命题探究五 阅读理解之分析推断题-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语精品课堂教师用书配套PPT（外研版）

第二模块 “完形＋阅读＋词汇＋语法”命题探究 命题探究五　阅读理解之分析推断题 分析推断能力是指能以语言材料的内容为前提，客观地对材料中未直接说明的现象或内容作出合理的推断的能力，如推断人物关系、事件发生原因、生词词义、代词的指代、情感态度、写作意图、事件的后续发展等。 语篇类型 连续性文本和非连续性文本 语篇主题 人与自我；人与社会；人与自然 设问类型 推断人物关系、事件发生原因等。 [2022·杭州中考B篇]Why do the people of La Gomera use el silbo to communicate? [2022·杭州中考C篇]Why do astronauts have to exercise in space? [2022·杭州中考D篇]Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2? [2023·杭州中考B篇]Why did the local TV station ask Remmi to make another show? [2023·杭州中考C篇]Why does a racer have to shoulder a bike in a race? [2023·杭州中考D篇]Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? 推断生词词义、代词的指代。 [2022·杭州中考D篇]What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean? [2022·杭州中考A篇]What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? [2023·杭州中考C篇]What does the underlined word “dismount” in Paragraph 2 mean? 设问类型 [2023·绍兴中考B篇]The underlined word “grab” in Paragraph 4 probably means “__▲__ ”． [2023·宁波中考B篇]What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? 推断作者的情感态度、写作意图、事件的后续发展。 [2023·杭州中考A篇]What was Troy's opinion on his online shopping experience? [2023·杭州中考D篇]What is the purpose of the text? [2023·宁波中考B篇]Which of the following most probably happened at the end of the story? [2023·绍兴中考B篇]It can be inferred from Blachut's words that he __▲__． 解题方法1：细节推断——就近定位 [2023·杭州中考C篇] Cyclo-cross is cross­country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two­mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run. To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running! As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It's important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground. After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclo-cross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well. Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go! 25．Why does a racer have to shoulder a bike in a race？ A．To jump over obstacles. 　　　 B．To take care of the bike. C．To make room for others. D．To hit the ground harder., 25题解题指导： 1.快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要介绍了自行车越野赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能(skills)。 2.阅读问题，抓住要点。根据问题中的shoulder a bike 定位到第三段，“As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It's important to practice both skills．”及其后的“Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles.”告诉读者赛车手需要把自行车扛在肩上是因为有时需要快速跑并跳过一些障碍物。 3. 分析选项。A.为了跳过障碍物； B．为了爱护自行车；C.为了给别人腾出空间；D.为了更用力地撞击地面。故选A。 解题方法2：观点态度推断——信号词 [2021·杭州中考B篇]   Have you ever thought how important T­shirts are in your life? I don't mean expensive designer T­shirts. After all, just because you spend a lot of money on a shirt doesn't mean that it looks good. I'm talking about the T­shirts that say something about you, like where you've been, what you like, or what you think. Those are often the T­shirts that we feel the most comfortable in and that we wear again and again. I'm going to tell you about two T­shirts that I really, really love and explain why. 　　 I've been to London twice. The first time I went I saw this shirt in a souvenir(纪念品) shop and my dad bought it for me. I really loved the design and the colors. And it reminds me of something funny that happened. One day we were traveling around the center of London. We almost got lost, but we found our way — thanks to the picture on this T­shirt! Sometimes I've bought clothes that I've never worn or that I've only worn once or twice. But I've worn (and washed ) this T­shirt hundreds of times. I love music and I love Adele. I haven't seen many of my favorite artists live, but I bought this when I went to Adele's concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T­shirts go with anything, not just jeans! So, those are just two of my favorite Tshirts that tell a story. What about yours? posted 16th April at 16：57 post__a__comment 21.What does Nuria think of her T­shirt？ A. It is old.　　　　　 B. It is simple. C. It is expensive. D. It is valuable., 　　I've never been to China and I don't know any Chinese, but one of my favorite T­shirts has the Chinese characters on it. One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental(情感)value. Last year, my brother studied in Beijing and he gave me this when he came home. Nuria Gil, Spain 21题解题指导： 1.快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要介绍了自己最喜欢的T恤衫，并解释为什么喜欢这些T恤衫。 2.阅读问题，根据Nuria think of定位到最后一段，找到信号词sentimental__value(情感价值)。 3.分析选项。A.它是旧的； B．它是简单的；C.它是昂贵的； D．它是有价值的。 4.得出答案。value的拓展词valuable，意为“有价值的”。故选D。 