专题06 动词时态、被动语态（考点精讲）- 【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（江苏）

►专题06 动词时态、被动语态 ( 考点 精讲 ) ( 动词时态 ) 1、 时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 2、 时态考点 考点一： 一般现在时，一般过去时 一般现在时 1. 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况 1. It seldom snows here. 2. He is always ready to help others. 3. Neither of us is a doctor. 4. Mr Zhao doesn’t like swimming, does he? 2. 信号词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, We visit our grandparents once a week. 3. 主将从现信号词：if(如果), when, as soon as, until, after, before 注意：if表示“是否”时不遵循主将从现的规则 1. I’ll talk to him when he ______. A. come B. will come C. comes D. came 2. I don’t know if it _____ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 4. 普遍真理，一般规律 1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 一般过去时 1. 信号词：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 1 .My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year. A. joined…has become B. joined…has been C. has joined…has been D. did join…had been 2. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _____ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins 3. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. won’t do 2. hit, hurt, put, cut, cost,  set, read, spread的过去式和过去分词无变化,注意时态辨别。                   1. Father put on his cap and ____ out. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. The book cost Helen ten yuan.改写为： 一般疑问句：___________________________. 否定句：_______________________________. 反义疑问句：____________________________. 3.主句谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语动词也用过去时。 注意：从句叙述普遍真理或一般规律时例外。 1. I didn't know you were so busy. 2. Joan ____ me whether I _____ the book before. A. asked…had read B. asked…shall read C. asked…would read D. asked…has read 3. We expected that the English teacher _______ some advice on how to write an English letter. A. will give B. gave C. is going to give D. would give 4.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 4. 既可以用于一般现在时也可以用于一般过去时的词 seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day eg. She often came to help us in those days. 考点二：现在进行时、过去进行时 现在进行时 1. 现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作 Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2. 常见信号词：(right)now, at present, at the moment, at this time, these days, etc. The students are having an English lesson now. 3. 按计划或安排要进行的动作,信号词：go, come, leave start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return, etc. -- Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -- Ok. I’m coming. 4. 用于含有Look! Listen! Be careful!的句中 Be careful! The glass is falling down. 5. 一般不用现在进行时的动词 1. look, sound, smell, taste, feel 2. love, like, enjoy, hate 3. hope, wish 4. be, have 5. think, know, remember, forget 过去进行时 1. 过去某时刻或某段时间正在进行的事 I was reading the newspaper at 6:30 this morning. 2. at this time yesterday, at that time, then, at five o’clock in the afternoon, from two to three yesterday afternoon或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 At that time, I was reading a newspaper. 3. 过去某件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行 1. The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 2. I was typing a letter while my daughter was searching for information on the Internet. 考点三：现在完成时，过去完成时 现在完成时 1. 已完成 1. She has left. 2. I have finished my work. 2. 未完成 1. I have lived here for 10 years. 2. I’ve known her for 5 years. 3. 信号词：since+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, already , ever, never, just, yet, once, before I’m 15 now, I have lived here since I was 5.  = I have lived here since 2003.  = I have lived here for 10 years. 4. have been (to) ，have gone (to) 与have been in的区别 1. I’ve been to Beijing for many time. I know it well. 2. We can’t go shopping with Susan now, she has gone to Japan. 3. He has been abroad many times. 4. He has gone home. 5. I have been in Shanghai for more than 10 years. 5. 与一般过去时的区别: __________________________________. 1. I saw the film just now. 2. I have just seen the film. 过去完成时 1. 过去的过去 –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left 2. 信号词： by the end of last year(term, month…),by yesterday, by the time, before, after, etc. By the end of last month we had reviewed four books. *By the end of next month we will have reviewed four books. 两点注意 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 =非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换: begin/ start – be on, borrow – keep, buy – have, close – be closed, come – be back/ here, catch a cold – have a cold, die – be dead, fall asleep – be asleep, finish – be over, leave – be away from, join – be in/ be a member of, open – be open, put on – wear, wake up – be awake He joined the League two years ago. = Two years has passed since he joined the League. = It is two years since he joined the League. =It has been two years since he joined the League. = He has been in the League for two years. 