内容正文:
第05讲 介词
分析近几年湖南省对口招生考试试题,介词的用法很灵活,常与名词、形容词、动词搭配。从历年的对口招生考试试题来看,主要考查介词的用法辨析、介词短语的搭配等。介词的学习主要靠考生平时在学习中多积累、多记忆。
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一、定义
介词又叫作前置词,是一种用来表示名词、代词等与句中其他词关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词 + 名词 / 代词 (宾格)/ 动词ing/从句作宾语。
二、用法
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till表示“直到……为止”;
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from表示“从……起”;
since表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外,偶然地, by nature天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与because of,owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but表示“除……以外”,与except同义,但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与in favor of同义。
Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
常见的介词搭配
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arrive in/at到达
ask for要,请求
at the same time同时
at first首先,起初
at last最后
at once立刻,马上
at least至少
at the beginning/end of
在……的开始/结尾
be afraid of 害怕
be angry with sb.对某人生气
be busy with 忙于
be good at 在……方面好
be good for 对……有好处
be bad for 对……有坏处
be late for 迟到
be sorry for 为……遗憾,抱歉
be full of/be filled with 充满
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be different from 与……不同
be strict with sb.in sth.
在某事上对某人严格
be fond of 喜爱
be made of +从成品上看得出的材料
be made from+从成品上看不出的原料
be made in+产地
break down出故障
begin with以……开始
break in闯入
by the way顺便说说/问问
belong to属于
believe in信任
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒
cut in插嘴
die of死于……
depend on依靠,依赖
deal/do with处理
give in投降
give up放弃
give out发出(光、气体、气味、烟雾、热)
give away赠送
get on/off上/下车
get in 收割
get over克服
go on继续
go over复习,温习
go out熄灭
go by时间流逝
go through 经历
hear from收到……来信
hear of听说
in time及时
in bed卧床
in life一生中
in a hurry匆忙
in a word总而言之,一句话
in trouble处于困境
in fact事实上
in the street在街上
in the end最后,终于
in no time立刻,很快
in order按顺序,整齐,正常
in order to为了,以便
laugh at嘲笑
leave for离开一地去另一地
look at (有意识地)看
look for寻找
look like看上去像
look after照顾,照看
look up抬头看,查找
look up to尊敬,敬仰
look through浏览,翻阅
look out当心
on time准时,按时
on one's way to在……的路上
one by one一个接一个
pass on传递
put up穿上,挂上
put away放好
put on穿上,增加
put off 推迟
put down放下
put out 扑灭
set up创立,建立
set out 启程,动身
smile at向……微笑
shout at大声叫喊,吼叫
to one's surprise/joy使某人吃惊/高兴的是
think of考虑,关心
turn up音量调大,出现
turn down音量调小
turn into把……变成
turn on/off打开/关上
turn to朝向,求助于
turn out 结果证明是
take away拿走,带走
take off脱下,起飞
take in吸收,理解,欺骗
take up 占据
介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点1 介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费,徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition健康
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort舒适地
⑤ of +n. 表示特征
of value 有价值 of importance重要 of use 有用
of help 有帮助 of interest有兴趣 of ability 有能力
⑥ on +n. 表示状态
on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display展览 on business 因公出差
on strike在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ out of +n 表示状态
out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger脱离危险
out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office 在野,不执政 out of business 失业
out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债
out of control不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
易错提醒: 考生容易死记硬背短语搭配,例如遇到 stand只想到自己最熟悉的短语,但有的动词可以搭配较多介词,分别引用有不同的语境,需要瞻前顾后,分析句子结构,理清句意才能得出正确答案。
知识点2 介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + about
be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握
be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢
be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓
be shocked at ……震惊
③ adj. + from
be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同
④ adj. + for
be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for渴望 be eager for 渴望
be fit for 适合 be unfit for不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激
be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for为……作好准备
be responsible for 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于
be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验
be expert in 在……方面熟练
be fortunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + of
be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的
be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦
be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of 免于
be shy of 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + to
be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利
be harmful to 对……有害
be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定…
be equal to 等于
be familiar to对……所熟悉 be favourable to对……有利
be harmful to对……有害
be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to对……有礼貌
be suitable to 适合
be rude to对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足 be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉
be friendly with 与……友好
be nervous with 对……紧张
be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + on
be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于……
be severe on对……严格/严厉
知识点3 介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地
little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地
② n. + after +n.
day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆
④ n. + to + n.
day to day 日常的 heart to heart互相交心地 face to face 面对面地
back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +of
in fear of 害怕 in charge of负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一
in control of 管理 in danger of处于……的危险中 in terms of就......而言
in respect of关于,涉及 in spite of尽管,虽然 in praise of表扬
1.They will have a math test______two days.
