八年级(下) Units 7—8-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语精品课堂教师用书配套word（人教版）

八年级(下)　Units 7—8 话题：关于世界的事实(Facts about the world)、文学和音乐(Literature and music) (见学生用书P1) 重点单词 教材与课标共有单词 Unit 7　What's the highest mountain in the world? 1．square (adj.) 平方；正方形的 (n.)正方形；广场 2．population(n.)人口；人口数量 3．wall(n.)墙 4．ancient(adj.)古代的；古老的 5．thick(adj.)厚的；浓的 6．include(v.)包括；包含 7．condition (n.) 条件；状况 8．force(n.)力；力量 9．birth (n.) 出生；诞生 10．bamboo(n.)竹子 11．research(n.&v.)研究；调查 12．illness(n.)疾病；病 13．wild(adj.)野生的 14．government(n.)政府；内阁 15．huge (adj.) 巨大的；极多的 Unit 8　Have you read Treasure Island yet? 1．treasure(n.)珠宝；财富 2．island(n.)岛 3．page(n.)(书刊或纸张的)页，面，张 4．hurry(v.)匆忙；赶快 5．tool (n.) 工具 6．mark(n.)迹象；记号；分数 (v.)做记号；打分 7．sand (n.) 沙滩；沙 8．towards(prep.)朝；向；对着 9．technology(n.)科技；工艺 10．French(n.)法语 11．abroad(adv.)在国外；到国外 12．modern(adj.)现代的；当代的 13．record(n.)唱片；记录 (v.)录制；录(音) 14．line (n.) 行；排 教材独有单词 1．man­made (adj.)人造的 2．due (adj.)预期；预定 3．cannibal (n.)食人肉者 4．fiction (n.)小说 词汇拓展 名词拓展 1．tour(n.)旅行；旅游→tourist(n.)旅行者；观光者 2．nature(n.)自然界；大自然；本性→natural(adj.)自然的；天然的 3．south(n.)南方→southern(adj.)南方的 动词拓展 1．protect(v.)保护；防护→protection(n.)保护；保卫 protect．..__from．..使……免受…… 2．achieve(v.)达到；完成；成功→achievement(n.)成就；成绩 achieve__one's__dream实现某人的梦想 3．include(v.)包括；包含→including(prep.)包括……在内 4．weigh(v.)重量是……；称……的重量→weight(n.)重量；分量 put__on__weight体重增加 lose__weight减肥 5．introduce(v.)介绍；引见→introduction(n.) 介绍 introduce__sb.__to__．.. 把某人介绍给…… 形容词拓展 1．deep(adj.)深的；纵深的→deeply(adv.)深刻地；极其 2．wide (adj.) 宽的；宽阔的→widely(adv.)广泛地；普遍地 重点词组 1．feel__free 随便，随意 2．as__far__as__I__know就我所知 3．take__in吸入；吞入(体内) 4．in__the__face__of面对(问题、困难等) 5．even__though即使；虽然 6．the__Pacific__Ocean太平洋 7．at__birth出生时 8．up__to到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于 9．walk__into走路时撞着 10．fall__over被……绊倒 11．or__so大约 12．full__of满是……的；(有)大量的；(有)丰富的 13．hurry__up赶快；急忙(做某事) 14．science__fiction科幻小说(或影片等) 15．country__music乡村音乐 16．ever__since自从 17．one__another互相 重点句型 自然地理 1．世界上最危险的运动之一是登山，最受欢迎的登山地点之一是喜马拉雅山脉。 One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. 2．世界上没有和太平洋一样大的海洋。 No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean. 3．这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃实现自己梦想的尝试。 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 4．中国政府正在努力帮助拯救熊猫。 The Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas. 文学与音乐 5．我已经把这本书读过两遍了。 I have already read the book twice. 6．你已经决定好写哪一本书了吗？ Have you decided__which book to write about yet? 7．乡村音乐是一种来自美国南部各州的传统音乐。 Country is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. 8．它提醒我们生活中最好的东西是免费的——笑容、朋友、家人、自然与乡村的美。 It reminds us that the best things in life are free—laughter,__friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside. 温馨提示：请课前或课堂10分钟，完成《默写手册》单本对应内容。 教材回扣 ❶One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain 1．__climbing__(climb), and one of 2．__the__most__popular__(popular) places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. 3．__Of__ all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. It is 8，848.86 meters high and 4．__so__ is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather 5．__conditions__(condition) and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take 6. __in__ air as you get near the top. The first people 7．