专题四动词的语态-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

第一篇 初高知识衔接 9. Jim said he (take) part in the : 5. - What are you going to do next Sunday? sports meeting. to music. 10. By the end of last year Henry 你打算下周日做什么? (collect) more than 1,ooo stamps. 我打算听音乐。 6. The boys hard last term. II.完成句子 男孩子们上学期一直在很努力地学习。 1. The students a class. 7. They here since 1998. 学生们正在上课。 自1998年以来他们一直住在这里。 2. He said he some books for his 8.I TV while my mother was brother.他说他要给他的弟弟买些书 cooking. 3. My brother usually kites on 当妈妈做饭时,我正在看电视。 Sundays.我的弟弟经常在周日放风筝。 9. He in Suzhou for ten years 4.I to have a rest after a long walk before he came here. yesterday. 他在来这里之前,已在苏州住了10年。 10. The earth 昨天我走了很长一段路后停下来休息了一 around the sun. 会儿。 地球绕着太阳转。 专题四 动词的语态 衔接目-标导引 语态是动词的一种形式。英语中的语 初中 ·常用时态的被动语态的构成及用法 态分主动语态和被动语态,它们是由主语 考点 ·主动语态转换成被动语态的方法 与谓语动词之间的关系来区分的。当动作 高中 的执行者作主语时,用主动语态;当动作 ·被动语态的使用场合 考点 的承受者作主语时,用被动语态。 ·区别被动语态与系表结构 初中要点一回顾 一、常用时态的被动语态构成(以ask为例) 二、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 时态 被动语态构成 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语 一般现在时 am(is,are)asked 转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主 一般过去时 was(were)asked 语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直 一般将来时 shall(will)be asked 接宾语:若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留 现在进行时 am(is,are)being asked 现在完成时 have(has)been asked 间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上 过去完成时 had been asked 介词to或for。如: 过去将来时 should(would)be asked She gaveme a book.(变为被动语态) 41 初高中衔接直通车·英语 →I was given a book by her.(间接宾语 四、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 me改为了主语) 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语 变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主 A book was given to me by her. (直接宾 语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足 语abook改为了主语) 语。如: I heard Jane playing the piano in her 三、动词短语变为被动语态 room.(变为被动语态) 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动 →Jane was heard plaving the piano in her 词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可 room. 以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可 五、变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch. 分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉 feel,notice等,及使役动词let,make,have 构成动词短语的介词或副词。如 等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时 We should speak to old men politely.(变 应加上不定式符号to。如 He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被 为被动语态) 动语态) →Old men should be spoken to politely. →The girl is made to stay at home by him. (to不可省略) 高中考点对接-G 高中阶段对于语态的考查主要集中在: (3)beworthdoing用主动形式表被动意 主动形式表被动含义;被动语态与系表结构 义。如:This book isworth reading. 的区分以及结合时态进行综合考查等 这本书值得读一读。 1.主动结构表被动意义 (4)“want/need/require十doing”相当于 (1)open, lock,write,read, sell,clean. "want/need/require+to be done"。to be wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词 done表示不定式的被动结构。如; 时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动 My bike needs repairing. -My bike needs 意义。如: toberepaired.我的自行车需要修理 This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 2.被动语态与系表结构 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 (1)被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态 This kind of shirt sells well here. 外,还可以用于其他时态,而系表结构中的 这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好 系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态 (2)look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主 The composition is well written. 动结构表被动意义。如: 这篇作文写得很好。(系表结构) School uniforms look ugly on us. The composition is being written. 我们穿着校服很难看。 这篇作文正在写。(被动语态) 2 第一篇 初高知识衔接 (2)系表结构中的过去分词可被very,too, The part of speech to which a word so修饰,被动语态中的过去分词须用 belongs is determined only by its function much修饰。 in the sentence. He was very excited. 一个词属于什么词性只能由它在句中所起 他很激动。(系表结构) He was much excited by the news. 的作用来决定。(被动结构) 他听到消息后很激动。(被动结构) (4)be十不及物动词的过去分词通常是系 (3)系表结构有时带有主动的意义,而被动 表结构。 语态通常只有被动的含义 Hermoneyisallgone.她的钱都花光了。 I am determined to do better in English The honoured guests are arrived. this term. 