2. 不规则动词 1. A-A-A 2. A-B-A 3. A-B-B 1. burst, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read 2. become, come, overcome, run 3. bend, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, deal, dig 考点五：现在完成时，过去完成时 一般将来时 1. 第一人称+shall, 所有人称+will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 1. I shall/ will turn off the lights when I leave the room. 2. When shall we meet again? 2. be going to do表示(1)计划、打算做某事 (2) 根据目前情况很可能要发生的事 1. I’m going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening. 2. It’s windy. It’s going to rain. 3.信号词：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, the coming Sunday, in the future, etc. My father will be back home from Japan in a week. 4. 主将从现 1. Mary will go shopping when she has time. 2. You will stay alone after I leave. 5. 一些表示状态或位置转移的动词用现在进行时表示将来：come, go, arrive, leave, etc. Are you going to the wetlands phone show next week? 过去将来时 1. 从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句 1. He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 2. I asked who was going there. 2. 信号词：the next day(morning, year…),later, soon, the following month(week…),etc. Yesterday our class teacher said we would soon have an outing. ( 被动语态 ) 一、语态梳理 时 体　　 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done － － 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 一些特殊结构的被动语态的表示： ① 带复合宾语的句子 将带复合宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语转换成主语，保留宾语补足语。如： ◆ We always keep the classroom clean．我们总是保持教室干净。 →The classroom is always kept clean． ② 带双宾语的句子 将带双宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，通常有两种转换方式。一种是将间接宾语转换成主语，保留直接宾语。第二种是把直接宾语转换成主语，保留间接宾语。此时，常需要在间接宾语前面加适当的介词。如： ◆ We gave him a warm welcome．我们热烈地欢迎他。 →He was given a warm welcome． ◆ They bought her a silk handkerchief as a birthday present． 他们给她买了一条真丝手帕作为生日礼物。 →A silk handkerchief was bought for her as a birthday present． 【注意】 如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，则必须把间接宾语转换成主语。如： ◆ They told him that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． 他们告诉他，他在歌咏比赛中得了一等奖。 →He was told that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． ◆ He taught her how to ride a horse。他教她如何骑马。 →She was taught how to ride a horse． (3) 动词的主动语态表示被动的意义：（重点） ① wash、write、sell、cut、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive等词的主动形式表示被动意义。 · This book sells very well．这本书卖得很好。 · The shirt washes easily．这件衬衫洗起来很容易。 · The meat cuts easily．这块肉很容易切。 ② need、want、require、deserve等词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 · The children need looking after．孩子们需要照顾。 · The window requires cleaning．窗户需要清洁了。 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、belong(to)(属于)、rise(上升)等。． (2) 表示状态的及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)等。 (3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 (4) 带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型。 (1) 宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词 + 不定式 (2) It+ be+主句谓语的过去分词-that原宾语从句 e．g．People say she knows five languages. She is said to know five languages. It is said that she knows five languages． We believe the book has translated into English． The book is believed to have been translated into English． It is believed that the book has been translated into English. 英语中常见的表达形式： 据说…… It is said that … 希望…… It is hoped that… 据推测说…… It is supposed that… 必须指出…… It must be pointed out that… 众所周知…… It is well known／that… 有人相信…… It is believed that… 二、语态考点 考点一　一般现在时的被动语态 1.Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h　　　in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico.  2.There is also Hershey, which is well　　　(know)as the chocolate company.  3.It’s also 　　　(call)the Double Ninth Festival.  4.—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It　　　 (wash)very often.  5.When you　　　 (give)a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it.  考点二　一般过去时的被动语态 1.Last week Professor Li was　　　(邀请)to make a speech on Chinese traditional festivals.  答案　invited　句意:上周李教授受邀就中国传统节日发表了演讲。本题考查动词。根据句中的was和中文提示可知此处应填invited。 2.Pennsylvania　　　(give)to the Penn family later. That is how Pennsylvania got its name.  答案　was given　句意:宾夕法尼亚后来被授予Penn家族。此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。 3.Emily is glad that she 　　　(praise) for her honesty at that meeting.  答案　was praised　句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she 和praise之间是被动关系。