内容正文:
Unit 1 Teenage Life
话题
学校生活
词汇
teenager, ballet, volunteer, debate, content, movement, greenhouse, challenge, title, topic, freshmen, graduate, advance, literature, responsibility, solution, schedule, editor, plate, adventure, youth, survival, expert, behaviour, generation, focus, addict, adult,teenage, debate, prefer, challenge, confuse, graduate, recommend, advance, quit, schedule, expert, attract, focus, suitable, confusing, confused, fluent, advanced, extra-curricular, extra, responsible, addicted, actually, obviously,
短语
prefer…to do, clean up, suitable for, sign up, be responsible for, be attracted to, focus on, addicted to
句型
特殊疑问词+do you think+陈述句,How to do,
语法
名词短语,形容词短语和副词短语
写作
建议信
考点1. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自告奋勇
用法归纳
①volunteer sth. 自告奋勇做某事;自愿做某事
②volunteer (sth. ) sth. 自愿做
③volunteer sb. sth. (未经当事人同意)举荐某人做……
词汇拓展
①voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的
②voluntarily adv. 自愿地;志愿地
【经典练】
1.After dinner,I to do the dishes and clean the table. 晚饭后,我自告奋勇去洗碗和擦桌子。
2.He his services as a guide to show us around the Summer Palace. 他自愿服务充当导游,带我们参观颐和园。
3.To my surprise,they volunteered me the general manager of the company. 令我吃惊的是,他们举荐我当公司的总经理。
考点2. prefer vt. 较喜欢
I prefer helping others. 我更喜欢帮助别人。
用法归纳
1 prefer /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
2 prefer. . . . . . 喜欢……多于……
3 prefer doing A B 比起做B,更喜欢做A
4 prefer A rather than B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
⑤prefer sb. sth. 更希望某人做某事
特别提醒
①prefer的过去式和过去分词需要先双写r,再加-ed,即preferred、preferred。
②prefer表示“like. . . better”,其本身含有比较意义,故不与表示比较的more或better连用。
③prefer不用于进行时。
词汇拓展
① n. 喜爱;偏爱
have a preference for. . . 偏爱……
give (a) preference to优待
•Interestingly,most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan food.
有趣的是,大部分中国航天员喜欢吃川菜。
•Most companies give preference to interviewees with some experience.
大多数公司会优先录用有一些经验的面试者。
② adj. 更好的;更可取的
【经典练】
1.Do you prefer make friends online?你更喜欢在网上交朋友吗?
2.I prefer you wait for me at the bus stop. 我更希望你在公共汽车站等我。
3.I prefer smaller companies bigger ones. 比起大公司,我更喜欢小公司。
4.I prefer a bike to the subway to the park. 比起乘地铁去公园,我更喜欢骑自行车去。
5.The teenagers prefer talk to their friends rather than their parents their problems. 青少年宁愿和他们的朋友交谈也不愿告诉父母他们的问题。
考点3. suitable adj. 合适的;适用的
Which club do you think is suitable for Adam?你认为哪个俱乐部适合亚当?
用法归纳
①a suitable place/time/. . . sth. /for sth. 适合做某事的地点/时间/……
②be suitable . . . 适合……
③be suitable sth. 适合做某事
词汇拓展
① vt. (服装、款式、颜色等)适合(某人);合……心意;适宜,有利于 n. 套装;西服
•That color doesn't suit her. 那种颜色不适合她。
•The hot weather doesn't suit me. 天这么热,我真受不了。
② adj. 合适的;适宜的;般配的
be suited to/for sb. /sth. 适合某人或某物
•He is not really suited for a teaching career. 他不大适合做老师。
易混辨析
suit
指符合某人的需要、口味、性格、条件等,或服装、颜色、款式等适合
fit
强调尺寸或形状上的适合
match
1. 多指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调;
2. 指在能力、水平上“与……相匹敌”
【经典练】
1.The shoes don't me. Have you got a larger size?这双鞋我穿着不合适,你们有大点的吗?
2.The carpets the curtains very well. 地毯和窗帘很配。
3.We will find a place to have a picnic/for a picnic. 我们会找一个适合野餐的地方。
4.Because of water pollution,many fish are not suitable eating. 由于水污染,许多鱼不适合吃。
5.The pen is not suitable use in very cold weather. 这种钢笔不适合在非常寒冷的天气使用。
考点4. challenge n. 挑战;艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑;向……挑战
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中到高中真是一个巨大的挑战。
用法归纳
名① a challenge/challenges面对挑战
② /rise to a/the challenge迎接挑战
③accept/take up/take on a/the challenge接受挑战
动④challenge sb. sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb. sth. 激励某人做某事;强烈建议某人做某事
词汇拓展
① adj. 挑战性的
challenging work/careers具有挑战性的工作/职业
② n. 挑战者
【经典练】
1.Nervously facing ,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 当紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我会对自己小声说那两个简单的单词“做自己”。
2.It is known that pollution is a long-term problem and no single government can meet the alone.
众所周知,污染是一个长期问题,没有一个政府能够单独应对这个挑战。
3.Stay with positive people who you to be better. 和积极乐观的人在一起,他们激励你变得更好。
4.I became enough to challenge the good players to the table tennis. 我变得有足够的信心向优秀的乒乓球运动员挑战。
考点5. confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
The first week was a little confusing. 第一周过得有点晕头转向。
词汇拓展
① adj. 糊涂的;迷惑的;混乱的
be confused about. . . 对……感到迷惑
•Learning that you are confused about the Chinese traditions,I am writing to tell you some details.
得知你对中国的传统感到困惑,我写信告诉你一些细节。
② vt. 使糊涂;使迷惑;(将……)混淆
confuse A and/with B将A和B混淆
•The teachers often confuse her and/with her twin sister. 老师们常常把她和她的孪生妹妹搞错。
③ n. 不确定;困惑;混淆;困窘;混乱
in confusion困窘地
confusion about/over/as to. . . 关于……的困惑/不确定
•Jack looked at his friend in confusion,curious to know what was in the box.
