第一章阅读理解解题策略与训练-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

初高中衔接直通车·英语 第二篇 初高能力衔接 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 衔接目标导引c®① ◆◆◆ 阅读理解是中学阶段考查学生英语综合： 文信息表达方式不一致等诸多变化，这就要 能力的一个重要题型。在初中阶段这一题型 求学生学会快速捕捉文章信息，具备一定的 所设问题比较直接，基本上读懂了阅读材料 阅读技巧。新高考阅读理解题共两节，加上 就能做对题目，通常以选择、判断正误和任务 七选五，文章共5篇，以选择题形式呈现，满 型阅读三种方式呈现。 分50分，题型主要包括主旨大意题、细节理 高中阶段词汇量明显增加，所设题答案 解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和上下文衔接 有的需要跨段搜集信息，题目设置可能会有 顺序与全文行文顺序不一致，题目信息与原 题等类型。 初中要点回顾G金还② ◆◆◆ 一、初中阅读理解试题特点 (一)通读全文，掌握大意 1.就题材而言，阅读理解短文内容广泛， 一般来说，当我们看到阅读题的时候，一 有哲理故事、科普环保、广告新闻、常识介绍 定要先粗略看一下，大体明白文章大意。争 等。这些短文都贴近考生的生活，具有较强 取用很少的时间，运用略读、扫读、跳读等技 的时代性、思想性和教育性。 巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、 2.从考查的具体内容来看，有细节理解： 顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络， 题、推理判断题、简单计算题、词义猜测题、归 把握语篇实质。 纳概括题以及主旨大意题等。 (二)明确问题，高效阅读 二、阅读理解解题技巧 对于看不懂的文章，最好先看题干以及各 阅读理解是中考必考题型，也是提分的： 个选项所包含的信息，然后带着这些问题去原 关键题型，因此我们要掌握一定的技巧才能： 文中找到相关的考点，从而可以高效率地阅读 取得更好的成绩。 文章，获取有效信息，找出正确的答案。 60 第二篇初高能力衔接 (三)加强训练，积累提升 Which of the following is NOT 平时要加大阅读量的训练，多接触各种 mentioned? Which of the following is NOT true 体裁的阅读资料，特别要注意社会热点以及 according to the passage? 近期发生的重大新闻等，这样经过强化训练 2.主旨归纳题 和日常的积累必将达到阅读能力的飞跃 考查读者对文章中心思想的理解能力。 提升。 这类题常见的命题方式有： What's the main idea/subject of this (四)注意阅读速度的提高 passage? 一般来说，中考时考试时间是有限的，这 Which is the best title for the passage? 就要求考生尽量用最短的时间完成阅读理解 The main point of the passage is... 题，以便留出足够的时间仔细检查和甄别答 This passage tells us that... This passage mainly talks about... 案，因此在平时一定要注意阅读速度的训练。 3.词义猜测题 在做题之前，先给自己规定好时间，在规定的 考查根据上下文猜测生词和短语含义的 时间内完成任务。只有这样，才能逐渐提高 能力。 阅读速度。 这类题常见的命题方式有： The word/,phrase“ ”in the (五)树立信心 passage probably means 大部分考生对阅读理解题感到头痛，做 The underlined word/phrase 题时总会产生畏惧的心理。所以在平时一定 in the passage refers to 要扩大词汇和词组的积累，加大阅读量的训 Here“ ”means 4.推理判断题 练，提高阅读速度，树立信心。 这类题要求学生能够根据文章提供的具 (六)分析所设问题的种类，按类别做 体事实，经过思考分析，概括出文章的中心思 处理 想，或推断出文章中没有加以阐述的观点或 1.细节理解题 结论。 这类题常见的命题方式有： 考查把握文章事实和细节的能力。此类 We can guess the writer of the letter 题型的问题以what,who,which,when, may be a where,how或者why等疑问词引导，就文中 We can infer from the text that 某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求 From the story we can guess 学生回答。 What would happen if... 这类题常见的命题方式有： From the passage we've learned that Which of the following is RIGHT? it's very to know something about... 61 初高中衔接直通车·英语 5.意图、态度题 How did the writer feel at...? 这类题要求学生不仅要看懂文章，还要 The writer writes this text to 从字里行间体会作者的意图和情绪。 The writer believes that 这类题常见的命题方式有： The writer suggests that 高中考点对接G8可 ◆◆◆ 高中阅读理解部分要求考生读懂书、报、 2.细节理解题 杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的短文以及公 一般只针对某个特定的细节，有时也可 告、说明、广告（生词量不超过3%）等，并能 能涉及若干个细节，或针对文章的主要事实， 从中获取相关信息。 或利用图片等来设置选项。 我们应做到： 3.猜测词义题 (1)理解主旨和要义： 推测词义的方法主要有以下几种： (2)理解文中具体信息： (1)根据定义或解释推测： (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义： (2)根据同义、反义、同位关系推测： (4)做出判断和推理： (5)理解文章的基本结构： (3)根据因果关系推测。因此，设置推测 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 词义题目也通常从这几个方面入手。 一、测试特点 4.推理判断题 既考查阅读速度，又考查多种语言运用 推理和判断是很重要的阅读技能，要求 能力，要求我们在限定的时间内阅读文章，领 学生能够理解文章中某些语句的言外之意。 悟文章意图，捕捉文中信息并找出题目答案。 常见的推断方式有五种： 题目设置易、中、难题，以中等难度试题居多。 (1)依据数据推断： 阅读理解不仅检测我们理解、概括、推理等逻 (2)依据事实推断； 辑思维的精确性、深刻性和敏捷性，而且检验 (3)依据语气推断： 我们的心理素质。 (4)依据细节推断： 二、题型设计 (5)依据全文内容推断。 高中阅读理解题在设计上从题干到选项 5.文章结构题 都具有灵活巧妙、含蓄隐蔽等特点，我们必须 就文章结构、文脉，句与句，段与段之间 在明确题意、排除干扰、找出依据的前提下， 经过深刻思考才能定夺答案。题型主要有 的逻辑关系拟题。 六类： 6.作者意图题 1.