由at that meeting可知,从句应用一般过去时,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.These model cars　　　 (make)in China in 2013.  答案　were made　本题考查动词的被动语态。根据时间状语in 2013可知,此处应用一般过去时;model cars 应是“被制作”,故用被动语态。 5.Everybody　　　 (move)deeply after they heard the story.  答案　was moved　句意:每个人听了这个故事之后都被深深地感动了。本题考查动词的被动语态。由heard可知本空应用一般过去时。everybody和move之间是被动关系,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。 考点三　一般将来时的被动语态 1.—Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting? —No decision yet. I think it 　　　(decide) after discussing with my PE teacher.  答案　will be decided　此处表示“我认为在和体育老师讨论之后这件事就会被定下来”。逻辑主语it和decide之间存在被动关系且是还未决定的事,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 2.You’ll be p　　　 if you break the traffic rules.  答案　punished　句意:如果你违反交通规则,你将要受到惩罚。本句是含if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。主句中主语与punish为被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填punished。 3.A new road　　　(build)near my school next year.  答案　will be built　句意:在我的学校附近有一条新路明年将被建成。本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语为A new road,它与build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,时间状语为next year,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 考点四　含有情态动词的被动语态 1.Children should　　　(educate)to be honest from a young age.  答案　be educated　句意:孩子应该从小被教育要诚实。本题考查动词的被动语态。children和educate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又因设空处前有情态动词,故应用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。 2.Teenagers should 　　　 to take care of themselves from a young age.  A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated 答案　D　句意:青少年应该从小时候就被教导自己照顾自己。本题考查被动语态。由于本句中主语与谓语构成被 ( 考点 反馈 ) 1．—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 2．—Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 3．—What are you saving money for? —Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father. A．was buying B．have bought C．bought D．am going to buy 4．― The coffee’s finished! ― Oh, sorry! I __________ to the shop to get some. A．am going B．was going C．went D．have gone 5．My robot ______ a virus and it has gone wrong. A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught 6．—Tony, can you answer the telephone? I _________ the room. —OK, Mum. I’m coming. A．tidy B．tidied C．am tidying D．have tidied 7．— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 8．—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 9．By the time I finished my homework, the TV program _________ over. A．had been B．has been C．was D．will be 10．The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 11．Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 12．Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 13．We’re sure that the environment ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 14．Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments. A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created 15．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment. —I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously. A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted ( 9 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ►专题06 动词时态、被动语态 ( 考点 精讲 ) ( 动词时态 ) 1、 时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 2、 时态考点 考点一： 一般现在时，一般过去时 一般现在时 1. 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况 1. It seldom snows here. 2. He is always ready to help others. 3. Neither of us is a doctor. 4. Mr Zhao doesn’t like swimming, does he? 2. 信号词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, We visit our grandparents once a week. 3. 主将从现信号词：if(如果), when, as soon as, until, after, before 注意：if表示“是否”时不遵循主将从现的规则 1. I’ll talk to him when he ______. A. come B. will come C. comes D. came 2. I don’t know if it _____ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 4. 普遍真理，一般规律 1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 一般过去时 1. 信号词：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 1 .My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year. A. joined…has become B. joined…has been C. has joined…has been D. did join…had been 2. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _____ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins 3. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. won’t do 2. hit, hurt, put, cut, cost,  set, read, spread的过去式和过去分词无变化,注意时态辨别。                   1. Father put on his cap and ____ out. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. The book cost Helen ten yuan.改写为： 一般疑问句：___________________________. 否定句：_______________________________. 反义疑问句：____________________________. 3.主句谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语动词也用过去时。 注意：从句叙述普遍真理或一般规律时例外。 