杰克困窘地看着他的朋友,想知道箱子里有什么。
易混辨析
confused
1. 通常修饰人或人的表情、情绪,指人无法清晰地思考或无法理解发生的事情或某人说的话;
2. 指事物混乱、不清楚
confusing
指事物不清楚、令人困惑或难以理解
考点6. graduate vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生
I know that Chinese is a very difficult language,but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. 我知道汉语是一门非常难的语言,但我希望毕业时能说得很流利。
用法归纳
①graduate +学校 毕业于……学校
②graduate +专业 毕业于……专业
词汇拓展
n. (大学或美国高中的)毕业;毕业典礼
【经典练】
1.Lisa graduated our school last June and is about to go to college in New York. 莉萨去年六月从我们学校毕业了,即将去纽约上大学。
2.My sister will graduate in law Peking University next year. 我妹妹明年将从北京大学法律系毕业。
考点7. recommend vt. 建议;推荐;介绍
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. 因为我喜欢且擅长英语,所以我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
用法归纳
①recommend sb. sth. 建议某人做某事
②recommend sth. 建议做某事
③recommend sth. sb. 向某人推荐某物
④recommend that. . . [that从句的谓语用“ ”]建议……
⑤It’s recommended that. . . [that从句的谓语用“ ”]据建议……
⑥recommend sb. /for. . . 推荐某人当……/担任……职位
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词汇拓展
n. 正式建议;推荐;介绍;推荐信
make a/one recommendation (to sb. for/on/about sth. ) (关于某事向某人)提议
on one's recommendation在某人的建议/推荐下
【经典练】
1.If I had to make just one for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel. 如果我只能提一个关于在罗马住在哪里的建议,那个地方会是 Yellow Hostel。
2.On your ,I signed up for many extra-curricular activities. 在你的建议下,我报名参加了很多课外活动。
3.I recommend you read some classics and exchange ideas with me. 我建议你读一些名著并和我交流思想。
4.Experts recommend at least three times a week,but only 28% of students manage that. 专家建议每周至少锻炼三次,但只有28%的学生做到了。
5.Our English teacher strongly China Daily to us. 我们的英语老师向我们强烈推荐《中国日报》。
6.I am writing to Tom,a student who is fluent in English,as a volunteer. 我写信推荐汤姆当志愿者,他是一名英语说得很流利的学生。
7.Nutrition experts recommend adults (should) have 200-350 grams of fresh fruit a day. 营养专家建议成年人每天吃200—350克新鲜水果。
8.It's strongly recommended that you this to the teacher. 强烈建议你把此事报告给老师。
考点8. advanced adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.
因为我喜欢且擅长英语,所以我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
词汇拓展
n. 前进;发展 vi. 前进;发展 vt. 发展;促进
(时间上)在……前;预先;事先;超前
在……方面取得进步/进展
朝……前进
【经典练】
1.To deal with the Spring Festival travel rush,the government has already made plans . 为了应对春运,政府已经预先制订了计划。
2.Galileo's ideas were well the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。
3.We have made great in the treatment of cancer. 我们在治疗癌症方面取得了巨大的进步。
考点9. quit vi. & vt. (quit,quit)停止;戒掉;离开(工作职位、学校等)
Obviously,I was unhappy,but I won't quit. 显然,我不开心,但我不会放弃。
用法归纳
①quit sth. 停止做某事
②quit as. . . 辞去……的职务
③quit one's job
④quit school 辍学
【经典练】
1.Alcoholics who want to quit can avoid booze,but how do we give up our phones?
想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免饮酒,但我们怎么才能放弃手机呢?
2.Susan had her well-paid job and had worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
我去年去看望苏珊时,她辞去了她那份高薪的工作,在附近做了一名志愿者。
考点10. responsible adj. 负责的;有责任的
I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. 我知道作为一名高中生,我得更加努力地学习,并习惯承担更多的责任。
用法归纳
①be responsible for( doing )sth. 负责(做)某事
②be responsible . . . 对……(事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任
③be responsible . . . 对……(上级或领导者)负责
词汇拓展
n. 责任;义务
have responsibility[for(doing). . . ]有[(做)……的]责任
take responsibility[for(doing). . . ]承担[(做)……的]责任
It's one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。
shoulder/take on responsibility肩负/承担责任
a sense of responsibility责任感
【经典练】
1.We are supposed to take for our own behaviour and try our best to protect the environment. 我们应该对自己的行为负责,尽我们的最大努力去保护环境。
2. It's our to spread traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. 向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。
3.Who is for the terrible situation?是谁造成的这种糟糕的局面?
4.The students' union was for organizing the whole activity. 学生会负责组织整个活动。
5.The general manager should be to the board. 总经理应该对董事会负责。
考点11. schedule n. 工作计划;日程安排 vt. 安排;预定
. . . so I need to make a workable schedule. ……所以我需要制订一个可行的日程安排。
用法归纳
名① schedule按预定时间
② schedule早于预定时间
③behind schedule晚于预定时间
动④ scheduled按照预定时间
⑤be scheduled +某个时间点或时间段 预定/安排在……(时间)
⑥be scheduled sth. 被安排做某事;预计做某事
【经典练】
1.We will spare more time for the experiment to complete it on or ahead of schedule. 我们将抽出更多的时间用在实验上,以便按时或提前完成。
2.We will show you around our new school as . 我们将按照预定时间带你参观我们的新学校。
3.The following events are scheduled the 2023-2024 academic year. 以下活动安排在 2023—2024学年。
4.China's next-generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System to be established by 2035.
中国的下一代北斗卫星导航系统预计在2035年前建成。
考点12. attract vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代青少年来说,被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。
用法归纳
① 引起某人的注意
②attract sb. sb. /sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的好感;使某人喜爱某人/某物
③be attracted . . . 被……吸引
词汇拓展
① n. [U]吸引;吸引力;诱惑力;[C]向往的地方;有吸引力的事
tourist attraction旅游景点
② adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的
be attractive to. . . 对……有吸引力
•Douyin,a short video app,is attractive to young people. 抖音是一款短视频应用软件,它对年轻人有吸引力。
③ adv. 诱人地;有吸引力地
【经典练】
1.The beautiful scenery of the farm our attention. 那个农场优美的景色吸引了我们的注意力。
2.You will be deeply to Beijing opera even if you know nothing about it. 即使你对京剧一无所知,你也会深深地被它吸引。
3.What first me to my English teacher was her sense of humour. 我的英语老师首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。
4.We were deeply by his sense of responsibility. 我们被他的责任感深深地吸引了。
考点13. focus vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等);(使)调节焦距 n. 中心;重点;焦点
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但是花太多的时间上网是不健康的,而且让人很难把精力集中在生活中的其他事情上。
用法归纳
动①focus /upon集中;特别关注
②focus one's eyes/attention/mind/efforts . . . 集中目光/注意力/心思/努力于……
名③bring. . . focus使……成为焦点
④ into focus成为焦点
⑤the focus of attention/interest注意力/兴趣的焦点
词汇拓展
表示“集中注意力于……”的常用表达还有:concentrate(. . . ) on. . . ;fix one's attention on. . .
【经典练】
1.He felt very nervous and anxious because many people their eyes him. 他感到非常紧张和焦虑,因为许多人的目光都集中在他身上。
2.If you're able to the single task,you can get the desired results faster. 如果你能专注于单一的任务,你就能更快地得到想要的结果。
3.The accident brought the safety problem on campus into . 这次事故使校园安全问题成为焦点。
4.There's a new field in 3D printing that's beginning to come into :food. 3D打印有一个新的领域开始成为焦点:食品。
考点14. addicted adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的
Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.
