专题五非谓语动词-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

初高中衔接直通车·英语 race-flew two hundred miles away with metal tube(管子)，then put that tube in lots of other pigeons.And now she 3. grandpa's special clock.That records the (race)back home. time that Goldie finished the race.It should “Come on,Goldie.Come on,Goldie!” be grandpa's job.But while he 7. That's me,calling Goldie back home.But I (prepare)for the race,he felt ill suddenly can't see her yet. and was sent to the hospital. I really want Goldie to win this race.I So that's why I'm nervous,waiting for want to give grandpa the good news when I Goldie.I 8. (get)more nervous 4. (see)him tonight in the every minute,because Goldie 9. hospital.My eyes search the blue sky.Still (be)here by now.But the sky is blue and no sign of Goldie. empty. “Calm down,Danny！”I tell myself. “Don'tworry.”I tell myself.“Goldie But it's hard to be calm.This job is very always comes back."But where is she? important.I 5. (tell)you why. What 10. (tell)grandpa? Before the race,they 6. (put) a ring on every pigeon's leg.When Goldie I wait until it's nearly dark.I give up! comes back,I've got to catch her to take her Then I lock the other pigeons in the loft.I've ring off,as fast as I can,and put it in a little got to see grandpa tonight at the hospital. 专题五 非谓语动词 衔接目标导引G3② ◆◆◆ 不能用来单独作谓语但又具有动词特征的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动 词不定式，动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词的否定式，在其前加 not或never(表示强调)。 初中考点 高中考点 ·非谓语动词的时态、语态 ·认识非谓语动词的形式 ·非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ·非谓语动词的基本句法功能 ·非谓语动词的习惯搭配和句型 ·非谓语动词在具体语境中的灵活运用 ·独立主格结构 ·非谓语动词常用固定结构和句型 ·非谓语动词之间的用法区别及与句子之间的转 换功能 44 第一篇初高知识衔接 初中要点回顾c3。 一、动词不定式 2.t可代替动词不定式作主语、宾语 1.动词不定式的句法功能 (1)动词不定式作主语时，常用t作形式 功 例句 说明 主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构 为：It+be+ad.(+forof sb)+动词不 To speak English is 不定式作主语时， 定式。 not easy for us.=It is 主 常常用it作形式主 not easy for us To learn English well is useful. 语 to 语，而把不定式放 speak English.讲英语 -It is useful to learn English well. 在后面 对我们来说不容易。 It's important for us to protect the My work is to clean environment. the room every day. 多数情况下，不定 【注意】在kind,good,nice,clever等表示 表 To clean the room 式作表语，可转换 人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 语 every day is my work. 为作主语 我的工作就是每天打扫 It's very kind of you to help me. 这间屋子。 你帮助我真是太好了。 -What sports does he (2)在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常 like to play? 他喜 只能作某些动词的 用t代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 宾 欢做什么运动？ 宾语，一般不作介 I find it easy to read English every day. 语 -He likes to play 词的宾语 我发现每天读英语很容易。 basketball. 他喜欢 打篮球。 3.不定式的否定结构 不定式的否定结构由“not十不定式”构成。 My mother made me 在make,let,see, 宾 play the piano all the hear,watch等使 如：Please tell your child not to play in the 补 time.我妈妈让我一直 役、感官动词后，不 street. 弹钢琴。 定式省略to 请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩。 二、动名词 不定式作定语，要 定 Have you got anything 1.动名词的句法功能 放在所修饰词的 语 to say?你有要说的吗？ 后面 (1)作主语 动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 I'm sorry to trouble you. 如：Doing morning exercises is good for (表示原因)很抱歉，给 你添麻烦了。 不定式作状语，其 health. 状 I went to the library to 逻辑主语要和句子 做早操有益于健康。 语 study English.(表示目 的主语一致 (2)作表语 的)我去图书馆学英 My favourite sport is swimming. 语了。 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 45 初高中衔接直通车·英语 (3)作宾语 续表 Do you mind opening the window? 能 例句 说明 你介意开一下窗户吗？ The students went (4)作定语 out of the classroom, There is a swimming pool in our school. talking and laughing. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 学生们谈笑着走出了 现在分词的逻辑主 2.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 状教室。 语是句子的主语： 语Seen from the hill, 过去分词的逻辑宾 有些动词既可以用动名词也可以用不定式 our school looks more 语为句子的主语 作宾语，但它们所表达的意义不同。 beautiful..从小山上 g0 on do sth继续做另一件事 看，我们学校显得更美 丽了。 go on doing sth继续做同一件事 remember to do sth记住要做的事 The situation remember doing sth记住做过的事 encouraging. 形势令人鼓舞。 现在分词表示主语 forget to do sth忘记要做的事 举 The boy is too 语 的性质、特征；过去 forget doing sth忘记做过的事 frightened to move. 分词表示某种状态 regret to do sth对要做的事表示遗憾（未做） 这个男孩太害怕了， 以至于不能动了。 regret doing sth对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔 (已做) Don't keep us waiting for a long 现在分词作补足 三、分词 time.