1. I didn't know you were so busy. 2. Joan ____ me whether I _____ the book before. A. asked…had read B. asked…shall read C. asked…would read D. asked…has read 3. We expected that the English teacher _______ some advice on how to write an English letter. A. will give B. gave C. is going to give D. would give 4.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 4. 既可以用于一般现在时也可以用于一般过去时的词 seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day eg. She often came to help us in those days. 考点二：现在进行时、过去进行时 现在进行时 1. 现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作 Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2. 常见信号词：(right)now, at present, at the moment, at this time, these days, etc. The students are having an English lesson now. 3. 按计划或安排要进行的动作,信号词：go, come, leave start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return, etc. -- Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -- Ok. I’m coming. 4. 用于含有Look! Listen! Be careful!的句中 Be careful! The glass is falling down. 5. 一般不用现在进行时的动词 1. look, sound, smell, taste, feel 2. love, like, enjoy, hate 3. hope, wish 4. be, have 5. think, know, remember, forget 过去进行时 1. 过去某时刻或某段时间正在进行的事 I was reading the newspaper at 6:30 this morning. 2. at this time yesterday, at that time, then, at five o’clock in the afternoon, from two to three yesterday afternoon或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 At that time, I was reading a newspaper. 3. 过去某件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行 1. The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 2. I was typing a letter while my daughter was searching for information on the Internet. 考点三：现在完成时，过去完成时 现在完成时 1. 已完成 1. She has left. 2. I have finished my work. 2. 未完成 1. I have lived here for 10 years. 2. I’ve known her for 5 years. 3. 信号词：since+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, already , ever, never, just, yet, once, before I’m 15 now, I have lived here since I was 5.  = I have lived here since 2003.  = I have lived here for 10 years. 4. have been (to) ，have gone (to) 与have been in的区别 1. I’ve been to Beijing for many time. I know it well. 2. We can’t go shopping with Susan now, she has gone to Japan. 3. He has been abroad many times. 4. He has gone home. 5. I have been in Shanghai for more than 10 years. 5. 与一般过去时的区别: __________________________________. 1. I saw the film just now. 2. I have just seen the film. 过去完成时 1. 过去的过去 –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left 2. 信号词： by the end of last year(term, month…),by yesterday, by the time, before, after, etc. By the end of last month we had reviewed four books. *By the end of next month we will have reviewed four books. 两点注意 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 =非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换: begin/ start – be on, borrow – keep, buy – have, close – be closed, come – be back/ here, catch a cold – have a cold, die – be dead, fall asleep – be asleep, finish – be over, leave – be away from, join – be in/ be a member of, open – be open, put on – wear, wake up – be awake He joined the League two years ago. = Two years has passed since he joined the League. = It is two years since he joined the League. =It has been two years since he joined the League. = He has been in the League for two years. 2. 不规则动词 1. A-A-A 2. A-B-A 3. A-B-B 1. burst, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read 2. become, come, overcome, run 3. bend, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, deal, dig 考点五：现在完成时，过去完成时 一般将来时 1. 第一人称+shall, 所有人称+will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 1. I shall/ will turn off the lights when I leave the room. 2. When shall we meet again? 2. be going to do表示(1)计划、打算做某事 (2) 根据目前情况很可能要发生的事 1. I’m going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening. 2. It’s windy. It’s going to rain. 3.信号词：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, the coming Sunday, in the future, etc. My father will be back home from Japan in a week. 4. 主将从现 1. Mary will go shopping when she has time. 2. You will stay alone after I leave. 5. 一些表示状态或位置转移的动词用现在进行时表示将来：come, go, arrive, leave, etc. Are you going to the wetlands phone show next week? 过去将来时 1. 从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句 1. He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 2. I asked who was going there. 2. 信号词：the next day(morning, year…),later, soon, the following month(week…),etc. Yesterday our class teacher said we would soon have an outing. ( 被动语态 ) 一、语态梳理 时 体　　 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done － － 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done 被动语态结构： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. · need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词  4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.  8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim.  　　 11. She enjoys watching TV. 　  辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 一些特殊结构的被动语态的表示： ① 带复合宾语的句子 将带复合宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语转换成主语，保留宾语补足语。如： ◆ We always keep the classroom clean．我们总是保持教室干净。 →The classroom is always kept clean． ② 带双宾语的句子 将带双宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，通常有两种转换方式。一种是将间接宾语转换成主语，保留直接宾语。第二种是把直接宾语转换成主语，保留间接宾语。此时，常需要在间接宾语前面加适当的介词。如： ◆ We gave him a warm welcome．我们热烈地欢迎他。 →He was given a warm welcome． ◆ They bought her a silk handkerchief as a birthday present． 他们给她买了一条真丝手帕作为生日礼物。 →A silk handkerchief was bought for her as a birthday present． 【注意】 如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，则必须把间接宾语转换成主语。如： ◆ They told him that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． 他们告诉他，他在歌咏比赛中得了一等奖。 →He was told that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． ◆ He taught her how to ride a horse。他教她如何骑马。 →She was taught how to ride a horse． (3) 动词的主动语态表示被动的意义：（重点） ① wash、write、sell、cut、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive等词的主动形式表示被动意义。 · This book sells very well．这本书卖得很好。 · The shirt washes easily．这件衬衫洗起来很容易。 · The meat cuts easily．这块肉很容易切。 ② need、want、require、deserve等词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 · The children need looking after．孩子们需要照顾。 · The window requires cleaning．窗户需要清洁了。 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、belong(to)(属于)、rise(上升)等。． (2) 表示状态的及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)等。 (3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 (4) 带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型。 (1) 宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词 + 不定式 (2) It+ be+主句谓语的过去分词-that原宾语从句 e．g．People say she knows five languages. She is said to know five languages. It is said that she knows five languages． We believe the book has translated into English． The book is believed to have been translated into English． It is believed that the book has been translated into English. 英语中常见的表达形式： 据说…… It is said that … 希望…… It is hoped that… 据推测说…… It is supposed that… 必须指出…… It must be pointed out that… 众所周知…… It is well known／that… 有人相信…… It is believed that… 二、语态考点 考点一　一般现在时的被动语态 1.Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h　　　in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico.  答案　held　句意:每年10月初,阿尔伯克基国际热气球节在新墨西哥州最大的城市阿尔伯克基举行。本题考查动词的语态。根据句意可知,此处意思是“举行”,且表示被动,故填held。 2.There is also Hershey, which is well　　　(know)as the chocolate company.  答案　known　短语be well known as...意为“作为……而著名”。 3.It’s also 　　　(call)the Double Ninth Festival.  答案　called　它又被称作重阳节。根据语义可知本句应为被动语态,应用过去分词called。 4.—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It　　　 (wash)very often.  答案　is washed　句意:——你的汽车多干净啊!——谢谢你。它常常被清洗。考查被动语态。It指汽车,动词wash和It之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,由very often可知应用一般现在时。 5.When you　　　 (give)a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it.  答案　are given　句意:当给你一项困难的任务时,要尽力继续做并且完成它。由句意可知主语you为动作give的承受者,又根据主句为祈使句,可知从句应用一般现在时的被动语态。 考点二　一般过去时的被动语态 1.Last week Professor Li was　　　(邀请)to make a speech on Chinese traditional festivals.  答案　invited　句意:上周李教授受邀就中国传统节日发表了演讲。本题考查动词。根据句中的was和中文提示可知此处应填invited。 2.Pennsylvania　　　(give)to the Penn family later. That is how Pennsylvania got its name.  答案　was given　句意:宾夕法尼亚后来被授予Penn家族。此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。 3.Emily is glad that she 　　　(praise) for her honesty at that meeting.  答案　was praised　句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she 和praise之间是被动关系。由at that meeting可知,从句应用一般过去时,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.These model cars　　　 (make)in China in 2013.  答案　were made　本题考查动词的被动语态。根据时间状语in 2013可知,此处应用一般过去时;model cars 应是“被制作”,故用被动语态。 5.Everybody　　　 (move)deeply after they heard the story.  答案　was moved　句意:每个人听了这个故事之后都被深深地感动了。本题考查动词的被动语态。由heard可知本空应用一般过去时。everybody和move之间是被动关系,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。 考点三　一般将来时的被动语态 1.—Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting? —No decision yet. I think it 　　　(decide) after discussing with my PE teacher.  答案　will be decided　此处表示“我认为在和体育老师讨论之后这件事就会被定下来”。逻辑主语it和decide之间存在被动关系且是还未决定的事,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 2.You’ll be p　　　 if you break the traffic rules.  答案　punished　句意:如果你违反交通规则,你将要受到惩罚。本句是含if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。主句中主语与punish为被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填punished。 3.A new road　　　(build)near my school next year.  答案　will be built　句意:在我的学校附近有一条新路明年将被建成。