一些学生甚至沉迷于网络,无法集中精力在学校和家庭生活上。
用法归纳
be/become addicted (doing)sth. 对(做)某事上瘾;沉迷于(做)某事
词汇拓展
① n. 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人
② n. 入迷;嗜好;瘾
(an/one's)addiction to. . . (一种/某人)对……的嗜好/瘾
•You should fight your addiction to alcohol. 你应该努力戒酒。
③ adj. 使人上瘾的
【经典练】
1.The boy is seriously to video games and he finds them very addictive,thus turning into a video game addict. 这个男孩严重沉迷于电子游戏,他发现电子游戏让人非常上瘾,因此变成了电子游戏迷。
2.More and more teenagers are becoming to computer games. 越来越多的青少年正变得沉迷于电脑游戏。
考点15:so that为了,以便
I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会找到一个自我提高的方法,以便我明年可以加入球队。
用法归纳
①so that引导 从句,意为“为了,以便”,从句中常含有can、could、may、
might、will、would等情态动词。
②so that可与in order that、 、so as to do等形式进行转换。
结构拓展
so that引导结果状语从句,译为“因此,所以”,从句中一般不用情态动词,从句前通常有逗号与主句隔开。此外so 和that还可以分开,so后多接形容词或者副词,译为“如此……以至于……”。
•Stephen was excellent in many ways,so that he got the job. 斯蒂芬各方面都很优秀,因此他得到了这份工作。
•He was so anxious that he paced up and down in the room. 他焦急万分,在房间里来回踱步。
特别提醒
区分so that引导的是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句主要从句子表达的意思入手,根据语境分析从句表达的是某人的目的还是既定的结果。从句中含有情态动词或主句与从句之间有逗号并不能作为区分这两种从句的“黄金法则”。
【经典练】
She asked for the woman's name and address so that she could repay her.
=She asked for the woman's name and address in she could repay her.
=She asked for the woman's name and address in as to repay her.
她询问那位女士的名字和住址,以便能还她钱。
考点16:It be+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……的。
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代青少年来说,被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。
用法归纳
该句型中 it 作形式主语,动词不定式(短语)作真正的主语,动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语由 for 引出。该句型中的形容词通常表示动词不定式(短语)的性质,如convenient、 difficult 、 important 、necessary、common、hard、easy、dangerous等。
结构拓展
如果动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语由of引出,则该句型中的形容词通常描述人的品质或特征,如clever、wise、kind、foolish等。
•It's very kind of you to give me a hand. 你真是太好了,帮了我一把。
•It's wise of you to come up with such a wonderful idea. 你能想出这么好的主意真是聪明。
【经典练】
1. people to go to Shanghai Museum on foot. 人们步行去上海博物馆更加方便。
2. humans to live on Mars because of the cold weather. 由于火星上天气寒冷,人类很难在上面生存。
3.As a foreign learner, you to understand the true meaning of Chinese culture. 作为一个外国学习者,你理解中国文化的真正含义很重要。
1. 语法精讲
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
以一个名词、形容词或副词为中心,加上其自带的修饰语所形成的一个词组分别叫做名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。比如,the English book on the desk书桌上的英语书,中心词book是名词,该短语就是名词短语,功能相当于单个名词,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。再如,five meters long 5米长的,中心词long是形容词,该短语就是形容词短语,功能相当于单个形容词,可在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)
名词短语指以一个名词为中心的短语,即带上了定语的名词。
The English teacher in red will go abroad next year. 这位穿红色衣服的英语老师明年将出国。(含冠词、形容词及介词短语)
I want to join some interesting clubs. 我想加入一些有趣的社团。(含限定词、形容词)
It's amusing to watch a sleeping baby. 观察一个睡着的婴儿很有意思。(含冠词、现在分词)
Pass me the coffee cup,please. 请把那个咖啡杯递给我。(含冠词、名词)
The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. 这个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。(含冠词、形容词及现在分词短语)
The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. 这个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。(含冠词、形容词及定语从句)
The fact that he was very poor surprised us. 他很穷这个事实让我们很吃惊。(含冠词、同位语从句)
Do you know the reason for his absence?你知道他缺席的原因吗?(含冠词、介词短语)
用法归纳
(1)组成:前置定语[限定词(冠词、代词等)、形容词、名词、单个的动名词/现在分词/过去分词]+中心名词+后置定语(介词短语、形容词短语、非谓语动词短语、定语从句、同位语从句)
有些名词后的介词是固定的,需要特别去记,如the reason for. . . 、a ban on. . . 、a reply to. . . 、access to. . . 等。
(2)功能:名词短语在句中通常作① 、② 、表语或宾语补足语等。
(3)名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系规律:单个词作定语通常前置;短语和从句作定语通常需要③ 。
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)
形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心、带着它的修饰语的短语,整体可以当作一个形容词来理解和使用。
She is a very successful writer. 她是一位非常成功的作家。(含程度副词)
He was best known for his novels. 他以其小说最为知名。(含程度副词和介词短语)
They had to cross a river about 100 meters wide. 他们不得不渡过一条大约100 米宽的河。(含副词、数词、名词)
What he said is hard to understand. 他说的话挺难懂。(含不定式)
The book is really worth reading. 这本书真的值得读。(含动名词)
You can go to school when you're old enough. 你够年龄了就可以上学了。(含程度副词enough)
We should work hard to make our country rich and strong. 我们应该努力工作使我们的国家富强。(含并列连词)
The boy is neither stupid nor lazy. 这个男孩既不笨也不懒。(含并列连词)
用法归纳
(1)组成:程度副词+形容词;形容词+介词短语;数词+名词+形容词;形容词+enough;形容词+并列连词+形容词;形容词+不定式/动名词。
(2)功能:形容词短语在句中通常修饰名词或代词,在句中作④ 、⑤ 或宾语补足语等。
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)
副词短语指以一个副词为中心的短语。
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得太快我追不上他。(含程度副词)
He would go over his work again and again. 他会反复检查他的工作。(含并列连词)
Strangely enough,she didn't get married. 非常奇怪的是,她没结婚。(含程度副词enough)
用法归纳
(1)组成:程度副词+副词;副词+enough;副词+并列连词+副词。
(2)功能:副词短语在句中作状语,通常修饰⑥ 动词 或整个句子。
即时巩固
写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1. The most outgoing boy in our class is Jack. (属于 ;在句中作 )
2. She asks some questions very curiously. (属于 ;在句中作 )
3. She was so anxious and frightened that she couldn’t fall asleep. (属于 ;在句中作 )
4. I'm looking forward to a trip to Europe. (属于 ;在句中作 )
5. Working out makes you energetic and healthy. (属于 ;在句中作 )
6. Surprisingly enough,he disliked our writing style. (属于 ;在句中作 )
7. It's the best lecture that I have ever attended this week. (属于 ;在句中作 )
8. The designer is faced with a challenging but rewarding task. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 )
二.写作精讲
建议信
写作题目
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack刚刚升入高中,他一时无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你征求建议。请你就此问题给他回一封信,主要内容包括:
1.实际上很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑,因此不必过于担心;
2.建议:(1)报名参加课外活动,结交新朋友;(2)做好日程安排,关注学习。
3.希望建议能适合他。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
思路点拨
主题
就如何适应高中
生活给朋友建议
体裁
应用文
布局
第一段:表示理解,表明写信目的;
第二段:根据提示给出建议;
第三段:表达希望。
人称
以第一、二人称为主
时态
以一般现在时为主
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. adv.事实上
2. n.(大学或高中)一年级新生
3. v.建议
4. n.日程安排
5. n.青少年
6. n.责任;义务
7. 对……感到困惑
8. 课外活动
9. 集中;特别关注
10. 对……适合的
11. 报名(参加课程)
12. 跟上;赶上
13. 提前
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:表示理解,表明写信目的
(1)事实上,很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑。
, high school life.
