pit pet pat teen tin ten tan dean din den Dan keep kit kept cap reek Rick wreck rack /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ eat it ate at heel hill hell Hal seat sit set sat lead lid led lad cheek chick check chat sheet shit shed shall /ɜ:/ /ə/ work worker fur further nurse nursery purse lurk third first bird Central vowels /ə/ above arrive again attack ago afraid a bit a nut an arm at a party the book /ə/ Schwa Function words unstressed in sentences must We must go now. shall What shall I do? was He was out. were We were all late. will That will do. at Look at him. for Is it for me? from They come from USA. of It’s very kind of you. to You don’t have to worry. and We had fish and chips. as Just as you like. but It’s good but expensive. so It’s not so cold here. than It’s bigger than this. that He said that he was coming. Back vowels /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ /ɒ / /ɔ:/ /ʊ/ /u:/ /ɔ:/ backward long law paw door horse four form forty saw some more on the floor /u:/ two tool soon blue goose school Sue choose shoe loose tooth /u/ short and quick good book bull stood cook full would wool put park barn dark cart Carp puck bun duck cut cup calm heart march lark staff come hut much luck stuff port taught dawn court cork pot tot Don cot cock forks sword short sport nought fox sod shot spot not Luke stewed shooed wooed who’d look stood should wood hood pock dock cot cough god park dark cart calf guard gloss hop hot lock Bon glass harp heart lark barn pool kook fool fool cooed pull cook full full could /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ /ɒ / /ɔ:/ /ʊ/ /u:/ shut shark shot short should shoot cut cart cot court could cooed luck lark lock lord look loot none nasty nod north nook noon hut heart hot horse hook whose won vase what ward wood wound gut guard god gored good goose /eɪ/ pay pain pace paper say save safe safer ray rain race rainy waiting for a bus take it away /ai/ why wide wife eye ice either lie line lice lighter have a try find my tie fly a kite high in the sky a white line quite shy /əu/ low load loaf loading hoe home hope hopeful know known note notice throw stone on the road /au/ now noun mouse louder how howl house housing cow gown south country in the crowd sound good shout loudly a large mouth / ɔɪ/ joy join joiner Joyce boy boil point pointer Roy coin choice toilet a noisy boy enjoy toys destroy oil spoil /iə/ fear fears fierce fearless near neared appear quite serious be superior sincere hear better /eə/ scare scared scary dare dared chair pairs of shoes in the square have the chairs repaired /uə/ tour tours tourist cure cured curious sure cruel cruelty a poor man in the moor chest cheer choke chump etch jest jeer joke jump edge yoke yacht yet west worse joke jot jet vest verse weal weep wing twice away veal reap ring trice array yak year yard yes yam Jack jeer jarred Jess jam peer tear dear fear sheer pair tare dare fair share spear really steering poor found spare rarely staring pull phoned town file tiles sell red tone foil toils sail raid men less wet seal feel main lace wait sail fail peer tear dear fear sheer pair tare dare fair share poor tour doer fewer sure spear leer mere spare lair mare spoor lure moor fail shale mailed bale tail fell shell meld bell dell When to use strong forms when they occur at he end of a sentence, when they are being contrasted when they are used for emphasis when they are cited or quoted. Main features of the weak forms reductions of the length of sounds obscuration of vowels towards the schwa elision of vowels and consonants Weak forms a /ei/ /ə/ We’ve got a dog. an /æn/ /ən/ Take an apple. her /hə:/ /hə/ What’s her name? his /hiz/ /iz/ Jhon had his hair cut. some /sʌm/ /səm/ Get me some water. our /a:/ We can do it on our own. the /ə/ the young and the old your /ə/ Take your time. he /hi/ What did he do? me /mi/ Let me have a look. she /i/ Did she come? them /ə/ Let them go. us /əs/ He told us a story. we /wi:/----/wi/ Here we are. you Did you see him? him /him/ ----/im/ am I’m proud of you/it. are What are you doing? be Don’t be late. can What can I do? do What do you do on Sundays? does When do you get up? had How many had he had? has What has happened? have The kids have gone. is He’s coming. must We must go now. shall What shall I do? was He was out. were We were all late. will That will do. at Look at him. for Is it for me? from They come from USA. of It’s very kind of you. to You don’t have to worry. and We had fish and chips. as Just as you like. but It’s good but expensive. so It’s not so cold here. than It’s bigger than this. that He said that he was coming. $$