__to__reach__(reach) the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953.The first Chinese team 8．__did__(do) so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei 9．__from__ Japan in 1975. Why do so many climbers risk their lives？One of the main 10．__reasons__(reason) is that people want to challenge 11．__themselves__(they) in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be 12．__stronger__(strong) than the forces of nature.(P51) ❷When I first arrived on this island, I had nothing. 1．__But__ I've found the ship and made a small boat. I've 2．__brought__(bring) back many things I can use—food and drink, tools, 3．__knives__(knife) and guns. 4．__Although/Though__ I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. So I will not give up and I will wait 5．__for__ another ship. I have already cut down trees and 6．__built__(build) a house. I go out with my gun almost every day 7．__to__kill__(kill) animals and birds for food. I am even learning to grow fruit and vegetables. A few weeks ago, I found the 8．__marks__(mark) of another man's feet on the sand. Who else is on my island? How long have they been here? Not long after that, I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship. One of 9．__them__(they) died but the other ran towards my house. I helped him kill the cannibals. This man now lives with me and helps me. I named him Friday 10．__because__ that was the day I met him. He is smart and I have already taught him some English.(P59)(见学生用书P1) 词汇点睛 ❶as(八下P50) (1)as you can see意为“正如你所看到的”，其中的as意为“正如；正像”。 e.g. As you know, I am a very kind person. 正如你所知道的，我是一个非常和善的人。 (2)as的其他用法： prep. 作为； 当作 [2020·金华改编]Rope climbing first appeared as an Olympic sport in 1896. 1896年，爬绳运动首次作为奥运会项目出现。 像；如同 The old woman was dressed as a young lady. 这位老妇人打扮得像一位年轻的女士。 conj., 按…… 的方式, You must do as Paul tells you. 你必须按照保罗吩咐的做。 随着, You will grow wiser as you grow older. 你会随着年龄的增长而越来越有智慧。 当…… 的时候 As Sam was walking to the dining room, a voice behind him said, “Excuse me.” 当萨姆走向餐厅时，他身后有个声音说：“对不起。” 因为； 由于 You must hurry up as there is little time left. 你必须快点儿，因为几乎没有时间了。 【活学活用】 翻译句子。 1．入乡随俗。 When in Rome, do __as__ the Romans __do__． 2．当他继续的时候，所有同学的目光都注视着他。 All the students' eyes were on him __as__ __he__ __continued__． 【写作靓句】 Things will get easier as time goes by. ❷walk into(八下P54) (1)walk into意为“走路时撞着(人或东西)；走进”，还可以表示“轻易获得；陷入”。 e.g. He walked into me and hurt my feet. 他走路时撞上了我，伤到了我的脚。 (2)其他“动词＋into”结构的短语： put．.. into．.. 将……注入……；在……花费/耗费(精力等) divide．.. into．.. 把……分为…… turn/change．.. into．.. 把……变成…… break into 闯入(某处行窃)；成功进入/参与(新的工作或行业) look into 调查 e.g. (1)He put as many feelings into his voice as he could. 他尽可能把很多感情融进他的声音里。 (2)A sentence can be divided into meaningful word groups.一个句子可以划分成有意义的若干意群。 (3)The prince was turned into a frog by the witch. 王子被女巫变成了一只青蛙。 (4)We had our car broken into last week. 我们的车上周被撬了。 (5)A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。 【活学活用】 用含into短语的适当形式填空。 1．Can you remember everything you see when you __walk__ __into__ a room? 2．He is __putting__ a lot of energy __into__ improving his French. 3．[教材改编]Dr.Naismith __divided__ the men__into__ two teams and taught them to play his new game. 