解题方法3：词义推断——定位两侧词 [2023·绍兴中考B篇] One Sunday afternoon in May 2021, waiter Paul Blachut, 24, was busy at work at the FLOSSLANDE restaurant in scenic Augsburg, Germany. From behind the bar, Blachut had a good view of the Lech river below, in which many people were cooling their feet. The water is very cold at this time of year, and it runs quickly. Among those enjoying the cooling water were a mother and her two teenage daughters. They were playing with an inflatable tube (充气轮胎) by the riverbank, when suddenly the girls lost their footing and fell into the river. It all happened so fast. The girls caught the tube, which their mother was sitting in, pulling her into the river, too. Now all three were being carried away, shouting, “Help! Help！” Blachut looked up from his busy work when he heard the shouts. Then he found the three women not far away, flapping their arms, trying to catch anything. Without thinking, Blachut ran down to the river and jumped into the cold water. All he wanted to do was rescue (营救) them. As Blachut got closer to them, he could tell that the mother seemed to be in the most trouble; her head was now out of sight. At once, Blachut went down under the mother, pushing her upward and towards the bank. Then an onlooker (旁观者) got close to grab the woman's hand, pulling her to the land. Blachut knew he needed to rescue the two daughters, who were now further down the river. He jumped into the water again and succeeded in getting one out in the same way he did her mother, while the other was saved by another onlooker. Several onlookers expressed their admiration for Blachut following the accident. “The whole rescue only took two or three minutes，” he said, adding that it was not a big deal. Actually, it was a job very well done. 35．The underlined word “grab” in Paragraph 4 probably means “____________”． A．check　　　B．control　　　C．shake　　　D．catch, 35 题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要讲述了服务员Paul__Blachut跳进寒冷的河水里救人的故事。 2. 阅读问题，定位到画线词后侧的“the woman's hand, pulling her to the land”， grab这个动词的宾语是hand(手)，“pulling her to the land”意为“把她拉上岸”，由此可推测旁观者的动作是抓住女子的手，因此grab与D选项“catch(抓住)”意思相近。故选D。 解题方法4：指代推断——多在代词前 [2022·杭州中考A篇] A blog by Sascha Marr, aged 14 My hobby is making shoes. I've always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt aged nine. At eleven, I started making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe­making course that he was doing. I immediately wanted to do one too. Mum booked (为……预约) me on a four­day course at the I Can Make Shoes school in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten­day course there in the summer holidays. I loved the courses. On the longer one, I made four pairs of shoes! I couldn't believe it. The teachers were excellent. That's what was best about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too. I've made about 15 pairs of shoes now. At the moment I'm making a pair of training shoesusing an old pair of jeans, but I've used all kinds of different things before, from old leather (皮革) handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes has changed my plans for the future. I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer. I've decided I'll do home design. I've designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I'd like to try something new. 17．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ A. The courses.　　　　　　 B. The teachers. C. The classes. D. The students.,   17 题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。文本主要讲述了作者的理想——成为一名设计师。 2. 阅读问题，定位到画线词所在的句子“They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too.”， but 后面的they 和画线词They指代同一内容，根据画线词前的“The teachers were excellent.”推断出They指代the teachers。 3.分析选项。A.课程； B.老师；C.课堂； D．学生。故选B。 解题方法5：写作意图推断——从主旨出发 [2023·杭州中考D篇] We all enjoy being part of a group—there's no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It's a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There's often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it's even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there's often no training on how to work on a team. You can't just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren't just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn't work, I don't have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don't have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don't get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that's useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 30．What is the purpose of the text？ A．To show the advantages of teamwork. B．To tell the importance of teamwork. C．To introduce the influence of teamwork. D．To explain the difficulties of teamwork., 30 题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文作者主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。 2. 阅读问题，定位到第一段本文的主题句“why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier”，且本文的第二至第四段分别从队员个性、时间、和培训三个方面阐述了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。由此可知，本文意在向读者解释说明团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。 感谢聆听，再见！ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ $$