25.选择性必修第二册Unit 4-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 选择性必修第二册Unit 4 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. ________________　　 n. 风景; 景色  2. ________________ n. 持续时间; 期间 3. ________________ n. 烤面包片; 吐司; 干杯 vt. 为……干杯 vi. 烤(尤指面包) 4. ________________ adj. 令人惊叹的; 可怕的; 很好的 5. ________________ adj. 壮观的; 壮丽的; 惊人的 6. ________________ adj. 准备前往(某地); 一定会 7. ________________ adv. 字面上; 真正地 8. ________________ vt. 突出; 强调; 使醒目 n. 最好或最精彩的部分 9. ________________ vi. 起身; 出现; 由……引起 10. ________________ vi. 行进; 继续做 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶; 使吃惊→________________ n. 惊讶→________________ adj. 令人吃惊的→________________ adj. 感到吃惊的 2. freeze v. 结冰; (使)冻住→________________ adj. 极冷的; 冰冻的→________________adj. 冷冻的  3. anticipate vt. 预料; 预见; 期望→________________ n. 预料; 期望 4. frost vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜n. 霜; 严寒天气; 霜冻→________________ adj. 结霜的; 严寒的 5. please v. 取悦; 使高兴→________________ adj. 令人愉悦的 → ________________ adj. 感到愉悦的 6. coherence n. 连贯性→________________ adj. 有条理的; 清楚易懂的 7. photograph v. 拍照 n. 照片→________________ n. 摄影师; 拍照者 8. mist n. 薄雾; 水汽 → ________________ adj. 多雾的; 模糊的 9. breathe v. 呼吸→________________ n. 呼吸的空气→________________ adj. 上气不接下气的 10. advertise v. 做广告→________________ n. 广告; 启事 III.核心短语 1. ________________ 令人惊叹  2. ________________ 一束; 一串; 一群; 大量  3. ________________ 进而做(参加)  4. ________________ 极冷的; 冻僵的  5. ________________ 在远处  6. ________________ 相反的; 相对立的  7. ________________ 欠(某人情); 把……归功于某人  8. ________________ 利用  9. ________________ 谋生  10. ________________ 是……的特色  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: that 引导定语从句 Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island ________________.   尽管天气不好, 他们还是乘船去了海湾, 然后参观了一个小岛, 那里有卖工艺品和古董的商店。 2. 句型公式: 现在分词作状语 ________________, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.   看着美丽的风景, 她们都认为这是她们所经历过的最好的一次旅行。 3. 句型公式: 过去分词作方式状语 ________________, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.   从火车窗户看去, 加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. scenery 　　 n. 风景; 景色  2. duration n. 持续时间; 期间 3. toast n. 烤面包片; 吐司; 干杯 vt. 为……干杯 vi. 烤(尤指面包) 4. awesome adj. 令人惊叹的; 可怕的; 很好的 5. spectacular adj. 壮观的; 壮丽的; 惊人的 6. bound adj. 准备前往(某地); 一定会 7. literally  adv. 字面上; 真正地 8. highlight vt. 突出; 强调; 使醒目 n. 最好或最精彩的部分 9. arise vi. 起身; 出现; 由……引起 10. proceed vi. 行进; 继续做 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶; 使吃惊→astonishment n. 惊讶→astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的→astonished adj. 感到吃惊的 2. freeze v. 结冰; (使)冻住→freezing adj. 极冷的; 冰冻的→frozen adj. 冷冻的  3. anticipate vt. 预料; 预见; 期望→anticipation n. 预料; 期望 4. frost vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜n. 霜; 严寒天气; 霜冻→frosty adj. 结霜的; 严寒的 5. please v. 取悦; 使高兴→pleasant adj. 令人愉悦的 → pleased adj. 感到愉悦的 6. coherence n. 连贯性→coherent adj. 有条理的; 清楚易懂的 7. photograph v. 拍照 n. 照片→photographer n. 摄影师; 拍照者 8. mist n. 薄雾; 水汽 → misty adj. 多雾的; 模糊的 9. breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸的空气→breathless adj. 上气不接下气的 10. advertise v. 做广告→advertisement n. 广告; 启事 III.核心短语 1. take one’s breath away 令人惊叹  2. a bunch of  一束; 一串; 一群; 大量  3. proceed to sth. 进而做(参加)  4. freezing cold 极冷的; 冻僵的  5. in the distance  在远处  6. contrary to  相反的; 相对立的  7. owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人情); 把……归功于某人  8. make use of  利用  9. make a living  谋生  10. be typical of 是……的特色  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: that 引导定语从句 Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.   尽管天气不好, 他们还是乘船去了海湾, 然后参观了一个小岛, 那里有卖工艺品和古董的商店。 2. 句型公式: 现在分词作状语 Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.   看着美丽的风景, 她们都认为这是她们所经历过的最好的一次旅行。 3. 句型公式: 过去分词作方式状语 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.   从火车窗户看去, 加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1. It was   (freeze) cold outside, so I didn’t want to get out of the car and just stayed at the wheel when we passed a cafe. 2. When I got to the top of the hill, I was out of (breathe). 3. (scene) means the natural features of a particular part of a country that you can see, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc. 4. The number of deaths (arise) from road accidents has raised people’s concern. 5. (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude. 6. There are many accidents (arise) from alcohol drinking. 7. Her fingers were in the water. (freeze) 8. (see) from this direction, the scene isn’t as wonderful as people generally suppose. 9. It is hoped you can learn a lesson from this accident. 10. (apply) to the task, you will soon enjoy yourself. 11. It is amazing that he can hold his (breathe) under the water for minutes. 12. The explorer could not even strike a match, after the long journey on the day.（freeze） 13. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn (breathe) more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 14. This is the most (excited) football game I have ever watched. 15. From my point of view, Jane was too young proceed with the next job. 16. No matter where we come from, we shouldn’t be (embarrass) about our accent. 17. Contrary our expectation, the experiment turned out to be a complete success. 18. His mother leaned forward and gave him an (approve) look. 19. I think it is the manager, rather than the workers, that (be) to blame. 20. Great importance should be attached to emotional or mental problems (arise) from a physical cause. 21. It was a very (frighten) experience and the travelers were very brave. 22. To my , my mother wasn’t at the news that I was admitted to Peking University at all. （astonish） 23. The girl accepted a bunch of roses, deeply (move). 24. There is nothing more （satisfy）than a big meat dinner. 25. We had to stop for (breathe) before we got to the top. 26. On a morning, the little girl was found at the corner of the street. （freeze） 27. As a child, sometimes social occasions were for me. I would feel when among strangers. After several years of volunteer work in community, such disappeared. (embarrassed) 28. (frighten) at the terrible accident, the woman couldn’t sleep well. 29. To their surprise, hundreds replied to the (advertise). 30. Alcohol has a lower (freeze)point than water. 31. She picked me two (bunch) of flowers, which made me so surprised. 32. He was one of Australia’s most (distinguish) artists, renowned for his landscapes. 33. I firmly believe that you are bound   (lead) an ideal life with your consistent efforts. 34. (see) the scenery from the top of the mountain, I was fascinated by the autumn colours. 35. The (represent) from the two countries had a heated discussion on a wide range of issues. 36. They went up the CN tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance, they were to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. and splendid water from the lake flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea, forming a picture of .(astonish) 37. Although (build) three hundred years ago, the castle looks very beautiful. 38. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized. 39. It is very cold today; the temperature has dropped to (freeze) point. 40. The English language is full of idioms which are thought (come)from football. 41. The scene was quite . Catherine got .(amaze) 42. How (disappoint) it was to have missed the train! 43. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, （allow） more patients to be treated. 44. Before starting out,they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, (see) the sights. 45. The reforms owe a great deal the resolution of one man. 46. Li DaiYu heard the sound of the train (thunder) on through the rolling hills. 47. Strangely enough, at such moments, such a little girl remained calm and wasn’t at all. （frighten） 48. It is （disturb）to be interrupted by others while you are speaking. 49. She (breath) deeply and tried to calm herself. 50. The school was used as a hospital for the duration the war. 51. The snake was (freeze) on the road. 52. Edmonton is (freeze) cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging minus 10 degrees. 53. When they woke up the next morning and pulled the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron. 54. The most pleasant thing is one can be entirely free from dust. 55. The setting of the novel is very (confuse) and I hasn’t grasped it. 56. Having been exposed to the sunlight for a long time, the (窗帘) faded in the sun. 57. He didn’t understand the question, so there was a expression on his face. (puzzle) 58. On a cold evening it is (please) to sit by the fire, listening to the soft music. 59. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, （absorb）by its efficiency. 60. Sometimes you can’t make sense of some Chinese expressions (literal) because they have deeper meanings. 61. More TV programs will be produced (raise) people’s concern over food safety. 62. is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 63. When the foreigners spoke to me in English, I felt (embarrass) because of my poor English. 64. It is a bit this morning, so there is much rising in the woods.(mist) 65. The father as well as his three children goes skating on the (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter. 66. The Spring Festival Gala appeals to (mass) audience every year. 67. It is generally believed that you can’t be careful when crossing the street. 68. The patient got off the bed, (support) by the nurse. 69. I seemed to feel a (breathe) of spring in the air. 70. (have) been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes. 71. Edmonton is (freeze) cold in winter, with daily temperatures (average) -10℃. 72. You didn’t bother me. On the (相反), I like to be with you. 73. It (anticipate) that her sad mood can last for a rather long time. 74. She climbed the steps and   (proceed) along the upstairs hallway. 75. My sister seemed quite (delight) at the idea of having a picnic in the park. 76. If (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided. 77. Nearby options include jogging around the city, skiing on (frost) peaks and mountain biking through the rainforest. 78. Although she (leave) alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all. 79. When I was a child, going to hospital was a very (frighten) thing to me. 80. Polly came (bound) into the room holding a letter. 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 US President Joe Biden formally started his reelection Campaign 81 April 25. The 82 (announce) fell on the four-year anniversary of Biden 83 (launch) his 2020 US presidential campaign. According to a new NBC News national poll, 70% of Americans think that Biden should not run for 84 second term. Half of those 85 say Biden, aged 80 years old, 86 (probable) fails to take the helm for US in the right direction. It January 2021, Biden started his presidency amidst the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the aftermath of the Capitol Hill riot. He carried out economic stimulus (刺激) policies 87 (reduce) the pandemic’s impact, 88 due to some factors such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and constantly rising energy prices, US inflation (通胀) 89 (skyrocket) for more than a year, showing no signs of stopping. Nevertheless, Biden could still be in the top job 90 the election scheduled for Nov. 5, 2024. 2 阅读下面材料，根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。 In 2023, “Cun Chao,” was to become a national feast. This grassroots event caught 91 eye of the nation’s netizens, and suddenly the 92 (peace) county of Rongjiang, home to just 385,000 locals, 93 the matches took place, became a hive of activity. But this was not for cash grab. The players are all 94 (amateur) and entry to the stadium is free. The winning side 95 (award) a cow to take back to their village, and the runners-up a pig last season. In late July, villagers entered the stadium 96 their ethnic clothing, proudly 97 (raise) baskets of their local produce overhead. Singing and dancing filled the streets. Honestly speaking, Guizhou people were 98 (undoubted) down-to-earth. As finals fever heated up, the county received more than 900,000 visitors and earned over 1.07 billion yuan from tourism, a figure that was hard 99 (imagine) before it. Then every room in town was booked. Our camera crew even slept four to a bed. Yet no one 100 (mind), as we were part of something special. After all, who could sleep when the countryside was awakening? 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Space tourism is fast becoming a reality, thanks to pioneers like Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson who have ventured to the edge of space, making it 101 (access) to individuals. The era of space vacations is on the horizon, 102 (offer) multi-day escapes that rival traditional getaways. A space hotel will have been opened 103 2027 by Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC). Voyager Station, the world’s first luxury space resort, 104 (accommodate) 280 guests and 112 crew members with complete facilities, providing an unparalleled space experience in the near future. 105 space tourism may seem novel, it dates back hundreds or thousands of years, with Voyager Stations design inspired by the concept of a rotating wheel that generates artificial gravity. 106 (initial), the station will offer lunar-level gravity, like Earth’s gravity. This unique lunar environment 107 (promise) exciting possibilities for individuals with disabilities and the able-bodied. Guests will embark on their celestial journey, arriving at a central, zero-gravity docking hub (对接枢纽) before 108 (transport) to habitation modules(独立仓) not far away. It’s at the edge of the wheel 109 centrifugal (离心的) force will provide gravity for daily activities. As technology advances and transportation costs decrease, the dream of space tourism could soon become   110 reality. The rapidly growing space commerce industry and competition among companies further support the possibility of this ambitious vision. 4 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the summer holiday I had the chance to visit Pingtang County, Guizhou Province in southwest China. It’s 111 experience I will never forget. Traveling to Guizhou by high-speed rail from Beijing, I 112 (astonish) at the rapid change in scenery from skyscrapers to beautiful tree-filled mountains 113 (rest) under a clear blue sky. Upon arrival, I visited the Pingtang International Experience Planetarium, which displays China’s 114 (remark) achievements in science and space technology. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) there is the largest one of its kind in the world. To visit FAST, visitors are not permitted 115 (bring) any electronic devices due to security measures. So they must record this once-in-a-lifetime moment with their hearts and minds. 116 (truth), my favorite part of the trip was my personal interaction with the local community. Following the instructions, I worked on two community farms, went hiking and swam 117 a fresh community river alongside fish. I was educated on the regional history of the Miao people 118 culture is rich in fashion, food, pottery and music. After this adventure, my 119 (appreciate) for Chinese culture has snowballed. While I am content living and working in Beijing, Pingtang County in Guizhou has opened my eyes to the endless positive 120 (possible) China has to offer. 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is home to 56 UNESCO World Heritage sites. With troops of naughty monkeys, large bears, all kinds of snakes, precious plants, and beautiful ancient architecture, the 121 (amaze) beauty of Fanjing Mountain in Tongren city, Guizhou province, is 122 Internet sensation (轰动). The area’s fame 123 (reach) its peak in 2018, when Fanjing Mountain was added to the UNESCO’s Natural World Heritage List due 124 its rich biodiversity (生物多样性). “It’s important to promote a region’s unique value from a global perspective to apply for the list, and Fanjing Mountain meets that standard,” says Rong Li, a professor from the School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, one of the experts 125 participated in the site’s application. 126 (establish)  in 1978, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was aimed at protecting the area’s precious wild animals and plant species. It is an issue for such a nature reserve to balance ecological 127 (protect) and tourism development. The goal can’t 128 (achieve) without input (投入) from 129 (local), the authorities and experts. “The 130 (success) entry into the list saw tourism to the mountain hit record numbers in 2019,” says Tao Huayuan, head of Wuling Scenic Area Management company, which is in charge of the Fanjing Mountain scenic area. 参考答案 一、 1. freezing 【解析】考查固定表达。句意：外面很冷，所以当我们经过一家咖啡馆时，我不想下车，只是坐在驾驶室。结合句意表达“极冷的”为固定搭配freezing cold，故填freezing。 2. breath 【解析】考查名词。句意：当我到达山顶时，我上气不接下气。out of breath (喘不过气，上气不接下气)，用不可数名词breath。故填breath。 3. Scenery 【解析】考查名词。句意：风景指的是在一个国家某个特定的地方你可以看见的自然特点，例如山川、森林、沙漠等。分析句子可知，此处应用名词scenery“风景”作为句子主语，该词不可数，故填Scenery。 4. arising 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：交通事故造成的死亡人数引起了人们的关注。deaths与arise from之间是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填arising。 5. Trapped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在废墟中，这个女孩依然保持乐观的态度。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the girl和trap之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填Trapped。 6. arising 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有许多事故是由饮酒引起的。句中已有谓语动词are，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词accidents与arise之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。根据句意，故填arising。 7. frozen freezing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在冰冷的水里，她的手指都冻僵了。第一空表示“冻僵”应用形容词frozen，作表语；第二空修饰water，表示“冰冷的”应用形容词freezing作定语。故填①frozen；②freezing。 8. Seen 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个方向看，这景色并不像人们通常认为的那么美妙。分析句子成分可知，本句有一个谓语动词为“isn’t”，无连词，故提示词应为非谓语动词，且和主语“the scene”为逻辑上的被动关系，故用done形式作状语。故填Seen。 9. that 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：希望你能从这次事故中吸取教训。此处考查it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，故填that。 10. Applied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你专注于这项任务，你会过得很开心。be applied to sth.专注于......，本句为过去分词作状语，空处需用applied，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Applied。 11. breath 【解析】考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，他能在水下屏住呼吸几分钟。hold one’s breath是固定短语，意为“ 屏住呼吸”。故填breath。 12. frozen freezing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：探险者甚至连一根火柴也划不了，在寒冷的冬天，长途跋涉使他冻僵了。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处作状语，主语为the explorer，故应用形容词“frozen冻僵的，冻住的”作状语；空2：此处作定语，修饰名词day，故应用形容词“freezing极冷的，冰冻的”，故填frozen，freezing。 13. to breathe 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你进行户外运动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。分析句子可知，设空处接在动词learn后作宾语，一般用不定式形式。故填to breathe。 14. exciting 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这是我曾经看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。V-ing形式的形容词常用来修饰物，V-ed形式的形容词常用来修饰人，本题中修饰名词短语football game，应用V-ing形式的形容词exciting“令人激动人心的”，和空格前的 the most一起构成形容词的最高级，作定语。故填exciting。 15. to 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在我看来，简还太年轻，不能继续下一份工作。“too+形容词+to do”是固定搭配，意为“太……而不能做某事”，因此空格处是to，故填to。 16. embarrassed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：无论我们来自哪里，我们都不应该为自己的口音感到难堪。embarrassed指人（自己感到尴尬）；embarrassing指人或物令人尴尬。结合句意，此处是指我们不应该为自己的口音感到难堪，所以应用embarrassed表示“感到难堪，感到尴尬”。故填embarrassed。 17. to 【解析】考查介词。句意：出乎我们的意料，实验很成功。固定搭配contrary to one's expectation，出乎意料、始料未及，故填to。 18. approving 【解析】考查形容词。句意：母亲俯身向前，赞许地看了他一眼。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词an，空后是名词look，所以空处应填形容词修饰look，look为物，应该用动词-ing形式修饰。故填approving。 19. is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我认为是经理而非雇员应该承担责任。分析句子可知，it is... that...在本句中是强调句型，去掉后可以看出从句的主语是the manager，设空处是谓语，应用单数形式；根据it is可知，应用一般现在时。故填is。 20. arising 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对身体原因引起的情绪或精神问题应给予高度重视。分析句子结构可知arise与逻辑主语problems构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。 21. frightening 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这是一次非常吓人的经历,他们非常勇敢。frighten"使惊吓；害怕"是动词，飞分析句子可知，此处用形容词形式作定语修饰experience作定语，根据句意，表示事物的特征用用形容词frightening“吓人的；令人恐惧的”，故填frightening。 【点睛】 22. astonishment astonished astonishing 【解析】考查固定短语和形容词。句意：令我惊讶的是，我母亲对我被北京大学录取的惊人消息一点也不惊讶。To my astonishment译为“令我惊讶的是”，是固定短语；形容词astonished（感到惊讶的）作表语修饰my mother ；形容词astonishing（令人惊讶的）作定语修饰news。故①astonishment②astonished ③astonishing。 23. moved 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：女孩接过一束玫瑰，深受感动。分析句子结构可知move与逻辑主语girl构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填moved。 24. satisfying 【解析】考查形容词。句意：没有什么比一顿丰盛的肉晚餐更令人满意的了。is是系动词，接形容词作表语，修饰物，说明事物的特征，用ing形式形容词，satisfying“令人满意的”符合句意，故填satisfying。 25. breath 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们不得不停下来喘口气，然后再登山顶。此处应用名词breath作宾语，为抽象名词，不可数，故填breath。 26. freezing frozen 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在一个寒冷的早晨，人们发现小女孩被冻在街道的拐角处。分析句意可知，第一个空格后的名词morning是物，所以用形容词freezing来修饰，表示“寒冷的”早晨；第二个空格处的主语the little girl是人，所以用形容词frozen表示小女孩处于“冻僵的” 状态。故答案为①freezing②frozen。 27. embarrassing embarrassed embarrassment 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：小时候，有时社交场合会令人尴尬。当我和陌生人在一起时，我会感到尴尬。在社区做了好几年的志愿工作后，这种尴尬就不在了。第一个空需填-ing结尾形容词embarrassing，修饰抽象事物social occasions；第二个空需填-ed结尾形容词embarrassed，修饰人，即I；最后一空需填名词embarrassment，充当disappeared的主语。故第一空填embarrassing，第二空填embarrassed，第三空填embarrassment。 28. Frightened 【解析】考查形容词。句意：那女人被可怕的事故吓坏了，睡不好觉。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be frightened at…”，意为“受……惊吓”，句子主语为“woman”，指人，故空格处应用“frightened”，意为“感到害怕的”，形容词词性，修饰人，句首单词首字母大写。故填Frightened。 29. advertisement 【解析】考查名词。句意：令他们吃惊的是，成百上千的人回复了这则广告。空处作宾语，表示“广告”应用名词advertisement，此处表特指应用单数。故填advertisement。 30. freezing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：酒精的冰点比水的冰点要低。freezing point 是固定短语，意为“冰点”，形容词freezing“冰冻的”作定语修饰名词point。故填freezing。 31. bunches 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：她给我摘了两束花，这让我很惊讶。two后接名词复数，作picked的直接宾语。故填bunches。 32. distinguished 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是澳大利亚最杰出的艺术家之一，以他的风景而闻名。分析句子可知空处应为形容词distinguished，与most构成最高级，修饰artists，故填distinguished。 33. to lead 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我坚信，只要你坚持不懈的努力，你一定会过上理想的生活。固定短语“be bound to do”意为“一定会做某事”，故填to lead。 34. Seeing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶看风景，我被秋天的颜色迷住了。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词；所填词see与句子主语I之间是主动的关系，所以用现在分词的主动形式在句中作状语。注意，所填词位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Seeing。 35. representatives 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：两国代表就广泛的问题进行了热烈的讨论。分析句子结构，句子缺少主语，空前有定冠词the，这里用名词作主语，再根据from the two countries可知这里用名词复数，所给词represent是动词，其名词是representative，复数是representatives。故填representatives。 36. astonished Astonishing astonishment 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：他们登上加拿大国家电视台的电视塔，眺望安大略湖的湖岸。站在远处，他们惊讶地看到雾云从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升，该瀑布位于尼亚加拉大湖的南侧。惊人壮观的湖水流入尼亚加拉河，越过瀑布流入大海，形成了一幅令人惊叹的画面。第一空用形容词作表语，修饰人，应用-ed结尾的形容词astonished，表示“惊讶的”；第二空表示“惊人的”用来修饰water，应用-ing结尾的形容词astonishing，单词位于句首，首字母大写。第三空应用名词作宾语，表示“惊讶”，为名词astonishment，为不可数名词，故填①astonished②Astonishing③astonishment。 37. built 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这座城堡建于三百年前，但看起来非常漂亮。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，build与逻辑主语the castle之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式built表示被动意义。故填built。 38. that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。分析句子可知，not until the early 19th century作空格后面整个句子的时间状语，去掉“It was”和空格处单词，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型，可还原为his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century。强调句句式为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”，被强调部分不是人，故空格处填that。故填that。 39. freezing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天天气很冷；气温已降至冰点。freezing point是固定用法，意为“冰点”，因此空格处用形容词freezing，意为“极冷的”。故填freezing。 40. to have come 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：英语中充满了被认为来自足球的习语。be thought to do sth.为固定结构，意为“被认为做某事”，结合语意可知，来自足球这一动作已经完成，空处应用不定式的完成式。故填to have come。 41. amazing amazed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这一幕非常令人惊叹。凯瑟琳惊讶了。分析句子，设空处都要使用形容词作表语。amaze为动词，意为“使惊讶的”，其形容词为amazed，意为“感到惊讶的”，修饰人；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物。故填amazing和amazed。 42. disappointing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：误了火车是多么令人失望啊！How引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，且表示“错过火车”这件事情，令人失望，故用ing形式作表语。故填disappointing。 43. allowing 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。本句已有谓语has obtained 且无连词，此处用非谓语形式，主语The hospital 和动词allow是主谓关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填allowing。 44. seeing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：出发前，他们在温哥华待了几天，看看风景。空处为非谓语动词，see与they为主动关系，所以用现在分词，作状语。故填seeing。 45. to 【解析】考查介词。句意：改革在很大程度上要归功于一个人的决心。此处是固定搭配：owe...to意为“把……归功于”。故填to。 46. thundering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：李黛玉听到火车隆隆驶过连绵起伏的山丘。空处为非谓语动词，the train与thunder为主动关系，用现在分词作train的定语。故填thundering。 47. frightening frightened 【解析】考查形容词。句意：奇怪的是，在这样可怕的时刻，这样一个小女孩却保持冷静，一点也不害怕。根据句意及所给句子可知，第一空修饰moments，应用-ing结尾形容词frightening，意为“可怕的”。第二空描述a little girl的感情，应用-ed结尾形容词frightened，意为“受惊的，害怕的”。故填①frightening；②frightened。 48. disturbing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当你说话时被别人打断是令人很烦的。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主系表结构，disturb的形容词disturbing在be动词is 后作表语，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to be interrupted by others while you are speaking.，说明事物的特征，用ing形式形容词 。故填disturbing。 49. was breathing/breathed 【解析】考查时态。句意：她深深地吸了一口气，试图使自己平静下来。设空处为谓语动词，应用动词breathe；陈述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语为She，助动词用was，设空处填was breathing；陈述过去发生的动作，与tried并列，可用一般过去时，故填breathed。故填：①was breathing；②breathed。 50. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：这所学校在战争期间被用作医院。此处考查介词短语for the duration of，意为“在整个……期间”，作状语，设空处应用介词of。故填of。　 51. frozen 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：那条蛇在路上被冻住了。分析句意可知，此处应该用被动语态，用be+动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，所以此处填提示词的过去分词形式。故填frozen。 52. freezing 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，日平均气温为零下10度。freezing cold固定搭配，意为“极冷的”。故填freezing。 53. back 【解析】考查介词。句意：当他们第二天早上醒来，拉开窗帘时，他们可以看到广阔的休伦湖。动词短语 pull back表示“拉开”。故填back。 54. that 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：最令人高兴的事情是，人们可以完全免于灰尘。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分，意思完整，所以用that引导。故填that。 55. confusing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这部小说的背景很令人困惑，我还没弄懂。根据上文“The setting of the novel is”可知，应填-ing结尾形容词confusing，作表语，表示“令人困惑的”。故填confusing。 56. curtain (s) 【解析】考查名词。句意：窗帘暴露在阳光下太久了，在阳光下褪色了。窗帘为curtain ，可以是单数也可以是复数，作主语。故填curtain (s)。 57. puzzling puzzled 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：他不懂这个令人疑惑的问题，所以在他脸上有一个疑惑的表情。puzzle为及物动词，宾语一般是人，意为“使迷惑，使困惑”。puzzled意为“感到迷惑的，困惑的，茫然的；搞糊涂的”，常用来修饰人，也可修饰表示表情、声音等一类的名词；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的”，常用来修饰物。第一空指“令人疑惑的问题”，故用puzzling；第二空指“疑惑的表情”，故用puzzled。故填puzzling，puzzled。 58. pleasant 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁，听着轻柔的音乐是令人愉快的。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词作表语。please为动词，其形容词形式为pleasant“令人愉快的”，常用来说明事物。故填pleasant。 59. absorbed 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：我盯着废物处理机的移动模型，被它的效率所吸引。分析句子可知，逗号之前为主句，动词“stare”为谓语，所以空白处要填非谓语动词，固定短语：be absorbed by “被......吸引”，此处省略be作状语。故填absorbed。 60. literally 【解析】考查副词。句意：有时候你不能从字面上理解一些汉语表达，因为它们有更深的含义。设空处在句中作状语修饰动词短语make sense of ，所给词literal的副词literally“按字面；字面上”符合句意。故填literally。 61. to raise 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：将制作更多的电视节目来提高人们对食品安全的关注。根据句意，制作更多的电视节目是为了提高人们对食品安全的关注，所以这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to raise。 62. As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的会谈正在取得进展。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词位于句首，表示“正如”应用as，as is reported“据报道”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。 63. embarrassed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当外国人跟我用英语说话时，我感到尴尬，因为我的英语很不好。空处需填形容词作表语，表示“人的感受”，需用-ed结尾的形容词。故填embarrassed。 64. misty mist 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：今天早晨有点雾蒙蒙的，所以树林里升起了很多雾。第一空作表语应用形容词misty；第二空作there be句型的主语，应用名词mist。故填①misty；②misty。 65. frozen 【解析】考查形容词。句意：冬天的每个星期天下午，父亲和他的三个孩子都在结冰的河里滑冰。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，freeze的形容词形式是frozen。故填frozen。 66. massive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：春晚每年都吸引着大批观众。空处修饰名词audience，应用形容词形式massive作定语。故填massive。 67. too 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：人们普遍认为过马路时再小心也不为过。“can’t be too+形容词”是固定短语，意为“再……都不为过”，因此空格处是too，故填too。 68. supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：病人在护士的扶下下了床。分析句子，句中got为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处the patient与support之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。故填supported。 69. breath 【解析】考查名词。句意：我似乎感到空气中弥漫着春天的气息。根据前面的冠词a可知，此处应使用breathe的名词形式。故填breath。 70. Having 【解析】考查现在分词完成式的被动语态。动词warn意为“警告”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语students构成被动关系，且动作发生在谓语之前，所以应用现在分词完成式的被动语态。句首首字母应大写。故填Having。 71. freezing averaging 【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，日平均气温为零下10℃。freezing cold“非常寒冷”，逗号后面是with复合结构，temperatures与动词average(平均达到)在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填freezing，averaging。 72. contrary 【解析】考查名词。句意：你没有打扰我。相反，我很喜欢和你在一起。根据汉语意思提示可知，名词contrary符合题意，on the contrary是固定词组，意为“正相反”。故答案为contrary。 73. is anticipated 【解析】考查固定句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：预计她的悲伤情绪会持续相当长的一段时间。It be anticipated that...为固定句型，其意为“预计……”，其中It是形式主语，that是主语从句；结合从句时态可知，描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，又因主语是单数代词，所以be动词用is。