第二段:根据提示给出建议
(2)我建议你报名参加课外活动,它们能帮助你结交更多的新朋友。
I that you and they can help you make more new friends.
(3)你应该做好日程安排,并且把注意力集中在你的学业上。
You should and
your studies.
(4)你能赶上班里的其他同学。
You can other classmates in the class.
(5)你最好提前为新课做准备。
You'd better prepare for the new lessons .
(6)作为一名青少年,努力学习是我们的责任。
, studying hard is our responsibility.
第三段:表达希望
(7)我希望我的建议能适合你。
I hope my suggestions will .
答案 (1)Actually;many freshmen are confused about (2)recommend;sign up for extra⁃curricular activities (3)make a good schedule;focus on
(4)keep up with (5)in advance (6)As a teenager (7)be suitable for you
2.句式升级
(8)将句(2)升级为含有定语从句的句子
(9)用so that合并句(3)和句(4)
连句成篇
写作积累
建议信常用句式
1.写信背景(写信的缘由)
I'm sorry/glad to hear that...
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
You said in your last letter that...
I'm sorry that you are having trouble/difficulty/problems...
I have received your letter saying that...
2.写信目的
I am writing to express my views about/on...
I am writing to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.
I'm writing to you to present what I think on...
3.具体建议
There are several simple suggestions for you. To begin with,...Moreover/What's more,...Finally,...
Why not do...?/Why don't you do...?/What about doing...?/How about doing...?
I advise/suggest/recommend that you (should) do...
I strongly advise/recommend you to do...
I'd like to suggest/advise that...
If I were you, I would...
4.结尾
I hope you will find these ideas useful/helpful.
I hope my advice is of some help to you.
I hope these suggestions will be of use to you.
I hope that you can take my suggestions.
【经典练】
假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处时遇到了一些问题。请你根据以下提示给她回一封邮件:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
exchange n.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换
【搭配】 (1)in exchange for交换
我们的英语老师正在校园里与交换生谈话。
(2)exchange sth for sth 用……来交换……
exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
lecture n.讲座;讲课;教训vi.(开)讲座;讲课vt.训斥
(2)exchange sth for sth 用……来交换……
exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
registration n.登记;注册;挂号
【联想】 register vt.&vi.登记;注册
nationality n.国籍;民族
【联想】 nation n.国家;民族;国民
national adj.国家的,民族的
design n.设计;设计方案vt.设计;筹划
【搭配】 (1)be designed for sb/sth 为……所设计
be designed to do sth 被设计用于做……
(2)by design=on purpose 有意地,故意地
【联想】 designer n.设计者
formal adj.正式的;正规的
【联想】 informal adj.非正式的
anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的
【搭配】 be anxious about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
【联想】 anxiety n. 担心;焦虑;渴望
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的
【搭配】 be/get annoyed at/with sb对某人生气
be/get annoyed by/about sth 因某事而生气
【联想】 annoy vt. 使恼怒;打扰
annoying adj. 令人恼怒的;令人烦恼的
frightened adj.惊吓的;害怕的
be frightened to do...不敢做……
【联想】 frighten vt. 使吃惊;惊吓
fright n. 恐惧;害怕
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的;可怕的
outgoing adj.爱交际的;外向的
【联想】outworn adj. 用旧的;筋疲力尽的
outstanding adj. 杰出的,优秀的
impression n.印象;感想
【搭配】 make an impression留下好印象
【联想】 impress vt. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象vi. 留下印象;引人注目
what if要是……会怎么样呢?
What if this problem has to be solved in the next half hour?在接下来的半小时里,要是这个问题必须解决会怎样呢?
concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力);聚精会神
【搭配】 concentrate on 集中精力于
explore vt.&vi.探索;勘探
【联想】 exploration n.探测;勘探
confident adj.自信的;有把握的
【搭配】 (1)be confident about... 对……有自信
(2)have confidence in... 对……有自信
【联想】 confidence n. 信心;信任
forward adv.向前;前进adj.向前的;前进的
【搭配】 look forward to 盼望;期待
organise vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建vi.组建;成立
【联想】 organisation n.组织;团体;机构
improve vi.&vt.改进;改善
【联想】 improvement n.改进;改善;提高
curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的
【搭配】 be curious about sth对某事感到好奇
be curious to do sth 极想做某事
【联想】 curiosity n. 好奇心
curiously adv. 好奇地
company n.公司;商行;陪伴
搭配】 in company with 陪伴
keep company with 交往;陪伴
personality n.性格;个性
【联想】 (1)person n. 人
(2)personal adj. 个人的;私人的
(3)personally adv. 亲自地;就个人而言
1.Goals determine what you are going to be.
——Julius Erving
目标决定你将成为什么样的人。
——朱利叶斯·欧文
2.Learn young,learn fair.学习趁年少,既学就学好。
3.Youth should be energetic,be aggressive.
——Lu Xun
青年应当有朝气,敢作为。
——鲁迅
4.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
5.It's never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志,恢宏的想象,炙热的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
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Unit 1 Teenage Life
话题
学校生活
词汇
teenager, ballet, volunteer, debate, content, movement, greenhouse, challenge, title, topic, freshmen, graduate, advance, literature, responsibility, solution, schedule, editor, plate, adventure, youth, survival, expert, behaviour, generation, focus, addict, adult,teenage, debate, prefer, challenge, confuse, graduate, recommend, advance, quit, schedule, expert, attract, focus, suitable, confusing, confused, fluent, advanced, extra-curricular, extra, responsible, addicted, actually, obviously,
短语
prefer…to do, clean up, suitable for, sign up, be responsible for, be attracted to, focus on, addicted to
句型
特殊疑问词+do you think+陈述句,How to do,
语法
名词短语,形容词短语和副词短语
写作
建议信
考点1. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自告奋勇
用法归纳
①volunteer to do sth. 自告奋勇做某事;自愿做某事
②volunteer (sth. ) for/ as sth. 自愿做
③volunteer sb. for/as sth. (未经当事人同意)举荐某人做……
词汇拓展
①voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的
②voluntarily adv. 自愿地;志愿地
【经典练】
1.After dinner,I volunteered to do the dishes and clean the table. 晚饭后,我自告奋勇去洗碗和擦桌子。
2.He volunteered his services as a guide to show us around the Summer Palace. 他自愿服务充当导游,带我们参观颐和园。
3.To my surprise,they volunteered me for/as the general manager of the company. 令我吃惊的是,他们举荐我当公司的总经理。
考点2. prefer vt. 较喜欢
I prefer helping others. 我更喜欢帮助别人。
用法归纳
1 prefer to do /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
2 prefer. . . to . . . 喜欢……多于……
3 prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B,更喜欢做A
4 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
⑤prefer sb. to do sth. 更希望某人做某事
特别提醒
①prefer的过去式和过去分词需要先双写r,再加-ed,即preferred、preferred。
②prefer表示“like. . . better”,其本身含有比较意义,故不与表示比较的more或better连用。
③prefer不用于进行时。
词汇拓展
①preference n. 喜爱;偏爱
have a preference for. . . 偏爱……
give (a) preference to优待
•Interestingly,most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan food.
