命题探究四 阅读理解之主旨概括题-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语精品课堂教师用书配套PPT（外研版）

第二模块 “完形＋阅读＋词汇＋语法”命题探究 命题探究四　阅读理解之主旨概括题 主旨概括能力是指能从书面语篇中判断和归纳作者的观点及语篇的主旨要义的能力，如提炼段落大意、文章主题、选择文章标题、段落小标题等。 语篇类型 说明文 语篇主题 人与社会；人与自然 语篇内容 [2022·杭州中考C篇]成为一个宇航员的要求和宇航员面临的问题 [2022·杭州中考D篇]创造性思维 [2023·杭州中考B篇]Remmi的个人经历 [2023·杭州中考C篇]自行车越野赛 [2023·温州中考B篇]马拉松比赛 设问类型 [2022·杭州中考C篇]What is the text mainly about? [2022·杭州中考D篇]What is the topic of the text? [2023·杭州中考B篇]Which is the best title for the text? [2023·杭州中考C篇]What is the text mainly about? [2023·温州中考B篇]What's the best title for the passage？ 解题方法1：各段主旨句归纳法 [2023·温州中考B篇] A marathon is a long running race of 26.2 miles (42.195 kilometers). The first Olympic Marathon was held in Athens. Now, many cities host their own marathons every year. Some of the best­known marathons around the world are the New York City Marathon, the Boston Marathon and the Tokyo Marathon. Among them, the Boston Marathon which started in 1897, is the oldest yearly marathon in the world. As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race. Themes of marathons add fun and meaning to the hard miles. Runners run for helping sick kids, celebrating important events, or just enjoying nature. There is a famous marathon in Gisborne, New Zealand, which is known for being the first city in the world to welcome the sunlight every day. Runners can greet the sunrise as they race along the golden sandy beaches. Marathon routes bring people more understanding of the old sport. Some routes provide great sporting challenges for runners. The routes offer various surfaces, from bridges to sand to hills. Runners of all skill levels can sweat freely and push their limits in the race. Some routes are well planned for runners to explore the many sides of a city. For example, the route of the Great Wall Marathon takes the runners along the great wonder of the world. The race can be an amazing chance to get to know Beijing, its people and local food. A marathon is quite a journey for runners to enjoy the run, challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is so much more behind the race for us to explore. 22．What's the best title for the passage？ A．Marathon: Not Just a Race B．Marathon: Routes and Rules C．Marathon: History and Themes D．Marathon: A Race for Everyone, 22 题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要介绍了马拉松比赛，它是一段享受跑步、挑战自我和体验文化的旅程。 2. 阅读问题，关注每一段的主题句： 第一段：As time goes by, the sport has become more__than__just__a__race． 第二段：Themes of marathons add__fun__and__meaning to the hard miles. 第三段：Marathon routes bring__people__more__understanding of the old sport. 第四段：There is so__much__more__behind the race for us to explore. 3. 结合每一段的主题句，尤其是第一段和最后一段的主题句可推断出，作者明确指出马拉松比赛不仅仅只是一场赛跑，它的背后有更多的东西有待探索。故A项“Marathon：Not Just a Race(马拉松：不仅仅是一场赛跑)”为文章的最佳标题。故选A。 解题方法2：重复词定位话题 [2022·杭州中考D篇] There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future. One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono's solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die. According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system (系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical (有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives,__and see what ideas you have. 27．What is the topic of the text？ A. Being a creative artist in the community. B．Doing business successfully in the future. C．Asking experts for some useful advice. D．Using creative thinking to solve problems.,   27 题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要讲述了要运用创造性思维解决问题。 2. 关注三个段落中重复出现的词所在的句子： 第一段第三句People often think creative__thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true.； 第二段第一句One example of creative__thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center.； 第三段第一句According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative__thinking more often in the future.。 3. 分析选项。A、B、C这三个选项都是具体内容，不具有概括性。 4. 得出答案。三个段落中重复出现的词语是creative__thinking。故选D。 解题方法3：读出作者“重音”，正确选择小标题 [2022·杭州中考第二节阅读(节选)] 下面文章中有五处(第31—35题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合意思的标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。 Taking stress out of exams Pre­exam stress is one of the biggest problems in students' lives. It makes you feel bad and stops you from thinking clearly. So here are some tips to help you lower the stress of exams. ．.. 32____ When we don't understand something, we feel stressed. It's normal. But don't worry about it, do something about it! Ask your teacher for help. You may find it hard to believe but all teachers want their students to do well in exams. ．.. 35____ Finally, if you have followed all this advice and you still feel stressed, then don't keep it a secret. Talk to someone, your mum or your dad, a friend or a teacher and tell them how you feel. We all need help sometimes. A．Eat and sleep well　　　　　 B．Make it interesting C．Don't be afraid to ask D．Healthy body, healthy brain E．Be organized and start early F．Don't keep your stress to yourself 32题解题指导： 1. 快速浏览全文，获得文本大意。本文主要讲述如何减轻考前压力。 2. 阅读32题对应部分的内容，读出作者“重音”。When we don't understand something, we feel stressed. 这个句子不是作者要表述的要点，只是一个情境展现，作者真正要表述的是But 后的“do something about it! Ask your teacher for help。”因此32题的小标题为：Don't__be__afraid__to__ask。故选C。 35 题解题指导： 阅读35题对应部分的内容，同理，if从句表达的是假设情境，“重音”为Talk to someone。小标题Don't__keep__your__stress__to__yourself为逆向表达。故选F。 感谢聆听，再见！ ________ ________ 32.________　35.________ $$