故填is anticipated。 74. proceeded 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她爬上台阶，沿着楼上的走廊往前走。空处和climbed并列，作谓语，由上文的climbed可知，此处需用一般过去时。故填proceeded。 75. delighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我妹妹似乎对去公园野餐的主意很高兴。空前为系动词“seemed”，且主语为人，故用修饰人的形容词作表语。故填delighted。 76. given 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：要是被给予更多的关注，这场严重的交通事故本可以被避免。根据 could have been avoided 可知本句是和过去事实相反的假设，因此从句应该是If the serious accident had been given better attention , 由于状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且含be 动词，因此将从句中的the serious accident had been 省略。故填given。 77. frosted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：附近的选择包括环绕城市慢跑，在结霜的山峰上滑雪，在雨林中骑山地自行车。名词peaks前用形容词frosted修饰，表示“结霜的”，故填frosted。 78. was left 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：虽然珍妮被一个人留在家里，但她一点也不害怕。根据主句可知，从句为一般过去时，主语与leave为被动关系。故填was left。 79. frightening 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，去医院对我来说是一件非常可怕的事情。根据所给句子可知，此处需要使用形容词作表语，frighten(使……害怕)，形容词形式为：frightening(令人害怕的)，frightened(感到害怕的)，根据所给句子可知“going to hospital(去医院)”是一件令人害怕的事情，因此使用-ing形容词形式，故填frightening。 80. bounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：波莉拿着一封信蹦蹦跳跳地走进房间。句子的谓语动词是came into，此处应用非谓语动词，与主语Polly是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作伴随状语。其中holding a letter也是伴随状语。故填bounding。 二、 1 81. on 82. announcement 83. launching 84. a 85. who 86. probably 87. to reduce 88. but/yet 89. has been skyrocketing/has skyrocketed 90. until/before 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，4月25日，美国总统拜登正式开始竞选连任，文章介绍了美国民众对拜登竞选连任的看法以及拜登任职期间对美国经济的影响。 81. 考查介词。句意：4月25日，美国总统拜登正式开始竞选连任。“April 25”表示具体某一天，前面应用介词on，故填on。 82. 考查名词。句意：这一消息是在拜登发起2020年美国总统竞选四周年之际宣布的。结合空前的The可知，空处应填名词作主语，故填announcement。 83. 考查动名词。句意同上。空处应填动名词作介词of的宾语，Biden为动词launch的逻辑主语，故填launching。 84. 考查不定冠词。句意：根据NBC新闻的一项新的全国民意调查，70%的美国人认为拜登不应该竞选第二任期。此处是“不定冠词+序数词”的用法，表示“又一（次），再一（次）”，故填a。 85. 考查定语从句。句意：有一半的人认为，80岁的拜登可能没能带领美国走上正确的方向。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。 86. 考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词fails应用副词形式，故填probably。 87. 考查动词不定式。句意：为减少疫情影响，他实施了经济刺激政策，但受俄乌冲突、能源价格持续上涨等因素影响，美国通胀一年多来持续飙升，丝毫没有停止的迹象。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。 88. 考查连词。句意同上。结合句意可知，空前后是转折关系，应用连词but或yet连接，故填but/yet。 89. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。结合“showing no signs of stopping”可知此处用现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，有可能继续下去；也可用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，主语inflation是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has been skyrocketing/has skyrocketed。 90. 考查连词。句意：尽管如此，拜登仍有可能担任最高职位，直到2024年11月5日的大选/拜登仍有可能在2024年11月5日的大选之前担任最高职位。结合句意可知，此处指“直到2024年11月5日的大选”或“在2024年11月5日的大选之前”，用连词until“直到”或before“在……之前”，故填until/before。 2 91. the 92. peaceful 93. where 94. amateurs 95. was awarded 96. in 97. raising 98. undoubtedly 99. to imagine 100. minded 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2023年，草根足球赛事“Cun Chao”在全国范围内引起轰动，榕江县成为活动中心，展现了贵州人民的质朴热情与乡村足球魅力，吸引大量游客，促进了当地旅游业的发展。 91. 考查定冠词。句意：这场草根活动吸引了全国网民的注意，比赛发生地榕江这个只有38.5万当地人的平静县城突然变成了一片繁忙的活动场所。特指全国网民的眼睛（暗指注意），用定冠词the，“caught the eye of”表示“引起……的注意”。故填the。 92. 考查形容词。句意：这场草根活动吸引了全国网民的眼球，比赛发生地榕江这个只有38.5万当地人的平静县城突然变成了一片繁忙的活动场所。空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词 county。peace的形容词形式为peaceful“平静的”。故填peaceful。 93. 考查定语从句。句意：这场草根活动吸引了全国网民的眼球，比赛发生地榕江这个只有38.5万当地人的平静县城突然变成了一片繁忙的活动场所。空处引导非限定词定语从句，修饰先行词“county of Rongjiang”，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 94. 考查名词的复数。句意：球员们都是业余选手，而且进入体育场是免费的。amateur“业余爱好者”，为可数名词。根据空前的all可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填amateurs。 95. 考查时态语态。句意：获胜方被授予一头牛带回他们的村庄，上赛季的亚军则获得一头猪。空处为句子的谓语动词。结合last season，句子描述的是过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，且主语The winning side和该动词之间为被动关系，用被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填was awarded。 96. 考查介词。句意：7月下旬，村民们穿着民族服装进入体育场，骄傲地在头顶上举起一篮篮当地农产品。in one’s… clothing表示“穿着……的衣服”。故填in。 97. 考查现在分词。句意：7月下旬，村民们穿着民族服装进入体育场，骄傲地在头顶上举起一篮篮当地农产品。句中已有谓语，空处需要非谓语动词作伴随状语。该动词和其逻辑主语villagers之间为主动关系，且表示同时发生的动作，用现在分词形式。故填raising。 98. 考查副词。句意：说实话，贵州人无疑是脚踏实地的。空处用副词作状语修饰形容词down-to-earth。undoubted的副词形式是undoubtedly，意为“无疑地”。故填undoubtedly。 99. 考查不定式。句意：随着决赛热浪的升温，该县接待了超过90万游客，从旅游业赚取了超过10.7亿元人民币，这个数字在之前是难以想象的。be hard to do sth. 表示“做某事是困难的”。故填to imagine。 100. 考查动词时态。句意：然而没有人介意，因为我们是特别的一部分。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据上下文时态，这里是发生在过去的事情，使用一般过去时。故填minded。 3 101. accessible 102. offering 103. by 104. will accommodate 105. Though/Although/While 106. Initially 107. promises 108. being transported 109. that 110. a 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅游的发展情况。 101. 考查形容词。句意：多亏了像杰夫·贝佐斯和理查德·布兰森这样的开拓者，太空旅游正迅速成为现实，他们已经冒险到了太空的边缘，使个人可以进入太空。此处为make it adj. to do sth.，形容词accessible作宾补。故填accessible。 102. 考查非谓语动词。句意：太空度假的时代即将到来，提供的多天假期可以与传统度假相媲美。此处offer与The era of space vacations构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。 103. 考查介词。句意：到2027年，轨道装配公司（OAC）将开设一家太空酒店。表示“到……为止”应用by+时间，故填by。 104. 考查时态。句意：旅行者空间站是世界上第一个豪华太空度假村，将容纳280名客人和112名机组人员，设施齐全，在不久的将来提供无与伦比的太空体验。根据后文in the near future可知为应用一般将来时。故填will accommodate。 105. 考查状语从句。句意：虽然太空旅游看起来很新奇，但它可以追溯到几百年甚至几千年前，旅行者空间站的设计灵感来自于一个产生人工重力的旋转轮子的概念。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though、although或while，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 106. 考查副词。句意：最初，空间站将提供月球级别的重力，就像地球引力一样。修饰后文句子应用副词initially，首字母大写。故填Initially。 107. 考查时态。句意：这种独特的月球环境为残疾人和健全人提供了令人兴奋的可能性。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为environment，谓语用三单形式。故填promises。 108. 考查非谓语动词。句意：客人们将开始他们的太空之旅，到达一个中央的零重力对接中心，然后被运送到不远处的居住模块。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式，且transport与Guests构成被动关系，故用being done形式。故填being transported。 109. 考查强调句。句意：在轮子的边缘，离心力将为日常活动提供重力。此处为强调句：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分为at the edge of the wheel，应用that。故填that。 110. 考查冠词。句意：随着技术的进步和运输成本的降低，太空旅游的梦想可能很快就会成为现实。短语become a reality表示“成为现实”。故填a。 