命题探究7 阅读理解之逻辑梳理题-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语精品课堂教师用书配套word（人教版）

命题探究七　阅读理解之逻辑梳理题 逻辑梳理能力是指能根据语言材料提炼主题与支撑信息间的关系，理清句子或段落间的逻辑关系、梳理篇章脉络的能力，如篇章结构的梳理、主题句的查找等。 语篇类型 说明文，记叙文 语篇主题 人与社会 语篇内容 [2022·杭州中考B篇]——古代人的沟通方法 [2023·宁波中考C篇]——健康的生活方式 [2023·宁波中考D篇]——植物在室内环境中的作用 [2023·嘉兴中考C篇]——科学家们正在考虑建立一个月球时区 [2023·温州中考D篇]——作者通过讲述自己买鸵鸟上当受骗的故事告诉我们：不要轻信他人 [2023·金华中考D篇]——“Yet”的力量 [2023·丽水中考D篇]——特别的数学课 设问类型 [2022·杭州中考B篇]Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph) [2023·宁波中考C篇]Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? [2023·宁波中考D篇]Which can be the best to fill in the blank__▲__ in Paragraph 4? [2023·嘉兴中考C篇]Which of the following can be put in the blank__▲__ in Paragraph 3? [2023·温州中考D篇]Which of the following can be put into __▲__ in Paragraph 8? [2023·金华中考D篇]Which of the following can be put into__▲__？ [2023·丽水中考D篇]Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in __▲__ in Paragraph 18？ 解题方法1：聚焦主题句、各段首句和各段逻辑连接词。 [2023·宁波中考C篇] ①Have you ever thought about what's more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes(极端)to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn't everything. It's more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets(日常饮食)that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight(紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation(循环)，making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health? ④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money? ⑤So, let's rethink what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well­being? Clothes or hairstyles don't tell us anything about a person's character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let's eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person. 26．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？________ 　 　A.　　　　　　B.　　　　　　C.　 　 　 　　D． , 26题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要介绍了当今人们为了追求时尚而选择不健康的生活方式，在文章最后，作者提出，个人的价值不是由外表决定的，而是由你这个人决定的。健康的生活才是最重要的。 2. 阅读问题可知，本题是文本框架题，因此理清各个段落间的关系非常重要。 3. 仔细研读第一段，文本的主题句是该段最后But 引出的“It's more important to be healthy.”第二段首句为“Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good.”第三段首句为“Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels.”第四段首句为“Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money chang­ing their hair color.”和第五段首句为“So, let's rethink what's really important.” 4. 由第三段首句中的“Also”，第四段首句中的“Besides”和第五段首句中的“So”可知，第三段和第四段与第二段是并列关系，而第五段是最后的总结，所以该文本为总—分—总 结构。故选A。 解题方法2：分析设空位置 1．段首：通常是段落主题句，可根据段落内容推断主题句。 [2023·嘉兴中考C篇] What time is it？The answer you give can be different，because you are in different Earth's time zones(时区).But how could you tell the time if you aren't anywhere on Earth? Scientists are now thinking of creating a lunar(月球的) time zone.They believe it would be better for astronauts to communicate by using Moon Time，as they travel to，from，and across the Moon.At the moment，astronauts are using time zones of their own countries.But there could be safety problems caused by the differences in time­telling. __▲__ Gravity(引力) influences how quickly or slowly time passes.Since gravity is weaker on the Moon，clocks run a bit faster there.After 24 hours，a lunar clock would be 56 microseconds ahead of a clock on Earth.Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is about 24 hours between two sunsets.While on the Moon，it is nearly 709 hours，about 29.5 Earth days.This means that lunar nights can be around two weeks long，with only the Earth and the stars in the sky.With all this to think about，scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth，or for the Moon to have its own special zone，which would have much longer days. Scientists must consider other problems too.For example，who should be responsible for keeping the time zone going？And how can it be made practical for astronauts to use? There are more countries planning Moon trips in the future.The idea of creating a time zone on the Moon would make these easier.And if a lunar time zone is set up，scientists could create time zones for other planets like Mars. 24．Which of the following can be put in the blank __▲__ in Paragraph 3? ________ A.Setting up a lunar time zone is not easy. B.Setting up a special time zone is important. C.Scientists are holding different opinions. D.Scientists need to do a lot of experiments., 24题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要介绍了科学家们正在考虑建立一个月球时区。 2. 阅读问题并结合选项可知，本题是句子还原题，做题时需要理清段落间的关系。设空处在段首，通常是段落主题句。根据第三段中的“With all this to think about, scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth, or for the Moon to have its own special zone, which would have much longer days.”和第四段第一句“Scientists must consider other problems, too.”可知，科学家要建立月球时区并不容易。故选A。 2.段中：通常是段落间的过渡句，与上下文是并列、转折或因果等关系。 [2023·金华中考D篇节选] ．.. ③This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset”. People with a growth mindset don't concentrate on failure. They aren't worried by not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. In contrast, people who just focus on the failure have what the experts call “a fixed mindset”. These people are always worried about failure and are happy to give up when things don't go right. They don't think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. ④But don't worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset.__▲__. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can't or you haven't and realize that you just can't or haven't yet. Once you start doing this, you'll wonder why you didn't do it before. It's one small but very powerful word. 44．Which of the following can be put into__▲__？ ________ A.Experts will help you grow up healthily in mind B.You can train yourself to develop a growth mindset C.Everyone has his own advantages and disadvantages D.You can change everything by adding the small word “yet”,44题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文讲述了“Yet(还，尚)”是一个很有分量的词，且在我们成长过程中起着重要的作用。 2. 阅读问题并结合选项可知，本题是句子还原题，需要理清句子间的关系。设空处在段中。细读上文“don't worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset(如果你认为你有固定思维，不要担心)”可推测下文讲的是“打破固定思维的建议或方法”。再根据下文“Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can't or you haven't and realize that you just can't or haven't yet.”可知，这里提到了如何训练自己培养成长型思维的方法。故选B。 3．段尾：通常是总结性、概括性的语句，与上文是转折、对比、并列或排比关系，或所选答案能引出下一段内容等。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论或总结性的关键词。 [2023·温州中考D篇节选] ．.. I stared at the last bird for quite a while and asked Potter for a private conversation. After a long talk, I finally got the bird for 700 pounds.__▲__ The next morning, I was waiting in line to get off the ship, picturing the amazing future life in mind. Then, I saw Padishah and Potter walk arm in arm on the shore, just like old friends. At that moment, I learnt a lesson worth a diamond. 29．Which of the following can be put into __▲__ in Paragraph 8？________ A.How worried I was! B.What a great deal it was! C.How upset Padishah was! D.What an honest man Potter was！, 29题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要讲述了作者在乘船前往伦敦的路途中被骗的故事。有两名乘客合谋欺骗别人说鸵鸟吞下了钻石，之后他们把每只鸵鸟进行拍卖，而作者也买了一只鸵鸟，最后却发现这两名乘客是朋友。 2. 阅读问题并结合选项可知，本题是句子还原题，需要理清句子间的关系。设空处在段尾，通常是该段落的总结性语句。根据设空处所在段落内容可知，本段主要讲作者通过交易，最终买到了鸵鸟，故答案应和交易相关。因此B选项“What a great deal it was！(真划算啊！)”总结上文，符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$