有趣的是,大部分中国航天员喜欢吃川菜。
•Most companies give preference to interviewees with some experience.
大多数公司会优先录用有一些经验的面试者。
②preferable adj. 更好的;更可取的
【经典练】
1.Do you prefer to make friends online?你更喜欢在网上交朋友吗?
2.I prefer you to wait for me at the bus stop. 我更希望你在公共汽车站等我。
3.I prefer smaller companies to bigger ones. 比起大公司,我更喜欢小公司。
4.I prefer riding a bike to taking the subway to the park. 比起乘地铁去公园,我更喜欢骑自行车去。
5.The teenagers prefer to talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems. 青少年宁愿和他们的朋友交谈也不愿告诉父母他们的问题。
考点3. suitable adj. 合适的;适用的
Which club do you think is suitable for Adam?你认为哪个俱乐部适合亚当?
用法归纳
①a suitable place/time/. . . to do sth. /for sth. 适合做某事的地点/时间/……
②be suitable for . . . 适合……
③be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
词汇拓展
①suit vt. (服装、款式、颜色等)适合(某人);合……心意;适宜,有利于 n. 套装;西服
•That color doesn't suit her. 那种颜色不适合她。
•The hot weather doesn't suit me. 天这么热,我真受不了。
②suited adj. 合适的;适宜的;般配的
be suited to/for sb. /sth. 适合某人或某物
•He is not really suited for a teaching career. 他不大适合做老师。
易混辨析
suit
指符合某人的需要、口味、性格、条件等,或服装、颜色、款式等适合
fit
强调尺寸或形状上的适合
match
1. 多指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调;
2. 指在能力、水平上“与……相匹敌”
【经典练】
1.The shoes don't fit me. Have you got a larger size?这双鞋我穿着不合适,你们有大点的吗?
2.The carpets match the curtains very well. 地毯和窗帘很配。
3.We will find a suitable place to have a picnic/for a picnic. 我们会找一个适合野餐的地方。
4.Because of water pollution,many fish are not suitable for eating. 由于水污染,许多鱼不适合吃。
5.The pen is not suitable to use in very cold weather. 这种钢笔不适合在非常寒冷的天气使用。
考点4. challenge n. 挑战;艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑;向……挑战
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中到高中真是一个巨大的挑战。
用法归纳
名① face a challenge/challenges面对挑战
② meet /rise to a/the challenge迎接挑战
③accept/take up/take on a/the challenge接受挑战
动④challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事;强烈建议某人做某事
词汇拓展
①challenging adj. 挑战性的
challenging work/careers具有挑战性的工作/职业
②challenger n. 挑战者
【经典练】
1.Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 当紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我会对自己小声说那两个简单的单词“做自己”。
2.It is known that pollution is a long-term problem and no single government can meet the challenge alone.
众所周知,污染是一个长期问题,没有一个政府能够单独应对这个挑战。
3.Stay with positive people who challenge you to be better. 和积极乐观的人在一起,他们激励你变得更好。
4.I became confident enough to challenge the good players to the table tennis. 我变得有足够的信心向优秀的乒乓球运动员挑战。
考点5. confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
The first week was a little confusing. 第一周过得有点晕头转向。
词汇拓展
①confused adj. 糊涂的;迷惑的;混乱的
be confused about. . . 对……感到迷惑
•Learning that you are confused about the Chinese traditions,I am writing to tell you some details.
得知你对中国的传统感到困惑,我写信告诉你一些细节。
②confuse vt. 使糊涂;使迷惑;(将……)混淆
confuse A and/with B将A和B混淆
•The teachers often confuse her and/with her twin sister. 老师们常常把她和她的孪生妹妹搞错。
③confusion n. 不确定;困惑;混淆;困窘;混乱
in confusion困窘地
confusion about/over/as to. . . 关于……的困惑/不确定
•Jack looked at his friend in confusion,curious to know what was in the box.
杰克困窘地看着他的朋友,想知道箱子里有什么。
易混辨析
confused
1. 通常修饰人或人的表情、情绪,指人无法清晰地思考或无法理解发生的事情或某人说的话;
2. 指事物混乱、不清楚
confusing
指事物不清楚、令人困惑或难以理解
考点6. graduate vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生
I know that Chinese is a very difficult language,but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. 我知道汉语是一门非常难的语言,但我希望毕业时能说得很流利。
用法归纳
①graduate from +学校 毕业于……学校
②graduate in +专业 毕业于……专业
词汇拓展
graduation n. (大学或美国高中的)毕业;毕业典礼
【经典练】
1.Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York. 莉萨去年六月从我们学校毕业了,即将去纽约上大学。
2.My sister will graduate in law from Peking University next year. 我妹妹明年将从北京大学法律系毕业。
考点7. recommend vt. 建议;推荐;介绍
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. 因为我喜欢且擅长英语,所以我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
用法归纳
①recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
②recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
③recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
④recommend that. . . [that从句的谓语用“ (should+)动词原形 ”]建议……
⑤It’s recommended that. . . [that从句的谓语用“ (should+)动词原形 ”]据建议……
⑥recommend sb. as /for. . . 推荐某人当……/担任……职位
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词汇拓展
recommendation n. 正式建议;推荐;介绍;推荐信
make a/one recommendation (to sb. for/on/about sth. ) (关于某事向某人)提议
on one's recommendation在某人的建议/推荐下
【经典练】
1.If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel. 如果我只能提一个关于在罗马住在哪里的建议,那个地方会是 Yellow Hostel。
2.On your recommendation,I signed up for many extra-curricular activities. 在你的建议下,我报名参加了很多课外活动。
3.I recommend you to read some classics and exchange ideas with me. 我建议你读一些名著并和我交流思想。
4.Experts recommend exercising at least three times a week,but only 28% of students manage that. 专家建议每周至少锻炼三次,但只有28%的学生做到了。
5.Our English teacher strongly recommended China Daily to us. 我们的英语老师向我们强烈推荐《中国日报》。
6.I am writing to recommend Tom,a student who is fluent in English,as a volunteer. 我写信推荐汤姆当志愿者,他是一名英语说得很流利的学生。
7.Nutrition experts recommend that adults (should) have 200-350 grams of fresh fruit a day. 营养专家建议成年人每天吃200—350克新鲜水果。
8.It's strongly recommended that you (should) report this to the teacher. 强烈建议你把此事报告给老师。
考点8. advanced adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.