不要让我们等得 语，被补足的宾语 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现 太久。 或主语是它的逻辑 在分词的基本形式由“动词十-ing”构成：过 补 I heard him singing 主语（即主动关 足 in the classroom.我 系)：过去分词作补 去分词的基本形式是“动词十-ed”,但也有不 语 听到他正在教室里唱 足语，被补足的宾 规则的形式。 歌呢。 语或主语是它的逻 1.分词的句法功能 He'll have his hair 辑宾语（即被动关 cut after school..放 系) 功 例句 说明 学后他要去理发。 Do you know the 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 girl standing under 现在分词作定语， (1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过 the tree?你认识站 其逻辑主语就是它 去分词表示被动意义。如： 定 在树下面的那位女 所修饰的词：过去 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 语 孩吗？ 分词作定语，其逻 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 Please hand in your 辑宾语是它所修饰 a moving film一场感人的电影 written exercises.请 的词 交上你们的笔试练习。 the moved people被感动的人们 46 第一篇初高知识衔接 (2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动 (2)have sb/sth doing sth意为“让某人 作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如： 物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代替， the developing country发展中国家 现在分词(doing)表示这个动作往往具有 the developed country发达国家 持续、进行的含义。如： the rising sun正在升起的太阳 The two men had their lights burning all the risen sun升起来的太阳 night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。 3.易混句式have sb do sth,have sb/sth (3)have sth done意为“让某人做某事”， doing sth和have sth done的区别 即ask sb else to do sth。过去分词(done) (1)have sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”， 表示这个动作由他人（即非主语本身）来 have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往 完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完 表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经 成。如： 完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had The driver had his car washed once a the boy stand with his back to his father. week. 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。 高中考点对接C①②o ◆◆◆ 一、动词不定式的形式 【温馨提示】only /just to do作状语时， 动词不定式有时态和语态形式，见下表（以 表示令人失望的，不愉快的结果。 write为例)： He hurried to the station just/only to 时态 主动 被动 learn that the train had left. 一般时 to write to be written 他急忙赶到火车站，结果得知火车已经开 进行时 to be writing 走了。 to have been 二、动名词的形式 完成时 to have written written 动名词与现在分词形式相同，有时态和语 完成进 to have been writing 态形式，见下表（以teach为例）： 行时 时态 主动 被动 I know him to be an expert. 一般时 teaching being taught 我知道他是位专家。（一般时） 完成时 having taught having been taught He seems to be thinking about something.(=It seems that he is thinking 一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的 about something.) 动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作 他似乎正在考虑什么事。（进行时》 之前或之后。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(=I They are all interested in climbing am sorry that I have kept you waiting. mountains. 对不起，让你久等了。（完成时） 他们对登山都很感兴趣。 47 初高中衔接直通车·英语 By reading English every morning,you 句子的主语一致，否则分词要带自己的逻 can learn it well. 辑主语，这种带自己逻辑主语的分词，称为 通过每天早晨读英语，你就能把英语学好。 分词的独立结构。如： 2.完成式强调动作发生在谓语动词所表示的 Working hard,you'll succeed. 动作之前。如： 如果你努力工作，你将会成功。(working How I regret having been idle when 的逻辑主语与句子主语you一致)》 young! Work done,they had a rest.工作完成后， 我多么后悔年轻时虚度了时光啊！ 他们休息了一会儿。(done的逻辑主语与 3.当动名词的逻辑主语承受其动作时，动名 句子的主语不一致，work done为独立结 词用被动语态，如： 构作状语) The boy escaped being run over. 【注意】有时分词的逻辑主语与句子的主 那男孩险些被车轧死。 语不一致，常用来表示说话人的某种态度， 4.动名词的逻辑主语 被视为独立成分，成为固定词组：generally 动名词前的名词所有格、人称代词宾格、形 speaking(总的说来)，strictly speaking(严 容词性物主代词及名词普通格为动名词的 格地说)，judging from(从…判断) 逻辑主语。如： allowing for(考虑到)等。 His son being ill worries him a lot. 2.分词的时态 他儿子生病使他很担心。 (1)一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作 I object to his/him laughing at people in 同时发生或在之前发生。如： trouble. He watched them playing football. 我反对他嘲笑有难处的人。 他观看他们踢足球。 三、分词的形式 I found the window broken by someone. 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。及物动 词的现在分词形式有时态和语态之分，不 我发现窗户被人打破了。 及物动词的分词形式只有主动语态。 (2)完成时表示发生在谓语动词所表示的 1.分词的逻辑主语及独立结构 动作之前。如：Having finished his 执行或承受分词动作的名词、代词等称为 homework,Tom began to watch TV. 分词的逻辑主语。分词的逻辑主语必须与 完成作业后，汤姆开始看电视。 语法要点专练C①③ I.用所给动词的适当形式填空 3.We only planned (watch)the 1.Our teacher asks us (develop) play for an hour,but in the end,we stayed the habit of keeping a diary. for three hours. 4.