主旨大意题 (1)根据文章整体内容拟题（如写作意图）； 就段落或短文的主题(theme or topic)、 (2)根据文章细节内容拟题（如作者的观 主旨要义(main idea)、标题(title)等拟题 点、态度)。 62 第二篇初高能力衔接 阅读理解专练c3⑦⑦ A Photography and mobile phones Welcome to Windsor Castle,the oldest Non-commercial photography and filming and largest occupied castle in the world. are welcomed in the Castle.Photography, Windsor is one of the official residences(住所) video recording and filming are not permitted of the Queen,who sometimes stays here. inside the State Apartments or St George's Guided tours Chapel.Mobile phone must be switched off Visitors can explore the history of the inside the State Apartments and St George's Castle through a tour of the Precincts with Chapel in consideration of other visitors. an expert guide.Tours depart at regular Security intervals(间隙)throughout the day from As Winter Castle is a working royal the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to palace,visitors and their belongings should the State Apartments. get through airport style security checks. Visitors with children For safety and security reasons,a one-way For those visiting with children,a system operates along the visitor route. special family tour and various activities are 1.What is specially offered to visitors with offered during school holidays and at kids? weekends.Please note that,for safety A.A security guard. B.A baby carrier. reasons,pushchairs are not permitted in the C.A free toy. D.A pushchair. State Apartments.However,baby carriers 2.Why are visitors required to turn off their are available to borrow. mobile phones? St George's Chapel A.To ensure the safety of the Queen. Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 B.To ensure the security of the Castle. from March to October are advised to visit St C.To prevent them from disturbing others. George's Chapel first before it closes. D.To prevent the use of the built-in cameras. Shopping 3.Where is the passage probably taken Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs from? designed for the Royal Collection,including A.A travel guide. books,postcards,china,jewelry,and B.A dictionary. children's toys.Please ask at the Middle C.A story book. Ward shop about our home delivery service. D.A science report. 63 初高中衔接直通车·英语 B I was a good cleaner,and now I'm a good “Be proud of what you do,”my father manager.I think Dad would be proud of me always told me,"whether you are a boss or all the time. a cleaner."When I was 15,I got a summer 4.The writer's first job was a job in a hospital.I was told that my duties A.boss B.manager would include sweeping floors.I smiled and C.cleaner D.doctor remembered Dad's words.Even though my 5.Which of the following didn't the writer job was the lowest,it made me feel excited. do in the hospital according to the I saw it as a challenge because it was my passage? first job.I learned to be on time and tried to A.Washing dishes. do everything well.In return,I was treated B.Looking after patients. with respect by doctors,nurses and C.Cleaning toilets. patients.Each morning I imagined that the D.Sweeping the floor. dirty dishes would make patients more sick 6.When the writer was in the hospital,he if I were not there to wash them clean. After breakfast was done,I started A.worked hard sweeping the floors of all patient rooms and B.wasn't tired cleaning the toilets.Though I was tired,I C.made the patients sick wanted the job to