第四章语法填空解题策略与训练-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

第二篇 初高能力衔接 第四章 语法填空解题策略与训练 语法填空题型解读C 语法填空重在语境中考查考生的语法和 一般来说,解题步骤为: 词汇综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先 1.通读全文,理解大意 选好的一篇地道的英语文章中,在保证句子 2.确定固定搭配,使句子前后连贯; 成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备 3.分析句子结构或分析语义确定所填 的基础上,挖去10个空所为。这10个空根 词汇; 据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词 4.语法是否正确,逻辑是否合理。 类两种。 语法填空考点分布C 1.有提示词类:一般设置7个小题 2.无提示词类:一般设置3个小题 1~2题:考查时态、语态及主 0~1题:重点考查常见介词的基 谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的 介词 谓语动词 本用法或固定搭配中的介词, 不超过1题,答案最多三个 单词。 段不涉及短语介词 1~3题:考查不定式、动词-ing 0~1题:重点考查冠词的特指 非谓语 冠词 形式与过去分词,每种最多设1 泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词 动词 题。 一般不涉及零冠词 1~3题:考查方式有动词派生 0~2题:侧重于定语从句的引导 高频 为名词、名词派生为形容词或 派生词 考点 从属连词词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句 动词、形容词派生为副词等 的引导词也偶有涉及。 每种最多设1题。 0~1题:主要考查可数名词的 0~1题:并列句的关联词也偶有 并列连词 名词 复数,也可能会考查名词的所 涉及。 有格。 0~1题:包括助动词(如强调谓语 0~1题:主要考查形容词和副 形容词和 词的转换,以及其比较级或最 动词的do,does,did;构成部分倒 副词类 高级。 装的do,does,did;构成一般疑问 其他 句的do,does,did),构成强调结构 代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主 低频 的it或that,连接性副词(before. 格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词 考点 ago,however,anyway...)等。 性物主代词、反身代词等。 13 初高中衔接直通车·英语 语法填空解题策-略$ (8) 1.冠词 hour (1)无提示词。 honest boy (2)名词之前。 8-year-old boy [示例] (1) There once were a goat and a X-ray photo/ umbrella/American donkey.., So the farmer killed 解析 an 表示泛指,同时,因为首字母发 元音音标。 goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. [解题技巧] 解析 the 表示特指。 下列情况很可能填a/an。 (1) (2) When I see a child subject to this kind 十可数名词(单数) (2) of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 十形容词十可数名词(单数)。 下列情况下很可能填the。 shy,nervous perfectionist. (1) 解析 a 表示泛指。 (十定语)十名词十of等介词 短语(表示特指); (3).., the head of the village was tying up (2) (十定语)十名词十定语从句 his horse to my car to pull it to (表示特指); small town some 2o kilometers away (3) (十定语)十名词十不定式短 解析a 表示泛指。 语或分词短语(表示特指)。 (4) I still remember taking 2.介词 visiting friend from Canada to a local (1)无提示词:注意搭配问题 Black Country pub for lunch. (2)与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补 解析 a 表示泛指。 语等。 (5)He's amazing singer, a (3)与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。 music video director, a business owner [示例 ] (1) In short,I believe that it is and he great use to keep a dairy in 解析 an 表示泛指,amazing首字母发 English... 元音音标,所以用an。 解析 of 考查固定短语be ofgreat use (6) One way that Americans do this is “很实用”。 with firm hand shake. (2) When I took the money from her 解析 表示泛指。 grandparents, I looked back the (7)This is law of American-of girl, who was giving me the most all successful people. optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. 解析 the 表示特指,有限定范围:ofall 解析 at 考查固定短语lookbackat“回 successful people。 头看”。 7A 第二篇 初高能力衔接 (3) She found some good quality pipes 解析 why 考查定语从句的关系副词。 sale. (2) It got its name during the industrial 解析 on 考查固定短语onsale“在售”。 revolution. factory pollution (4)He was very tired doing this turned the local skies black and local dust for a whole day... from the mines made the soil the same 解析 after 考查固定短语:after doing color. this在做过这个一整天之后,很累了。 解析 when 考查定语从句的关系副词。 3.代词 (3)Jane paused in front of a counter (1)无提示词。 some attractive ties were on display. 解析 (2)作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形 where 考查定语从句的关系 容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别 副词。 (3)指示代词(it和this),不定代词,it用作 (4) One day, he came up with an idea 引导词,反身代词等。 he would pluck up all of his [示例] (1)She remembered how difficult it crop a few inches. was to choose a suitable present for her 解析 that 考查同位语从句,解释先行 father. 词idea。 (2) When the time came for me to say [解题技巧] goodbye to my friends in my village, I (1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应 wanted to reward the old woman for the 填并列连词。