A.for B.at C.in D.after
2.My brother joined the army ______March ______1989.
A.in;on B.in;in
C.on;on D.on;in
3.We had our breakfast______a quarter ______seven.
A./;to B.in;to C.at;to D.on;to
4.The manager was very satisfied______his work.
A.in B.on C.about D.with
5.Everything is changing so fast these days,and even young people find it difficult to ______the time.
A.get hold of B.be covered with
C.get along with D.keep up with
6.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students______financial aid.
A.in favour of B.in honour of
C.in face of D.in need of
7.You'd better______ your books after reading them.
A.put up B.put on
C.put down D.put away
8.At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ______.
A.out of sight B.out of reach
C.out of order D.out of place
9.If you really have to leave during the meeting,you'd better leave______the back door.
A.for B.by C.across D.out
10.The two sportsmen congratulated each other______ winning the match by shaking hands.
A.with B.on C.in D.to
11.—When did you last hear ______ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning,and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.
A.of;to B.about;with
C.from;with D.from;on
12.Mr Black got to Hangzhou ______a few days.
A.in B.after C.on D.at
13.It's a bad manner to laugh______people when they are ______trouble.
A.over;in B.at;in C.in;at D.at;for
14.The teacher is writing on the paper ______red ink and the blackboard ______a piece of chalk.
A.with;with B.in;with
C.with;in D.in;in
15.How many English words had you learnt______last term?
A.by the end of B.at the end of
C.to the end of D.till the end of
$$第05讲 介词
分析近几年湖南省对口招生考试试题,介词的用法很灵活,常与名词、形容词、动词搭配。从历年的对口招生考试试题来看,主要考查介词的用法辨析、介词短语的搭配等。介词的学习主要靠考生平时在学习中多积累、多记忆。
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一、定义
介词又叫作前置词,是一种用来表示名词、代词等与句中其他词关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词 + 名词 / 代词 (宾格)/ 动词ing/从句作宾语。
二、用法
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till表示“直到……为止”;
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from表示“从……起”;
since表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外,偶然地, by nature天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与because of,owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but表示“除……以外”,与except同义,但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与in favor of同义。
Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
常见的介词搭配
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arrive in/at到达
ask for要,请求
at the same time同时
at first首先,起初
at last最后
at once立刻,马上
at least至少
at the beginning/end of
在……的开始/结尾
be afraid of 害怕
be angry with sb.对某人生气
be busy with 忙于
be good at 在……方面好
be good for 对……有好处
be bad for 对……有坏处
be late for 迟到
be sorry for 为……遗憾,抱歉
be full of/be filled with 充满
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be different from 与……不同
be strict with sb.in sth.
在某事上对某人严格
be fond of 喜爱
be made of +从成品上看得出的材料
be made from+从成品上看不出的原料
be made in+产地
break down出故障
begin with以……开始
break in闯入
by the way顺便说说/问问
belong to属于
believe in信任
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒
cut in插嘴
die of死于……
depend on依靠,依赖
deal/do with处理
give in投降
give up放弃
give out发出(光、气体、气味、烟雾、热)
give away赠送
get on/off上/下车
get in 收割
get over克服
go on继续
go over复习,温习
go out熄灭
go by时间流逝
go through 经历
hear from收到……来信
hear of听说
in time及时
in bed卧床
in life一生中
in a hurry匆忙
in a word总而言之,一句话
in trouble处于困境
in fact事实上
in the street在街上
in the end最后,终于
in no time立刻,很快
in order按顺序,整齐,正常
in order to为了,以便
laugh at嘲笑
leave for离开一地去另一地
look at (有意识地)看
look for寻找
look like看上去像
look after照顾,照看
look up抬头看,查找
look up to尊敬,敬仰
look through浏览,翻阅
look out当心
on time准时,按时
on one's way to在……的路上
one by one一个接一个
pass on传递
put up穿上,挂上
put away放好
put on穿上,增加
put off 推迟
put down放下
put out 扑灭
set up创立,建立
set out 启程,动身
smile at向……微笑
shout at大声叫喊,吼叫
to one's surprise/joy使某人吃惊/高兴的是
think of考虑,关心
turn up音量调大,出现
turn down音量调小
turn into把……变成
turn on/off打开/关上
turn to朝向,求助于
turn out 结果证明是
take away拿走,带走
take off脱下,起飞
take in吸收,理解,欺骗
take up 占据
介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点1 介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费,徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition健康
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort舒适地
⑤ of +n. 表示特征
of value 有价值 of importance重要 of use 有用
of help 有帮助 of interest有兴趣 of ability 有能力
⑥ on +n. 表示状态
on guard 值班,警戒 on show/display展览 on business 因公出差
on strike在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ out of +n 表示状态
out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger脱离危险
out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office 在野,不执政 out of business 失业
out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债
out of control不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
易错提醒: 考生容易死记硬背短语搭配,例如遇到 stand只想到自己最熟悉的短语,但有的动词可以搭配较多介词,分别引用有不同的语境,需要瞻前顾后,分析句子结构,理清句意才能得出正确答案。
知识点2 介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + about
be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握
be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢
be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓
be shocked at ……震惊
③ adj. + from
be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同
④ adj. + for
be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for渴望 be eager for 渴望
be fit for 适合 be unfit for不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激
be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for为……作好准备
be responsible for 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于
be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验
be expert in 在……方面熟练
be fortunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + of
be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的
be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦
be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of 免于
be shy of 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + to
be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利
be harmful to 对……有害
be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定…
be equal to 等于
be familiar to对……所熟悉 be favourable to对……有利
be harmful to对……有害
be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to对……有礼貌
be suitable to 适合
be rude to对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足 be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉
be friendly with 与……友好
be nervous with 对……紧张
be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + on
be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于……
be severe on对……严格/严厉
知识点3 介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地
little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地
② n. + after +n.