be done well.Hearing D.did everything people say "That young boy really does a 7.From the passage we know that good job",I was filled with pride. A.the writer's father always stayed with Working in the hospital taught me that him being proud of one's job is important.It B.the father didn't like the writer's first does not matter whether the job is sweeping job floors or managing a large business. C.the writer wasn't proud of his first job Through every job I have ever had,my D.the father's words encouraged the father's words have always stayed with me. writer to do everything well 64初高中衔接直通车·英语 some of her family photos是直接宾语。A.主 is 9.reading 10.spoken 11.doing 12.being 语十谓语十宾语：B.主语十系动词十表语；C.主 13.heard 14.lacking 15.hoping 语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语：D.主语十谓 Ⅱ. 语十宾语十宾语补足语。故选C项。 1.I have a lot of work to do today. 18.C考查句子与句子成分。句意：妈妈给我买了： 2.My brother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些漂亮的礼物。主语S是Mum,谓语V是 3.I often see the old man walk in the park. bought,间接宾语IO是me,直接宾语DO是 4.The teacher is coming,with a book in his hand. some nice presents。所以该句子结构是S+V+ 专题六主谓一致 IO+D),故选C项。 语法要点专练 专题三动词的时态 语法要点专练 1.has;does 2.is 3.is 4.Is 5.are 6.is 1. 7.was 8.have;has 9.was 10.are 11.are 1.writes 2.was shining 3.goes 4.was cooking 12.sells 13.isn't allowed 14.am 15.is 5.sounds 6.are saving 7.had hoped 8.has I. taught 9.would take 10.had collected 1.Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. n. 2.The writer and teacher is coming. 1.are having 2.would buy 3.flies 4.stopped 3.Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai 5.am going to listen 6.were studying 7.have next week. lived 8.was watching 9.had lived 10.goes 4.He is one of the students who get there on time. 专题四动词的语态 5.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is cov- 语法要点专练 ered with water. I. 专题七并列句和复合句 1.Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our : 语法要点专练 hometown. 2.More trees should be planted on Tree Planting 1.where 2.which/that 3.whom 4.who:that Day. 5.when 6.and 7.that 8.If 9.after 10.where 3.In 2012,Li Hua,a college student,was chosen to Ⅱ. work for the Olympic Games. : 1.As soon as 2.When 3.whatever 4.such; 4.The good dictionaries have been sold out already. that 5.so that 6.so;that 7.where 8.until 5.I have been told that the papers are being Ⅲ. marked. 1.When she came in 2.Where there is 3.be- 6.When I got to the office,Sandy was being ques- cause he got up late 4.Although.Though they tioned. are poor 5.whether/if 6.what he said 7.By the end of next year,the work will have been 7.Whether completed. 8.The painting is expected to go for at least a mil- 第二篇 lion dollars. 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 Ⅱ. 阅读理解专练 1.is planted 2.is being interviewed 3.been sent 4.will be put off 5.lock 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 Ⅲ. 了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。 1.was asked 2.has won 3.is racing 4.see l.B细节理解题。根据第三段“For those visiting 5.will tell 6.put 7.was preparing 8.am get- with children,a special family tour and various ting 9.should be 10.will shall:tell activities are offered during school holidays and 专题五非谓语动词 at weekends.Please note that,for safety rea- 语法要点专练 sons,pushchairs are not permitted in the State I. Apartments.However,baby carriers are availa- 1.to develop 2.to read 3.to watch 4.to wake ble to borrow.