常见的并列连词有;and;or; trouble I had caused her. but; while; however; so; for; otherwise; (3) It has been said before, but both... and...; not only... but also...; experiencing it myself has made me want neither... nor...;either... or...。 to say it again: a smile... (2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没 [解题技巧] 有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定 因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动 是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整。根 名词或不定式等充当,而名词、动名词或不 据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据 定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中 句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填 考查,所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语 and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种 或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指 主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点, 示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问 结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的 代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词 某个连词。 前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。 (3)常见的连接词有 4.连词或从句引导词 定语从句的引导词:关系代词:that; (1)无提示词。 which;who;whom;whose;as。关系副词 (2)两个主谓结构连接 when; where; why。 [示例] (1)Historically, it was famous for 名词性从句:if;whether;what等。 industry, which explains the 状语从句:if;when;unless; before; area is called the Black Country. after等。 15 初高中衔接直通车·英语 5.谓语动词 (4) Before the waitress could even finish (1)有提示词。 describing the menu, my friend looked at (2)与主语构成主谓结构。 me with his eyebrows(眉毛) [示例] (1) I was certain she would like it (raise). 解析 raised (tell) by my because I 考查with的复合结构; classmates that she loved hot food. with十n.十分词,此处表示被动关系用过 去分词形式。 解析 wastold 考查被动语态。根据线 7.词性转换 索词by和语境的时态决定为一般过去时 (1)有提示词。 的被动语态,主语是I,谓语动词用was。 (2)介词、冠词、所有格后接名词,形容词修 (2) His fear of failure (keep) 饰名词、副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。 him from classroom games that other [示例] (1)“Thirty-five cents,”she said children played with joyous abandon. (rude). 解析 kept 考查一般过去时态。根据语 解析 rudely 考查副词修饰动词。 境得知用一般过去时态。 (2)As far as I am concerned, my (3) Being too anxious to help an event (suggest) is that we should always have a develop often (result) in the notebook and a Chinese-English within contrary to our intention. easy reach. 解析 results 考查谓语动词的数。主语 解析 suggestion 考查名词作主语。 是动名词,谓语动词用单数,因为描述的是 (3) This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 客观真理,用一般现在时态。 (nature) 6.非谓语动词 course. 解析 natural 考查形容词修饰名词。 (1)有提示词。 (4) (2)除谓语动词以外的动词形式。 (doubt), although there is [示例] (1)We must also consider the still room for improvement to this policy. I think it is still a good one which brings reaction of the person (receive) the gift. more good than harm to the students and the nation. 解析 receiving 考查现在分词短语作后 解析 Undoubtedly 考查副词作状语。 置定语。 8.形容词的级 (2)... I then noticed that I had just 10 (1)有提示词。 minutes left (complete) the (2)通常,有表示范围的in/of介词短语或 rest! 形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than 解析 to complete 考查动词不定式表示 的前面一定要用比较级。 目的。 [示例] (1)One of the (bad)gift (3)My pupils. Donnie choices I ever made was for my high (include),adored her. school English teacher... 解析 included 此处表示被动,过去分词 解析 worst one of十the十最高级十名 做状语。 词:其中最.....的东西。 1 第二篇 初高能力衔接 (2)... We were both laughing the whole 2.根据上下文意义及语法,确定词形 time at our complete inability to 考点 考查语法点 communicate in words. When it was time 冠词 定冠词,不定冠词 to leave, I said"thank you"in Korean, 人称代词,物主代词,不定代词,指示 using some of the few words I had 代词 代词,反身代词 learned. I felt (lonely)than I 连词 had expected that night. 并列句及复合句 解析 less lonely 介词 根据提示词than知道 介词的常用用法及词组搭配 用比较级,同时根据语境知道用否定意义 谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓 谓语动词 的比较级。 一致 (3) Lucille Clifton is an award-winning 非谓语动词to do,doing,done及 非谓语 poet and writer. Critics call her one of the 变形 (great) writers of our time 词性变化词汇,构词法 解析 greatest one of十the十最高级十 人:其中最.....