day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆
④ n. + to + n.
day to day 日常的 heart to heart互相交心地 face to face 面对面地
back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +of
in fear of 害怕 in charge of负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一
in control of 管理 in danger of处于……的危险中 in terms of就......而言
in respect of关于,涉及 in spite of尽管,虽然 in praise of表扬
1.They will have a math test______two days.
A.for B.at C.in D.after
【答案】C
【解析】句子的时态为将来时,应用in表示两天之后, “after +时间段”用于一般过去时。
2.My brother joined the army ______March ______1989.
A.in;on B.in;in
C.on;on D.on;in
【答案】B
【解析】在月份、年前用介词in,而日子前用on。
3.We had our breakfast______a quarter ______seven.
A./;to B.in;to C.at;to D.on;to
【答案】C
【解析】具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,句意:“我在七点差一刻吃的早饭。”
4.The manager was very satisfied______his work.
A.in B.on C.about D.with
【答案】D
【解析】 be satisfied with 为固定搭配。
5.Everything is changing so fast these days,and even young people find it difficult to ______the time.
A.get hold of B.be covered with
C.get along with D.keep up with
【答案】D
【解析】A表示“抓住”,B表示“被……覆盖”,C表示“和……相处”,D表示“跟上节奏”。
6.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students______financial aid.
A.in favour of B.in honour of
C.in face of D.in need of
【答案】D
【解析】A表示“支持”,B表示“纪念……”,C表示“面临”,D表示“需要”。句意:许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。
7.You'd better______ your books after reading them.
A.put up B.put on
C.put down D.put away
【答案】D
【解析】put up表示“张贴”,put on表示“穿上”,put down表示“记下”,put away表示“放好”。
8.At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ______.
A.out of sight B.out of reach
C.out of order D.out of place
【答案】A
【解析】“out of+名词” 表示 “没有……”。out of sight表示“视线之外”,out of reach表示“够不着”,out of order表示“出故障、混乱”,out of place表示“不在原地”。
9.If you really have to leave during the meeting,you'd better leave______the back door.
A.for B.by C.across D.out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“如果会议中途你必须要离开,请从后门走。”此处选by 表方式,意为“通过后门”。
10.The two sportsmen congratulated each other______ winning the match by shaking hands.
A.with B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【解析】congratulate sb.on sth.表示“因某事向某人祝贺”。
11.—When did you last hear ______ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning,and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.
A.of;to B.about;with
C.from;with D.from;on
【答案】D
【解析】收到某人来信为hear from;agree with表示“同意某人所说的”, agree on表示“在……上达成一致”。
12.Mr Black got to Hangzhou ______a few days.
A.in B.after C.on D.at
【答案】B
【解析】这句话应译为:几天之后, 布莱克先生到达了杭州。after一般用于一般过去时。
13.It's a bad manner to laugh______people when they are ______trouble.
A.over;in B.at;in C.in;at D.at;for
【答案】B
【解析】laugh at 表示“嘲笑某人”, laugh over 表示“笑着谈论某人或某事”, in trouble 表示“陷入困境”。
14.The teacher is writing on the paper ______red ink and the blackboard ______a piece of chalk.
A.with;with B.in;with
C.with;in D.in;in
【答案】B
【解析】第一空in+材料,第二空with+物品。
15.How many English words had you learnt______last term?
A.by the end of B.at the end of
C.to the end of D.till the end of
【答案】A
【解析】by the end of 表示“到……为止”,为动作的截止时间,通常与完成时连用。at the end of表示“在……结尾”。
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