(对于带孩子的游客，学校在假期 5.to keep 6.cry;to cry 7.speaking 8.named; 和周末提供特别的家庭旅游和各种活动。请注 98 参考答案 意出于安全考虑，国家公寓内不允许使用婴儿 ‘whether you are a boss or a cleaner..,"以及此段 车。然而，婴儿背带是可以借用的。)”可知，特别 中“I smiled and remembered Dad's words.”以及 为带孩子的游客提供一个婴儿背带。故选B。 最后一段中“Through every job I have ever had,. 2.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Non-com my father's words have always stayed with me. mercial photography and filming are welcomed in 可知，作者无论做什么事，都时刻记得父亲的话， the Castle.Photography,video recording and 为自己的工作骄做，这就需要作者做好自己的每 filming are not permitted inside the State Apart- : 一份工作，所以父亲的话一直鼓励作者把每件事 ments or St George's Chapel.Mobile phone 都做好，故选D。 must be switched off inside the State Apart- 第二章 七选五解题策略与训练 ments and St George's Chapel in consideration of 七选五专练 other visitors.(城堡欢迎非商业摄影和拍摄。不 A 允许在国家公寓或圣乔治教堂内摄影、录像和拍： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何选 摄。考虑到其他游客，在国家公寓和圣乔治教堂 择一本好书给出了一些建议。 内必须关闭手机。)”可知，要求游客关掉手机是：l.C根据上文“Start With Your Interest.Reading 为了防止他们打扰别人。故选C。 3A粮理判断题，恭格第一找“Wdom心口 for fun isn't like reading for school..(从你的兴趣 开始。为乐趣而阅读不像为学校而阅读。)”可 Windsor Castle,the oldest and largest occupied 知，本段讲的是为兴趣而读书。选项C“You can castle in the world.Windsor is one of the official choose something you love to read,not for residences(住所)of the Queen,who sometimes school.(你可以选择你喜欢读的东西，但不是为 stays here.(欢迎来到温莎城堡，这是世界上最 了上学。)”和前文的逻辑一致，符合上文。故 古老、最大的有人居住的城堡。温莎是女王的官： 选C。 邸之一，女王有时会住在这里。)”结合文章主要： 2.F根据上文“Nonfiction books give you the 介绍了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。可推知， who,what,when,and why of something. 文章可能选自旅游指南。故选A。 虚构类书籍会告诉你关于某件事的人物、事件、 B 时间和原因。)”以及下文“Many of them are in 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过 teresting from beginning to end.(其中很多从头 作者第一次工作的经历，说明我们要对自己所做的 到尾都很有趣。)”可知，空处指的是这类小说并 工作感到骄傲。无论做什么，哪怕再微不足道的工 不无聊。选项F“They tell stories using facts 作，我们都要认真对待。 but that doesn't mean they're boring..(他们用事 4.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“When I was 15, 实讲故事，但这并不意味着他们无聊。)”符合文 I got a summer job in a hospital.I was told that 意。故选F。 my duties would include sweeping floors.”可知：3.G根据上文“They can also help you pick future 作者的第一份工作是在医院里负责清洁的，是清 books,too.If you find a book you really like, 洁工。故选C。 take a minute to read the quotes and see which 5.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each morning I writers praised the book..(他们也可以帮助你挑 imagined that the dirty dishes would make pa- 选未来的书。如果你找到了一本你非常喜欢的 tients more sick if I were not there to wash them 书，花点时间读一下里面的引言，看看哪些作家 clean.After breakfast was done,I started 对这本书表示了赞扬。)”可知，本段讲的是选择 sweeping the floors of all patient rooms and 书本时引言的重要性。选项G“Often,they'll cleaning the toilets..”可知我在医院里需要洗餐 have similar styles and you might find books you 具，扫地和打扫厕所，所以选项B“照顾病人”不 like by those writers,too.(通常，他们会有相似 是作者做的，故选B。 的风格，你可能会发现这些作家的书你也喜 6.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Though I was 欢。)”是上文的延伸，与上文一致。故选G。 tired,I wanted the job to be done well.Hearing:4.A根据上文“Find a Family Favorite.Which people say 'That young boy really does a good book did your mother love best when she was at job',I was filled with pride”可知作者在医院工 your age?(找到家人最喜欢的。你母亲在你这 作做得非常好，受到很多人的赞扬，可推知作者 么大的时候最喜欢哪本书？)”可知，本段讲的是 在医院里时，工作非常努力，故选A。 问问家人的喜好。选项A“How about your 7.D推理判断题。根据第一段中“·Be proud of brothers and sisters?(你的兄弟姐妹喜欢什么 what you do,'my father always told me, 书？)”与上文一致。故选A。 99