因为我喜欢且擅长英语,所以我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
词汇拓展
advance n. 前进;发展 vi. 前进;发展 vt. 发展;促进
in advance (of sth. )(时间上)在……前;预先;事先;超前
make an advance/advances in. . . 在……方面取得进步/进展
advance towards/on. . . 朝……前进
【经典练】
1.To deal with the Spring Festival travel rush,the government has already made plans in advance. 为了应对春运,政府已经预先制订了计划。
2.Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。
3.We have made great advances in the treatment of cancer. 我们在治疗癌症方面取得了巨大的进步。
考点9. quit vi. & vt. (quit,quit)停止;戒掉;离开(工作职位、学校等)
Obviously,I was unhappy,but I won't quit. 显然,我不开心,但我不会放弃。
用法归纳
①quit doing sth. 停止做某事
②quit as. . . 辞去……的职务
③quit one's job 辞职
④quit school 辍学
【经典练】
1.Alcoholics who want to quit drinking can avoid booze,but how do we give up our phones?
想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免饮酒,但我们怎么才能放弃手机呢?
2.Susan had quit her well-paid job and had worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
我去年去看望苏珊时,她辞去了她那份高薪的工作,在附近做了一名志愿者。
考点10. responsible adj. 负责的;有责任的
I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. 我知道作为一名高中生,我得更加努力地学习,并习惯承担更多的责任。
用法归纳
①be responsible for( doing )sth. 负责(做)某事
②be responsible for . . . 对……(事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任
③be responsible to . . . 对……(上级或领导者)负责
词汇拓展
responsibility n. 责任;义务
have responsibility[for(doing). . . ]有[(做)……的]责任
take responsibility[for(doing). . . ]承担[(做)……的]责任
It's one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。
shoulder/take on responsibility肩负/承担责任
a sense of responsibility责任感
【经典练】
1.We are supposed to take responsibility for our own behaviour and try our best to protect the environment. 我们应该对自己的行为负责,尽我们的最大努力去保护环境。
2. It's our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. 向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。
3.Who is responsible for the terrible situation?是谁造成的这种糟糕的局面?
4.The students' union was responsible for organizing the whole activity. 学生会负责组织整个活动。
5.The general manager should be responsible to the board. 总经理应该对董事会负责。
考点11. schedule n. 工作计划;日程安排 vt. 安排;预定
. . . so I need to make a workable schedule. ……所以我需要制订一个可行的日程安排。
用法归纳
名① on schedule按预定时间
② ahead of schedule早于预定时间
③behind schedule晚于预定时间
动④ as scheduled按照预定时间
⑤be scheduled for +某个时间点或时间段 预定/安排在……(时间)
⑥be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事;预计做某事
【经典练】
1.We will spare more time for the experiment to complete it on schedule or ahead of schedule. 我们将抽出更多的时间用在实验上,以便按时或提前完成。
2.We will show you around our new school as scheduled. 我们将按照预定时间带你参观我们的新学校。
3.The following events are scheduled for the 2023-2024 academic year. 以下活动安排在 2023—2024学年。
4.China's next-generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is scheduled to be established by 2035.
中国的下一代北斗卫星导航系统预计在2035年前建成。
考点12. attract vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代青少年来说,被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。
用法归纳
① attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
②attract sb. to sb. /sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的好感;使某人喜爱某人/某物
③be attracted by/to . . . 被……吸引
词汇拓展
①attraction n. [U]吸引;吸引力;诱惑力;[C]向往的地方;有吸引力的事
tourist attraction旅游景点
②attractive adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的
be attractive to. . . 对……有吸引力
•Douyin,a short video app,is attractive to young people. 抖音是一款短视频应用软件,它对年轻人有吸引力。
③attractively adv. 诱人地;有吸引力地
【经典练】
1.The beautiful scenery of the farm attracted our attention. 那个农场优美的景色吸引了我们的注意力。
2.You will be deeply attracted to Beijing opera even if you know nothing about it. 即使你对京剧一无所知,你也会深深地被它吸引。
3.What first attracted me to my English teacher was her sense of humour. 我的英语老师首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。
4.We were deeply attracted by his sense of responsibility. 我们被他的责任感深深地吸引了。
考点13. focus vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等);(使)调节焦距 n. 中心;重点;焦点
But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但是花太多的时间上网是不健康的,而且让人很难把精力集中在生活中的其他事情上。
用法归纳
动①focus on /upon集中;特别关注
②focus one's eyes/attention/mind/efforts on . . . 集中目光/注意力/心思/努力于……
名③bring. . . into focus使……成为焦点
④ come into focus成为焦点
⑤the focus of attention/interest注意力/兴趣的焦点
词汇拓展
表示“集中注意力于……”的常用表达还有:concentrate(. . . ) on. . . ;fix one's attention on. . .
【经典练】
1.He felt very nervous and anxious because many people focused their eyes on him. 他感到非常紧张和焦虑,因为许多人的目光都集中在他身上。
2.If you're able to focus on the single task,you can get the desired results faster. 如果你能专注于单一的任务,你就能更快地得到想要的结果。
3.The accident brought the safety problem on campus into focus. 这次事故使校园安全问题成为焦点。
4.There's a new field in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus:food. 3D打印有一个新的领域开始成为焦点:食品。
考点14. addicted adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的
Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.
一些学生甚至沉迷于网络,无法集中精力在学校和家庭生活上。
用法归纳
be/become addicted to (doing)sth. 对(做)某事上瘾;沉迷于(做)某事
词汇拓展
①addict n. 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人
②addiction n. 入迷;嗜好;瘾
(an/one's)addiction to. . . (一种/某人)对……的嗜好/瘾
•You should fight your addiction to alcohol. 你应该努力戒酒。
③addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
【经典练】
1.The boy is seriously addicted to video games and he finds them very addictive,thus turning into a video game addict. 这个男孩严重沉迷于电子游戏,他发现电子游戏让人非常上瘾,因此变成了电子游戏迷。
2.More and more teenagers are becoming addicted to computer games. 越来越多的青少年正变得沉迷于电脑游戏。
考点15:so that为了,以便
I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会找到一个自我提高的方法,以便我明年可以加入球队。
用法归纳
①so that引导 目的状语 从句,意为“为了,以便”,从句中常含有can、could、may、
might、will、would等情态动词。
②so that可与in order that、 in order to do 、so as to do等形式进行转换。
结构拓展
so that引导结果状语从句,译为“因此,所以”,从句中一般不用情态动词,从句前通常有逗号与主句隔开。此外so 和that还可以分开,so后多接形容词或者副词,译为“如此……以至于……”。
•Stephen was excellent in many ways,so that he got the job. 斯蒂芬各方面都很优秀,因此他得到了这份工作。
•He was so anxious that he paced up and down in the room. 他焦急万分,在房间里来回踱步。
特别提醒
区分so that引导的是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句主要从句子表达的意思入手,根据语境分析从句表达的是某人的目的还是既定的结果。从句中含有情态动词或主句与从句之间有逗号并不能作为区分这两种从句的“黄金法则”。
【经典练】
She asked for the woman's name and address so that she could repay her.