本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语为A new road,它与build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,时间状语为next year,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 考点四　含有情态动词的被动语态 1.Children should　　　(educate)to be honest from a young age.  答案　be educated　句意:孩子应该从小被教育要诚实。本题考查动词的被动语态。children和educate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又因设空处前有情态动词,故应用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。 2.Teenagers should 　　　 to take care of themselves from a young age.  A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated 答案　D　句意:青少年应该从小时候就被教导自己照顾自己。本题考查被动语态。由于本句中主语与谓语构成被 ( 考点 反馈 ) 1．—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 2．—Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——海伦在哪里？——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 考查现在进行时。根据“Where is Helen?”和“Maybe she ... her baseball lesson.”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选C。 3．—What are you saving money for? —Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father. A．was buying B．have bought C．bought D．am going to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你存钱是为了什么?  ——父亲节马上就要到了。我要给我爸爸买一件礼物。 考查动词时态。根据“Father’s Day is around the corner.”可知，存钱是为即将来临的父亲节买礼物，动作发生在将来，需用一般将来时。故选D。 4．― The coffee’s finished! ― Oh, sorry! I __________ to the shop to get some. A．am going B．was going C．went D．have gone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 咖啡没有了。——噢，不好意思。我这就去店里再买点。 考查动词时态。根据前一句“The coffee’s finished!”可知，下一步是要去店里再买点，用一般将来时，be going to...“打算去……”，故选A。 5．My robot ______ a virus and it has gone wrong. A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的机器人感染了病毒，出了问题。 考查动词时态。根据“it has gone wrong”可知，机器人感染病毒出了问题，指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时。故选D。 6．—Tony, can you answer the telephone? I _________ the room. —OK, Mum. I’m coming. A．tidy B．tidied C．am tidying D．have tidied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tony，你能接一下电话吗？我正在整理房间。——好的，妈妈，我马上来。 考查时态。根据“can you answer the telephone? I ... the room.”可知，此处表示此刻正发生的动作，用现在进行时am/is/are doing，主语是I，be用am。故选C。 7．— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A．had B．have had C．were having D．are going to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这个星期天，简和我打算去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗？——当然。到时见。 考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知，这个星期天要去野餐，事情发生在将来，时态是一般将来时，结构是will do或be doing to do。故选D。 8．—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——海伦，昨天下午五点我没看见你在教室里。——噢，那时我正在为毕业典礼练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at five yesterday afternoon”和“at that time”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。 9．By the time I finished my homework, the TV program _________ over. A．had been B．has been C．was D．will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我做完作业时，电视节目已经结束了。 考查时态。根据“By the time I finished my homework”可知，完成作业发生在过去，电视节目结束发生在完成作业之前，用过去完成时。故选A。 10．The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。 考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。 11．Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。 考查一般现在时被动语态。句中的主语Chinese和speak是动宾关系，故用被动。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done，主语为Chinese，be动词用is。故选C。 12．Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 13．We’re sure that the environment ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 【答案】D 【详解】 句意：我们确信，在不久的将来，通过我们的工作，环境将得到极大的改善。 考查时态语态。improved一般过去时；was improved一般过去时，被动语态；has improved现在完成时；will be improved一般将来时，被动语态。根据“We’re sure that the environment…greatly through our work in the near future.”和表示将来的时间状语“in the near future”判断出这个句子应该使用一般将来时；又由于在宾语从句中的主语the environment in our city是由物充当，是从句的谓语动词improve的承受着，构成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态．基于上面两方面的考虑，此题应该用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will+be+过去分词，故选D。 14．Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments. A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最近，为了改善人们的阅读环境，我所在的社区创建了不同的阅读空间。 考查时态和语态。主语Different reading spaces和谓语create之间是被动关系，根据“recently”可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态have/has done。故选B。 15．—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment. —I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously. A．is polluted B．are polluting C．polluted D．are being polluted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我认为保护环境对我们来说越来越重要。——我同意你的看法。空气和水正受到严重污染。 考查被动语态。分析句子，可知“Air and water”与动词pollute“污染”之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态（be+done）；结合语境，可知空处表示“正受到严重污染”，且主语是“Air and water”，因此be动词用复数are，时态应用现在进行时。故选D。 ( 9 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$