【写作靓句】 When the babies see the keepers, they run over to them with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over! ❸cut down(八下P59) (1)cut down是固定搭配，意为“砍伐；砍倒”，还可以表示“减少；缩短”。 e.g. [2023·金华中考]However, billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans. 然而，每年有数十亿棵树被砍伐以供人类造纸。 (2)其他“动词＋down”结构的短语： lie down 躺下 turn down 调低； 拒绝 write/put down 写下；记下 break down 出故障 e.g. (1)You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下休息一下。 (2)Could you please turn down the TV? Grandpa is sleeping. 你可以把电视声音调低吗？爷爷在睡觉。 (3)[2022·绍兴中考]She smiled brightly, wrote down his order and disappeared behind the big glass display case. 她灿烂地笑了笑，写下了他所点的饭菜，消失在大玻璃陈列柜后面。 (4)Our car broke down on the freeway. 我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。 【活学活用】 用含down短语的适当形式填空。 1．I think young people should __cut__down__ the time they spend on their smartphones. 2．The meeting is on the 22nd．__Put/Write__ it __down__ in your reminder. 3．Their car __broke__down__ on the way to New York. It took them almost an hour to get it repaired. 4．I thanked her for the offer but __turned__ it __down__． 【写作靓句】 [2023·台州中考]I think we should all have electric cars. This would cut down air pollution and allow us to breathe better. ❹protect v．保护；防护(八下P50) e.g. (1)[2022·杭州中考]But you don't have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin. 但是你不必涂防晒霜，因为宇航服可以保护你的皮肤。 (2)[2021·金华中考]They study how animals protect themselves from their predators. 他们研究动物如何保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。 (3)It's raining outside. You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold. 外面正在下雨。你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。 【活学活用】 单句语法填空。 1．He had no raincoat to protect __himself__(he) from the rain. 2．It's important to protect your skin __from__ the harmful effects of the sun. 3．Daniel is leading an activity __to__protect__(protect) the animals in the city. 【写作靓句】 [2022·温州中考]Alice often gives money to help protect wild animals. ❺weigh v．重量是……；称……的重量(八下P53) e.g. (1)One kind of tomato can weigh as much as two pounds. 一种西红柿可以重达两磅。 (2)[2023·宁波中考]As for your schoolbag, it's important to manage its weight. 至于你的书包，控制它的重量是很重要的。 【活学活用】 用weigh的适当形式填空。 1．If you want to lose __weight__， you'd better have a balanced diet and keep exercising. 2．A study shows that teenagers who eat breakfast __weigh__ around 5 pounds less than teenagers who do not. 3．Cao Chong is known for coming up with the special way to __weigh__ the elephant. 【写作靓句】 He weighed some potatoes on the scales(秤). 词语辨析 ❶achieve (八下P51)，come true e.g. (1)Now that you've made your choice, what are you actually going to do to achieve your goal? 既然你已经作出了选择，你究竟要做些什么来实现你的目标？ (2)[2022·嘉兴中考]My job as a parent is to open doors so my children can achieve their potential. 作为家长，我的工作就是打开门，让我的孩子们发挥他们的潜能。 (3)Jenny hopes her parents can help her to make her dream come true. 珍妮希望她的父母可以帮助她实现她的梦想。 【活学活用】 翻译句子。 1．如果迈克努力学习，他当科学家的梦想就会实现。 If Mike works hard, his dream of being a scientist will __come__ __true__． 2．最后，杰克在没有人帮忙的情况下，实现了他的梦想。 Finally，Jack __achieved__ __his__ __dream__ without anyone's help. ❷succeed(八下P51)，success(八下P62)，successful e.g. (1)Paul succeeded in making his dream come true. 保罗成功地实现了他的梦想。 (2)Usually, parents take pride in the smallest success of their children. 通常情况下，父母会为他们孩子最小的成功感到骄傲。 (3)He wasn't a success as an actor. 他当演员没干出什么名堂。 (4)He was successful in solving the problem by himself.他一个人成功地解决了那个问题。 【活学活用】 用success的适当形式填空。 1．[2023·金华中考改编]I hope you have a __successful__ career that you enjoy doing. 2．Finally, Rose __succeeded__ in getting to the top of the mountain yesterday. 3．His show was a great __success__，and almost everyone loved it. 4．[2023·杭州中考改编]To __successfully__ work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. 重点句型 What's the highest mountain in the world? 世界上最高的山是什么山？(八下P49) e.g. 原级 (1)This table is as wide as that one. 这张桌子和那张桌子一样宽。 (2)Rose doesn't sing so well as her sister. 罗斯没有她妹妹歌唱得好。 比较级 (1)My computer is much more expensive than yours.我的电脑比你的要贵得多。 (2)David is taller than any other student in our class. 大卫比我们班上的任何学生都高。 (3)The hall is five times bigger than our class­room.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。 最高级 (1)Lucy is the cleverest student in our class. 露西是我们班最聪明的学生。 (2)John runs (the) fastest in his class. 约翰是他班里跑得最快的。 (3)Hangzhou is one of the most popular cities in China.杭州是中国最受欢迎的城市之一。 (4)It is the second tallest building in the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑。 【活学活用】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空。 1．The Yellow River is the second __longest__(long) river in China. 2．The man is one of __the__most__famous__(famous) actors in our country. 3．This book is as __thick__(thick) as that one. 4．[2022·北京中考改编]After taking tennis classes, Tim is much __stronger__(strong) than last year. 5．[2022·福建中考改编]—Our class did well in the school singing competition. —Yes, you sang __the__most__beautifully__(beautiful) of all. Ⅱ.翻译句子。 1．蒂娜是她班里作业做得最认真的。 Tina does the homework __most__ __carefully__ in her class. 2．我弟弟比我家里任何一个人都胖。 My brother is __fatter__ __than__ __any__ __other__ member in our family. 3．这个宾馆比我们镇上的那个宾馆大三倍。 This hotel is __three__ __times__ __bigger__ __than__ that one in our town. 4．这部电影不如我们昨天看的那部有趣。 This movie __isn't__ as __interesting__ __as__ the one we saw yesterday. (见学生用书P1) 根据句意选出句中黑体词的最佳词义。 1．force　①v.迫使；强迫　②n.力；力量　③n.武力；暴力　④n.自然力　⑤n.武装部队；部队 He raised his hand and struck her with terrifying force. __②__ They pushed him in order to force him back to the end of the line. __①__ He belonged to a peace­keeping force.__⑤__ 2．fan　①n.迷；狂热爱好者　②n.风扇　③n.扇子 ④v.扇(风) [2023·金华中考]Robot fans will surely be attracted by different robots on the third floor. __①__ The holding fans were made of paper and bamboo and there were beautiful paintings on them. __③__ 3．line　①n.行；排　②n.线；线条　③n.字行 ④v.沿……形成行(或列、排)　⑤n.场地线，场界 [2022·丽水中考]When she got to the chorus(副歌), for some reason, she could not remember a whole line of the lyrics. __③__ [2022·丽水中考]When you, as a child, first picked up a crayon, a line might have been the first mark you make.__②__ [2023·丽水中考]It's time for lunch, everyone. Now line up, please. __④__ [2023·温州中考]I was waiting in line to get off the ship. __①__ 4．take in　①吸入；吞入(体内)　②收留　③欺骗；蒙骗　④理解；领会 [2023·宁波中考]Plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe. __①__ Your notes are so detailed that I can take them in easily.__④__ The old man was homeless, so we took him in. __②__ 温馨提示：1.请随堂或者午、晚间10分钟完成《词汇语境速测》单本对应内容；2.请课后完成“高效作业15”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$