=She asked for the woman's name and address in order that she could repay her.
=She asked for the woman's name and address in order to/so as to repay her.
她询问那位女士的名字和住址,以便能还她钱。
考点16:It be+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……的。
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代青少年来说,被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。
用法归纳
该句型中 it 作形式主语,动词不定式(短语)作真正的主语,动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语由 for 引出。该句型中的形容词通常表示动词不定式(短语)的性质,如convenient、 difficult 、 important 、necessary、common、hard、easy、dangerous等。
结构拓展
如果动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语由of引出,则该句型中的形容词通常描述人的品质或特征,如clever、wise、kind、foolish等。
•It's very kind of you to give me a hand. 你真是太好了,帮了我一把。
•It's wise of you to come up with such a wonderful idea. 你能想出这么好的主意真是聪明。
【经典练】
1.It is more convenient for people to go to Shanghai Museum on foot. 人们步行去上海博物馆更加方便。
2.It is very difficult for humans to live on Mars because of the cold weather. 由于火星上天气寒冷,人类很难在上面生存。
3.As a foreign learner,it is important for you to understand the true meaning of Chinese culture. 作为一个外国学习者,你理解中国文化的真正含义很重要。
1. 语法精讲
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
以一个名词、形容词或副词为中心,加上其自带的修饰语所形成的一个词组分别叫做名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。比如,the English book on the desk书桌上的英语书,中心词book是名词,该短语就是名词短语,功能相当于单个名词,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。再如,five meters long 5米长的,中心词long是形容词,该短语就是形容词短语,功能相当于单个形容词,可在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)
名词短语指以一个名词为中心的短语,即带上了定语的名词。
The English teacher in red will go abroad next year. 这位穿红色衣服的英语老师明年将出国。(含冠词、形容词及介词短语)
I want to join some interesting clubs. 我想加入一些有趣的社团。(含限定词、形容词)
It's amusing to watch a sleeping baby. 观察一个睡着的婴儿很有意思。(含冠词、现在分词)
Pass me the coffee cup,please. 请把那个咖啡杯递给我。(含冠词、名词)
The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother. 这个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。(含冠词、形容词及现在分词短语)
The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. 这个穿蓝色牛仔裤的可爱男孩是我的弟弟。(含冠词、形容词及定语从句)
The fact that he was very poor surprised us. 他很穷这个事实让我们很吃惊。(含冠词、同位语从句)
Do you know the reason for his absence?你知道他缺席的原因吗?(含冠词、介词短语)
用法归纳
(1)组成:前置定语[限定词(冠词、代词等)、形容词、名词、单个的动名词/现在分词/过去分词]+中心名词+后置定语(介词短语、形容词短语、非谓语动词短语、定语从句、同位语从句)
有些名词后的介词是固定的,需要特别去记,如the reason for. . . 、a ban on. . . 、a reply to. . . 、access to. . . 等。
(2)功能:名词短语在句中通常作① 主语 、② 宾语 、表语或宾语补足语等。
(3)名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系规律:单个词作定语通常前置;短语和从句作定语通常需要③ 后置 。
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)
形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心、带着它的修饰语的短语,整体可以当作一个形容词来理解和使用。
She is a very successful writer. 她是一位非常成功的作家。(含程度副词)
He was best known for his novels. 他以其小说最为知名。(含程度副词和介词短语)
They had to cross a river about 100 meters wide. 他们不得不渡过一条大约100 米宽的河。(含副词、数词、名词)
What he said is hard to understand. 他说的话挺难懂。(含不定式)
The book is really worth reading. 这本书真的值得读。(含动名词)
You can go to school when you're old enough. 你够年龄了就可以上学了。(含程度副词enough)
We should work hard to make our country rich and strong. 我们应该努力工作使我们的国家富强。(含并列连词)
The boy is neither stupid nor lazy. 这个男孩既不笨也不懒。(含并列连词)
用法归纳
(1)组成:程度副词+形容词;形容词+介词短语;数词+名词+形容词;形容词+enough;形容词+并列连词+形容词;形容词+不定式/动名词。
(2)功能:形容词短语在句中通常修饰名词或代词,在句中作④ 表语 、⑤ 定语 或宾语补足语等。
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)
副词短语指以一个副词为中心的短语。
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得太快我追不上他。(含程度副词)
He would go over his work again and again. 他会反复检查他的工作。(含并列连词)
Strangely enough,she didn't get married. 非常奇怪的是,她没结婚。(含程度副词enough)
用法归纳
(1)组成:程度副词+副词;副词+enough;副词+并列连词+副词。
(2)功能:副词短语在句中作状语,通常修饰⑥ 动词 或整个句子。
即时巩固
写出画线部分属于什么短语及在句中所作的成分
1. The most outgoing boy in our class is Jack. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 主语 )
2. She asks some questions very curiously. (属于 副词短语 ;在句中作 状语 )
3. She was so anxious and frightened that she couldn’t fall asleep. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 表语 )
4. I'm looking forward to a trip to Europe. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 宾语 )
5. Working out makes you energetic and healthy. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 宾语补足语 )
6. Surprisingly enough,he disliked our writing style. (属于 副词短语 ;在句中作 状语 )
7. It's the best lecture that I have ever attended this week. (属于 名词短语 ;在句中作 表语 )
8. The designer is faced with a challenging but rewarding task. (属于 形容词短语 ;在句中作 定语 )
二.写作精讲
建议信
写作题目
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack刚刚升入高中,他一时无法适应新的校园生活,写信向你征求建议。请你就此问题给他回一封信,主要内容包括:
1.实际上很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑,因此不必过于担心;
2.建议:(1)报名参加课外活动,结交新朋友;(2)做好日程安排,关注学习。
3.希望建议能适合他。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
思路点拨
主题
就如何适应高中
生活给朋友建议
体裁
应用文
布局
第一段:表示理解,表明写信目的;
第二段:根据提示给出建议;
第三段:表达希望。
人称
以第一、二人称为主
时态
以一般现在时为主
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. adv.事实上
2. n.(大学或高中)一年级新生
3. v.建议
4. n.日程安排
5. n.青少年
6. n.责任;义务
7. 对……感到困惑
8. 课外活动
9. 集中;特别关注
10. 对……适合的
11. 报名(参加课程)
12. 跟上;赶上
13. 提前
答案 1.actually 2.freshman 3.recommend4.schedule 5.teenager 6.responsibility7.be confused about... 8.extra⁃curricular activity9.focus on 10.be suitable for 11.sign up(for sth.) 12.keep up with 13.in advance
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:表示理解,表明写信目的
(1)事实上,很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑。
, high school life.