-I didn't hear you come in just now. 2.Our English teacher wants us That's good.I tried not (read)English stories out of class. (wake)the baby up. 48 第一篇初高知识衔接 5.It's necessary for you (keep)the 12.David apologized for him (be) classroom clean,class. not able to inform me of the change in 6.Though he often made his little sister the plan. today he was made by 13.Our teacher tried to speak louder in her.(cry) order to made herself (hear). 7.-Bob,I'm not good at English.What : 14.Though (lack)money,his should I do? parents managed to send him to 一 Why not join an English club to university. practice (speak)English? 15.He sent me an e-mail, (hope) 8.A nurse (name)Carolyn will to get further information. Ⅱ.翻译句子 look after the baby when his mother 1.今天我有很多作业要做。 (be)away. 9.When President Xi Jinping has spare 2.哥哥鼓励我学日语。 time,he enjoys (read)and sports. 3.我经常看到那位老人在公园散步。 10.Tom's speak)English is excellent. 4.老师来了，手里拿着一本书。 11.I can't help do)the work for her because she's too young to do it. 专题六 主谓一致 衔接目标导引G金还② ◆◆◆ 所谓主谓一致，是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。（这一点与汉语不同，汉语虽涉 及人称和数，但谓语形式上没有变化。) 初中考点 高中考点 ·理解主谓一致定义 ·熟练掌握主谓一致 ·掌握主谓一致的基本用法 ·特殊词汇的主谓一致 ·主谓一致三大原则 49初高中衔接直通车·英语 some of her familyphotos是直接宾语。A.主 is 9. reading 10. spoken 11. doing 12. being 语十谓语十宾语;B.主语十系动词十表语;C.主 13. heard 14. lacking 15. hoping 语谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:D.主语+谓 I 语十宾语十宾语补足语。故选C项。 1. I have a lot of work to do today. 18.C 考查句子与句子成分。句意:妈妈给我买了 2. My brother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些漂亮的礼物。主语S是Mum,谓语V是 3. I often see the old man walk in the park. bought,间接宾语I0是me,直接宾语DO是 4. The teacher is coming, with a book in his hand some nice presents。所以该句子结构是S十V十 专题六 主谓一致 I0+DO,故选C项。 语法要点专练 专题三 动词的时态 1. 语法要点专练 1. has; does 2. is 3. is 4. Is 5. are 6. is I. 7. was 8. have; has 9. was 10. are 11. are 1. writes 2. was shining 3. goes 4. was cooking 12. sells 13. isn't allowed 14. am 15. is 5. sounds 6. are saving 7. had hoped 8:has . taught 9. would take 10. had collected 1. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes II. 2. The writer and teacher is coming. 1. are having 2. would buy 3. flies 4. stopped 3. Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai 5. am going to listen 6. were studying 7. have next week. lived 8. was watching 9. had lived 10. goes 4. He is one of the students who get there on time. 专题四 动词的语态 5. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is cov 语法要点专练 ered with water. 1. 专题七 并列句和复合句 1. Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our 语法要点专练 hometown. 1. 2. More trees should be planted on Tree Planting 1. where 2. which/that 3. whom 4. who: that Day. 5. when 6. and 7. that 8. If 9. after 10. where 3. In 2ol2,Li Hua,a college student,was chosen to Ill, work for the Olympic Games. 1. As soon as 2. When 3. whatever 4. such; 4. The good dictionaries have been sold out already. that 5. so that 6. so; that 7. where 8. until 5. I have been told that the papers are being I. marked. 1. When she came in 2. Where there is 3. be 6. When I got to the office, Sandy was being ques- cause he got up late 4. Although/Though they tioned. are poor 5. whether/if 6. what he said 7. By the end of next year, the work will have been 7. Whether completed. 第二篇 8. The painting is expected to go for at least a mil- lion dollars. 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 II. 阅读理解专练 1. is planted 2. is being interviewed 3. been sent A 【语篇导读】 4. will be put off 5. lock 1 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 I. 了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。 3. is racing 4. see 1. was asked 2. has won 1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“For thosevisiting 5. will tell 6. put 7. was preparing 8. am get- with children, a special family tour and various ting 9. should be 10. will shall; tell activities are offered during school holidays and 专题五 非谓语动词 at weekends. Please note that, for safety rea- 语法要点专练 sons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State I. Apartments. However, baby carriers are availa- 1. to develop 2. to read 3. to watch 4. to wake ble toborrow.(对于带孩子的游客,学校在假期 5. to keep 6. cry; to cry 7. speaking 8. named; 和周末提供特别的家庭旅游和各种活动。请注 98