的人。 3.解题四步走 小结 (1)通读全文,理解大意。 1.根据句子结构,确定词性 (2)分析句子,确定词性。 一般有提示词:动词,名词,形容词,副词。 (3)根据语义,确定词形。 无提示词:冠词,介词,连词,代词 (4)检查搭配,前后连贯。 语法填空专练 A Jane was so 1. __ Zhou Liang is the 1. (good) (inspire) by friend of mine. He is sixteen. He is not very the people she met online that she decided to start 2. IT club to teach older tall, but he is smart. He has many different people how to use computers and the (hobby). 3. (listen) Internet. She and her friends now organise to music is his favorite. He is 4. 3. (event) and collect money to (interest) in sports very much. He is pay for 4. (privacy) teachers. 5. member of our school football Since then, many people 5. (help) team. Zhou Liang also likes 6. by the club. A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply 6. (surf) the Internet. He works hard at his work online and found all the lessons so he does well 7. a great job. Now that he works and can take subjects. He can work out the math care of himself, his daughter has time 7. (study) at university. A 61- problems so 8. (easy), He is kind year-old woman 8. was living alone and ready9. (help) others. He is has started a small online company together the person 10. has helped me make with two friends. She no longer feels 9. progress. I hope our friendship will last (lone),and her company has become forever. quite10. (success). 17参考答案 第四章 语法填空解题策略与训练 2.an 考查冠词。句意:她受到网上认识的人的启 语法填空专练 发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部,教老年人如何使用 A 电脑和互联网。根据句子结构及句意可知,此处 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作 【语篇导读】 应表示泛指“一个IT俱乐部”,故用不定冠词,IT 者的最好朋友周良。 是以元音音素开头,故填an。 1.best 考查形容词最高级。句意:周良是我最好的 3.events 考查名词的数。句意:她和她的朋友们 朋友。根据句意以及前文定冠词可知,此处应用 现在组织活动并筹集资金来支付私人教师的费 good的最高级best作定语修饰名词。故填best。 用。根据句子结构及句意可知,设空处表示“活 2.hobbies 考查名词复数。句意;他有许多不同的爱 动”,故用可数名词复数,故填events。 好。根据前文“manydifferent”可知,此处应用可数 4.private 考查形容词。句意:她和她的朋友们现 名词hobby的复数形式作宾语。故填hobbies。 在组织活动并筹集资金来支付私人教师的费用。 3. Listening 考查非谓语动词。句意:听音乐是他的 根据句子结构及句意可知,此处应用形容词pri- 最爱。分析可知,空格处为主语,应用listen的动名 vate,作定语,修饰名词teachers,表示“私人的”, 词形式作主语。句首字母大写,故填Listening 故填private。 5. have been helped 4. interested 考查形容词。句意:他对运动很感兴 1 考查现在完成时的被动语态。 趣。根据前文系动词is可知,此处应用interest 句意:从那时起,许多人得到了俱乐部的帮助。根 的以ed结尾的形容词作表语,修饰人,beinter 据Since及句意可知,时态应用现在完成时。主 estedin是固定搭配。故填interested。 语manypeople与help是动宾关系,故用被动语 5.a 考查冠词。句意:他是我们学校足球队的一 态,结合时态,故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语 员。此处可数名词单数member为泛指概念,应 manypeople是复数,助动词用have,故填have 用不定冠词限定。因发音以辅音开头,故填a。 been helped。 6. suffering 考查非谓语动词。句意:周良也喜欢 6. for 考查介词。句意:一个59岁的男人学会了 上网。liketodosth常表示一次性动作;like do 如何在线申请工作,并找到了一份很棒的工作。 ingsth常指习惯性的动作。此处指习惯性动作, 根据句子结构及句意可知,此处考查短语apply 故用动名词作宾语。故填suffering。 for,表示“申请”,故填for 7. in 考查介词。句意:他努力学习功课,所以他各 7.tostudy考查不定式。句意:现在他工作并可以 科成绩都很好。dowellin“在......方面做得好” 照顾自己,他的女儿有时间在大学学习。根据句 是固定搭配,符合句意。故填in。 子结构及句意可知,此处考查短语have/hastime 8.easily 考查副词。句意:他能轻而易举地解出这 todosth.,表示“有时间做某事”,故填不定式,作 些数学题。修饰动词短语workout,应用副词。 定语,故填tostudy。 故填easily。 8.who/that考查定语从句。句意:一位61岁的独 9.tohelp考查动词不定式。句意:他很善良,乐于 居女子与两个朋友一起创办了一家小型在线公 帮助别人。动词不定式可以用在作表语的形容 司。根据句子结构及句意可知,此句是定语从 词后面作状语,故此处应用help的不定式作状 句,缺少的引导词指代先行词A6l-year-old 语,符合句意。故填tohelp。 woman,并在定语从句中作主语,故填whothat。 10.whothat 考查定语从句。句意:他就是那个 9. lonely 考查形容词。句意:她不再感到孤独,她的 帮助我取得进步的人。分析句子可知,此处引导 公司也变得非常成功。根据系动词feels及句意可 限制性定语从句,先行词为theperson,关系代词 知,此处应填形容词lonely,作表语,故填lonely。 who和that引导从句,在从句中用作主语,指代 10.successful考查形容词。句意:她不再感到孤 人。故填who/that。 独,她的公司也变得非常成功。根据系动词be B come及句意可知,此处应填形容词successful, 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述简受 作表语,故填successful。 到网友的启发,创办了IT俱乐部,并使很多人因此 第五章 应用文解题策略与训练 受益。 应用文专练 考查过去分词。句意:她受到网上认识 1. inspired A 的人的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部,教老年人 【参考范文】 如何使用电脑和互联网。主语She与inspire是 To enrich our life on campus and improve our 动宾关系,故用被动语态。根据was及句意可 English, we, Student Union, set up an English 知,此处应填动词的过去分词,故填inspired。 club. Obviously, besides study, there are also oth 103