第二段:根据提示给出建议
(2)我建议你报名参加课外活动,它们能帮助你结交更多的新朋友。
I that you and they can help you make more new friends.
(3)你应该做好日程安排,并且把注意力集中在你的学业上。
You should and
your studies.
(4)你能赶上班里的其他同学。
You can other classmates in the class.
(5)你最好提前为新课做准备。
You'd better prepare for the new lessons .
(6)作为一名青少年,努力学习是我们的责任。
, studying hard is our responsibility.
第三段:表达希望
(7)我希望我的建议能适合你。
I hope my suggestions will .
答案 (1)Actually;many freshmen are confused about (2)recommend;sign up for extra⁃curricular activities (3)make a good schedule;focus on
(4)keep up with (5)in advance (6)As a teenager (7)be suitable for you
2.句式升级
(8)将句(2)升级为含有定语从句的句子
(9)用so that合并句(3)和句(4)
答案 (8)I recommend that you sign up for extra⁃curricular activities that/which can help you make more new friends. (9)You should make a good schedule and focus on your studies so that you can keep up with other classmates in the class.
连句成篇
参考范文
Dear Jack,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life. Actually, many freshmen are confused about high school life, so don't worry about it too much. I'm writing to offer you some useful advice.
To begin with, I recommend that you sign up for extra⁃curricular activities that/which can help you make more new friends. What's more, you should make a good schedule and focus on your studies so that you can keep up with other classmates in the class. Last but not least, you'd better prepare for the new lessons in advance. As a teenager, studying hard is our responsibility.
I hope my suggestions will be suitable for you and that you will enjoy your high school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
写作积累
建议信常用句式
1.写信背景(写信的缘由)
I'm sorry/glad to hear that...
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
You said in your last letter that...
I'm sorry that you are having trouble/difficulty/problems...
I have received your letter saying that...
2.写信目的
I am writing to express my views about/on...
I am writing to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.
I'm writing to you to present what I think on...
3.具体建议
There are several simple suggestions for you. To begin with,...Moreover/What's more,...Finally,...
Why not do...?/Why don't you do...?/What about doing...?/How about doing...?
I advise/suggest/recommend that you (should) do...
I strongly advise/recommend you to do...
I'd like to suggest/advise that...
If I were you, I would...
4.结尾
I hope you will find these ideas useful/helpful.
I hope my advice is of some help to you.
I hope these suggestions will be of use to you.
I hope that you can take my suggestions.
【经典练】
假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Ann发来邮件说她在新学校与朋友相处时遇到了一些问题。请你根据以下提示给她回一封邮件:
1.表示理解;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
Dear Ann,
I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school. Many students have the same problem when entering a new school, so don't worry about it too much. I'm writing to offer you some useful advice.
First, you should listen to others patiently when they are talking to you. Second, communicate with your classmates more often and help others when they are in trouble, because it is a good way for you to get on well with your friends. Third, it is a good idea to take an active part in activities held in your class in order to spend more time with your friends.
I hope you'll find my suggestions helpful.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
1.重点词汇
①worry about...担忧…… ②in trouble处于困境中
③get on well with...与……和睦相处 ④take an active part in...积极参与……
2.亮点句型
Third, it is a good idea to take an active part in activities held in your class in order to spend more time with your friends.(it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语;过去分词作后置定语)第三,积极参加班级组织的活动以便花更多的时间和朋友在一起是个好主意。
exchange n.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换
【搭配】 (1)in exchange for交换
我们的英语老师正在校园里与交换生谈话。
(2)exchange sth for sth 用……来交换……
exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
lecture n.讲座;讲课;教训vi.(开)讲座;讲课vt.训斥
(2)exchange sth for sth 用……来交换……
exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
registration n.登记;注册;挂号
【联想】 register vt.&vi.登记;注册
nationality n.国籍;民族
【联想】 nation n.国家;民族;国民
national adj.国家的,民族的
design n.设计;设计方案vt.设计;筹划
【搭配】 (1)be designed for sb/sth 为……所设计
be designed to do sth 被设计用于做……
(2)by design=on purpose 有意地,故意地
【联想】 designer n.设计者
formal adj.正式的;正规的
【联想】 informal adj.非正式的
anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的
【搭配】 be anxious about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
【联想】 anxiety n. 担心;焦虑;渴望
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的
【搭配】 be/get annoyed at/with sb对某人生气
be/get annoyed by/about sth 因某事而生气
【联想】 annoy vt. 使恼怒;打扰
annoying adj. 令人恼怒的;令人烦恼的
frightened adj.惊吓的;害怕的
be frightened to do...不敢做……
【联想】 frighten vt. 使吃惊;惊吓
fright n. 恐惧;害怕
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的;可怕的
outgoing adj.爱交际的;外向的
【联想】outworn adj. 用旧的;筋疲力尽的
outstanding adj. 杰出的,优秀的
impression n.印象;感想
【搭配】 make an impression留下好印象
【联想】 impress vt. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象vi. 留下印象;引人注目
what if要是……会怎么样呢?
What if this problem has to be solved in the next half hour?在接下来的半小时里,要是这个问题必须解决会怎样呢?
concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力);聚精会神
【搭配】 concentrate on 集中精力于
explore vt.&vi.探索;勘探
【联想】 exploration n.探测;勘探
confident adj.自信的;有把握的
【搭配】 (1)be confident about... 对……有自信
(2)have confidence in... 对……有自信
【联想】 confidence n. 信心;信任
forward adv.向前;前进adj.向前的;前进的
【搭配】 look forward to 盼望;期待
organise vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建vi.组建;成立
【联想】 organisation n.组织;团体;机构
improve vi.&vt.改进;改善
【联想】 improvement n.改进;改善;提高
curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的
【搭配】 be curious about sth对某事感到好奇
be curious to do sth 极想做某事
【联想】 curiosity n. 好奇心
curiously adv. 好奇地
company n.公司;商行;陪伴
搭配】 in company with 陪伴
keep company with 交往;陪伴
personality n.性格;个性
【联想】 (1)person n. 人
(2)personal adj. 个人的;私人的
(3)personally adv. 亲自地;就个人而言
1.Goals determine what you are going to be.
——Julius Erving
目标决定你将成为什么样的人。
——朱利叶斯·欧文
2.Learn young,learn fair.学习趁年少,既学就学好。
3.Youth should be energetic,be aggressive.
——Lu Xun
青年应当有朝气,敢作为。
——鲁迅
4.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
5.It's never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志,恢宏的想象,炙热的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
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