4 111. an 112. was astonished 113. resting 114. remarkable 115. to bring 116. Truthfully 117. in 118. whose 119. appreciation 120. possibilities 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己去贵州平塘县的旅游经历。 111. 考查不定冠词。句意：这是一次我永远不会忘记的经历。分析句子成分可知，此处表示泛指，且“experience”是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 112. 考查时态。句意：从北京乘高铁到贵州，从摩天大楼到碧空下绿树成荫的美丽山峦，景色的迅速变化让我惊讶不已。固定搭配be astonished at“对……感到震惊”。且此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语是“I”，“be”动词用was。故填was astonished。 113. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从北京乘高铁到贵州，从摩天大楼到碧空下绿树成荫的美丽山峦，景色的迅速变化让我惊讶不已。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。非谓语动词“rest”和“mountains”之间是主谓关系，应现在分词作后置定语。故填resting。 114. 考查形容词。句意：到达后，我参观了平塘国际体验天文馆，这里展示了中国在科学和航天技术方面取得的巨大成就。空处应填形容词remarkable作定语，修饰名词“achievements”。故填remarkable。 115. 考查非谓语动词。句意：参观FAST，由于安全措施，游客不允许携带任何电子设备。固定搭配permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，此处是其被动式be permitted to do sth.。故填to bring。 116. 考查副词。句意：说实话，这次旅行中我最喜欢的部分是我与当地社区的个人互动。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Truthfully。 117. 考查介词。句意：按照指示，我在两个社区农场工作，去徒步旅行，在社区一条淡水河里和鱼一起游泳。根据句意，此处表示“在社区一条淡水河里”，用介词in。故填in。 118. 考查定语从句。句意：我学习了苗族的地域历史，他们的文化在时尚、饮食、陶艺和音乐方面都很丰富。分析句子成分可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“Miao people”，关系词在从句中作从句中culture定语，和“culture”之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 119. 考查名词。句意：经过这次冒险，我越来越欣赏中国文化。根据空后的谓语动词“has snowballed”可知，此处应填名词作主语，appreciation欣赏，不可数名词。故填appreciation。 120. 考查名词。句意：虽然我满足于在北京生活和工作，但贵州平塘县让我看到了中国提供的无限积极可能性。分析句子成分可知，应为名词作介词“to”的宾语，且照应形容词“endless”，应用可数名词possibility的复数形式。故填possibilities。 5 121. amazing 122. an 123. reached 124. to 125. who/that 126. Established 127. protection 128. be achieved 129. locality 130. successful 【解析】这是一篇说明文。贵州省铜仁市梵净山拥有顽皮的猴子、大型的熊、各种各样的蛇、珍贵的植物和美丽的古建筑，令人惊叹的美景在网上引起了轰动，2018年因其丰富的生物多样性被列入联合国教科文组织的世界自然遗产名录。 121. 考查形容词。句意：贵州省铜仁市梵净山拥有顽皮的猴子、大型的熊、各种各样的蛇、珍贵的植物和美丽的古建筑，令人惊叹的美景在网上引起了轰动。修饰名词beauty应用形容词amazing表示“令人惊叹的”作定语。故填amazing。 122. 考查冠词。句意：贵州省铜仁市梵净山拥有顽皮的猴子、大型的熊、各种各样的蛇、珍贵的植物和美丽的古建筑，令人惊叹的美景在网上引起了轰动。sensation意为“引起轰动的人（或事物）”，为可数名词，此处为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词。Internet发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 123. 考查一般过去时。句意：该地区的名气在2018年达到顶峰，梵净山因其丰富的生物多样性被列入联合国教科文组织的世界自然遗产名录。根据“in 2018”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填reached。 124. 考查介词。句意：该地区的名气在2018年达到顶峰，梵净山因其丰富的生物多样性被列入联合国教科文组织的世界自然遗产名录。due to意为“因为”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 125. 考查定语从句。句意：贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院教授李荣表示：“申请世界自然遗产名录，从全球的角度提升一个地区的独特价值是很重要的，梵井山符合这一标准。”李荣是参与世界自然遗产申请的专家之一。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为experts，指人，所以应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 126. 考查过去分词。句意：梵净山国家级自然保护区成立于1978年，旨在保护该地区珍贵的野生动植物物种。动词establish意为“成立”，和系动词之间没有连词，和主语Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。句首首字母应大写。故填Established。 127. 考查名词。句意：如何平衡好生态保护与旅游发展的关系是自然保护区面临的问题。在动词balance后应用名词protection作宾语，表示“保护”。故填protection。 128. 考查情态动词用法和被动语态。句意：没有地方、当局和专家的投入，这个目标是无法实现的。动词achieve意为“实现”，和主语goal构成被动关系。情态动词can后动词应用原形。故填be achieved。 129. 考查名词。句意：没有地方、当局和专家的投入，这个目标是无法实现的。在介词from后应用名词locality表示“地方”作宾语。故填locality。 130. 考查形容词。句意：负责梵净山景区管理的武陵风景区管理公司负责人陶华远表示：“成功进入名录后，梵净山的旅游人数在2019年创下了历史新高。”修饰名词entry应用形容词successful表示“成功的”，作定语。故填successful。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修二 Unit 4 Journey across a Vast Land 1 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. arise vi. 出现; 发生; 起床; 起身 【教材原句】 The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. (P38)第二天早上, 两个女孩早早起床, 坐火车去路易斯湖, 穿过加拿大的落基山脉。 【词块必记】 arise from/out of　　　　因……产生 由……引起 【知识拓展】 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise (vi. ) 出现; 发生 arose arisen arising rise (vi. ) 升起; 起身; 增长; 上升 rose risen rising raise (vt. ) 举起; 唤起; 提高; 饲养 raised raised raising 【知识微练】 用arise, rise, raise的适当形式填空 ①As is known to us, the sun ____ in the east and sets in the west. ②Years of experience in driving made Mr Black convinced that he could deal with emergencies ______ at any time ③_______people’s awareness of protecting the environment, we launched a campaign.   rises arising To raise 2. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶; 使吃惊 【典型例句】 When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at what I saw. 当我去厨房吃早饭的时候, 我被眼前的一切惊呆了。 【词块必记】 (1) astonishing 　　　 adj. 令人感到惊讶的 (2) astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶 (3) astonishment n. 惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①It was __________ (astonish) that she should accept such a challenging job. ②Lindsey’s husband was totally __________ (astonish) by the unexpected visit. ③To our great ____________, he wasn’t __________ at the __________ news at all. (astonish) astonishing astonished astonishment astonished astonishing 3. bound adj. 准备前往(某地); 注定 【教材原句】 They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. (P38) 她们过了一夜, 然后乘坐长途汽车, 向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉, 来到贾斯珀。 【词块必记】 be bound for sp. 　　　　 开往某地 be bound to do sth. 注定做某事 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Children are bound _______(meet) with setbacks as they grow up, so their parents don’t have to worry about it.   ②He got on a Russian plane bound ___ Berlin. 【典句赏析】 With your diligence and concentration, you are bound to succeed in entering an ideal university. 以你的勤奋和专心, 你一定会成功地进入一所理想的大学。 to meet for 4. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的; 友好的 【典型例句】 Your letter calls up those pleasant days when we worked together. 你的来信使我想起了我们在一起工作的愉快的日子。 【词块必记】 (1) pleased 　　　　 adj. 高兴的; 满意的 be pleased to do sth. 做某事很高兴 be pleased with sth. 对某事感到满意 (2) please v. 使高兴 (3) pleasure n. 快乐; 乐事 for pleasure 为了消遣 with pleasure 当然了, 很愿意 (4) unpleasant adj. 令人不悦的 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Yesterday, I read a story, whose ending is ________ (please). The prince killed the monster and saved the princess in the end and they have lived happily ever since.   ②There is no greater ________ (please) than lying on the grass, staring at the night sky. ③I feel especially _______(please) while (I am) walking in the spring rain. pleasant pleasure pleased Ⅱ. 核心短语 5. take sb. ‘s breath away 令人惊叹 【教材原句】 When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. (P38) 火车抵达车站后, 她们乘坐一辆出租车到路易斯湖, 那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽, 令她们惊叹不已。 【词块必记】 hold one’s breath　　 屏住呼吸 catch one’s breath 喘息; 恢复正常呼吸 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 breathe v. 呼吸 【知识微练】 用breath短语填空 ①They reached the company ____________only to be told they were fired.   ②_________________, and then you may feel relaxed.   ③While climbing up the stairs the old man always ______________.   ④The race was so close that everyone was __________________at the finish.   【典句赏析】 In order to dance well, she sometimes practiced dancing until she was too tired to keep practicing, lying on the ground out of breath. 为了跳好舞, 她有时会一直 练到筋疲力尽, 躺在地上上气不接下气。 out of breath Take a deep breath loses his breath holding their breath 【补充要点】 1. freeze vi. &vt. 结冰; (使)冻住 【教材原句】 Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃. (P38) 埃德蒙顿在冬天冷得要命, 平均日气温为零下十摄氏度。 【词块必记】 (1)原形freeze—过去式froze—过去分词frozen (2)freezing adj. 寒冷的 (3)frozen adj. 冷冻的; 结冰的 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①It is _______ outside now, and more snow is falling on already ______ streets. (freeze) ②Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl, there is some jelly, which ______ (freeze) when cooled. 【典句赏析】 Hearing the unexpected news, he froze and couldn’t move an inch. 听到这个 意外的消息, 他呆住了一下也动不了。 freezing frozen freezes 2. anticipate vt. 预料; 预见; 期望 【教材原句】 However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed. (P39)然而她们没有预料到会看到这样一片开阔的国土, 真的很惊讶。 【词块必记】 (1)anticipate doing sth. 　 预料到做某事 (2)anticipation n. 预料; 期望 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①_________________(anticipate) this major problem, the company took a series of methods to make sure the project would go as smoothly as possible.   ②He bought extra food in the ___________ (anticipate) that more people would come than he had invited. Having anticipated anticipation 3. contrary adj. 相反的; 相对立的 n. 相反的事实(或事情) 【典型例句】 We shouldn’t look down upon the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them. 我们不应该歧视残疾人, 相反地, 我们应该帮助他们。 【词块必记】 (1)be contrary to　 与……相反 (2)on the contrary 恰恰相反 (3)to the contrary 相反地 【知识微练】 翻译句子 ①Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention. ___________________________ ②He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. On the contrary, he had a wonderful time. ________________________________________________________ “拔苗助长”往往会事与愿违。 他看起来在巴黎玩得不开心。而事实恰恰相反, 他过得很愉快。 4. owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人情); 把……归功于某人 【典型例句】 He owed his achievement to hard work and determination to succeed. 他把他的成就归功于辛勤的工作和必胜的决心。 【词块必记】 owe sb. sth. =owe sth. to sb. owing to因为, 由于 【知识拓展】 其他表示 “因为, 由于”的词组: because of, as a result of, on account of, due to, thanks to等。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 Having witnessed the whole process, he knew he _____ (owe) his friend a heartful apology. owed 5. Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.   她们站在远处眺望, 看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾, 感到非常震撼。 【句型公式】 现在分词作状语表示主动与进行。 (1) Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息, 他们都高兴地跳了起来。(时间状语) (2)Not knowing her address or phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址和电话号码, 我们无法与她取得联系。(原因状语) (3)Following Tom, we started to climb. 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。(方式状语/伴随状语) (4)The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了一整夜, 造成了巨大的损失。(结果状语) 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Nervously ______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. ②On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. ③______________(suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river.   facing listening Having suffered 附1： 1.话题词汇 【常用开头词汇】 　　表示“启”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头, 用于开篇引出扩展句。常见的词汇有: first/firstly, first of all, at first, in the first place, above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally speaking, according to等。 【常用顺承词汇】 　　表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。常见的词汇有: second/secondly, also, besides, in addition, soon afterwards, after that, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, what’s worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, for example, in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, meanwhile, at the same time等。 【常用转折词汇】 　　表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情况。常见的词汇有: but, yet, however, while, otherwise, or (else), on the contrary, on the other hand, contrary to, in any case, though, although, as, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。 【常用结尾词汇】 　　表示“合”的词汇常用于总结上文的内容, 引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。常见的词汇有: finally, last but not least, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general等。 2.话题句式 1. 吸引阅卷人开头句 (1)Thanks for your invitation to the Christmas party. 谢谢你邀请我参加圣诞晚会。 (2)How are you getting along with your study? 你近来学习进展怎样? (3)I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. 我非常高兴收到你两周前寄给我的信。 2. 吸引阅卷人篇中句 (1)I’m very glad to tell you something about. . . 我很高兴告诉你一些关于……的事情。 (2)As far as I know/am concerned/can see. . . 据我所知…… 3. 吸引阅卷人结尾句 (1)Please write to me soon and tell me about your. . . 请马上写信给我, 告诉我关于你的…… (2)I’m looking forward to your reply. 我盼望着你的回复。 构词规律 形容词+-ly → 副词 literal adj. 字面上的 → literally adv. 字面上地 obvious adj. 明显的 → _________ adv. 明显地 fluent adj. 流畅的 → _______ adv. 流利地 quiet adj. 清净的 → ______ adv. 平静地 actual adj. 实际的 → _______ adv. 实际上 obviously fluently quietly actually 附2： 构词规律 后缀-ward方位词一览 ①eastward adv. (=eastwards)向东 adj. 向东的; 朝东的 ②westward adv. (=westwards)向西 adj. 向西的; 朝西的 ③southward adv. (=southwards)向南 adj. 向南的; 朝南的 ④northward adv. (=northwards)向北 adj. 向北的; 朝北的 Thank you 37 $$