我决心这学期把英语学得更好。(系表结构) 贵宾们到了。 语法要点专练。 I.将下面主动语态的句子转变成被动 7. By the end of next year, they will have 语态 completed the work. 1. We can see trees and flowers everywhere 8. People expect the painting to go for at in our hometown least a million dollars. 2. We should plant more trees on Tree II.根据括号中的提示完成句子 Planting Day. 1.Cotton (plant)here. 2.He (interview)now 3. In 2o12, we choose Li Hua, a college 3. Has the doctor (send)for? student to work for the Olympic Games. 4. The meeting (put off) tomorrow. 4. They have already sold out the good 5. The door won't (lock). dictionaries. III.语篇填空 I'm sitting outside grandpa's pigeon lof 5. He has told me that the teachers are (鸽子房) and waiting for Goldie to come marking the papers. home. I'm really nervous about it because 1. (ask) to do an important job. 6. When I got to the office, the manager was Goldie is grandpa's champion racing questioning Sandy. pigeon. She's famous because she 2. (win) lots of cups. This morning she had a 43 初高中衔接直通车·英语 race-flew two hundred miles away with metal tube(管子),then put that tube in lots of other pigeons. And now she 3. grandpa's special clock. That records the (race) back home. time that Goldie finished the race. It should “Come on,Goldie. Come on, Goldie!" be grandpa's job. But while he 7. That's me, calling Goldie back home. But I (prepare) for the race, he felt ill suddenly can't see her yet. and was sent to the hospital. I really want Goldie to win this race. I So that's why I'm nervous, waiting for want to give grandpa the good news when I Goldie. I 8. (get) more nervous 4. (see) him tonight in the every minute, because Goldie 9. hospital. My eyes search the blue sky. Still (be) here by now. But the sky is blue and no sign of Goldie empty. “Calm down,Danny!"I tell myself. “Don't worry. "I tell myself. "Goldie But it's hard to be calm. This job is very always comes back.” But where is she? important.I 5. (tell)you why. What 10. (tell) grandpa? Before the race, they 6. (put) I wait until it's nearly dark. I give up! a ring on every pigeon's leg. When Goldie Then I lock the other pigeons in the loft. I've comes back,I've got to catch her to take her ring off,as fast as I can,and put it in a little got to see grandpa tonight at the hospital 专题五 非谓语动词 衔接目-标导引 不能用来单独作谓语但又具有动词特征的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动 词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词的否定式,在其前加 not或never(表示强调)。 初中考点 高中考点 ·非谓语动词的时态、语态 ·认识非谓语动词的形式 ·非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ·非谓语动词的基本句法功能 ·非谓语动词的习惯搭配和句型 ·非谓语动词在具体语境中的灵活运用 .独立主格结构 ·非谓语动词常用固定结构和句型 ·非谓语动词之间的用法区别及与句子之间的转 换功能 44初高中衔接直通车·英语 some of her family photos是直接宾语。A.主 is 9.reading 10.spoken 11.doing 12.being 语十谓语十宾语：B.主语十系动词十表语；C.主 13.heard 14.lacking 15.hoping 语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语：D.主语十谓 Ⅱ. 语十宾语十宾语补足语。故选C项。 1.I have a lot of work to do today. 18.C考查句子与句子成分。句意：妈妈给我买了： 2.My brother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些漂亮的礼物。主语S是Mum,谓语V是 3.I often see the old man walk in the park. bought,间接宾语IO是me,直接宾语DO是 4.The teacher is coming,with a book in his hand. some nice presents。所以该句子结构是S+V+ 专题六主谓一致 IO+D),故选C项。 语法要点专练 专题三动词的时态 语法要点专练 1.has;does 2.is 3.is 4.Is 5.are 6.is 1. 7.was 8.have;has 9.was 10.are 11.are 1.writes 2.was shining 3.goes 4.was cooking 12.sells 13.isn't allowed 14.am 15.is 5.sounds 6.are saving 7.had hoped 8.has I. taught 9.would take 10.had collected 1.Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. n. 2.The writer and teacher is coming. 1.are having 2.would buy 3.flies 4.stopped 3.Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai 5.am going to listen 6.were studying 7.have next week. lived 8.was watching 9.had lived 10.goes 4.He is one of the students who get there on time. 专题四动词的语态 5.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is cov- 语法要点专练 ered with water. I. 专题七并列句和复合句 1.Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our : 语法要点专练 hometown. 2.More trees should be planted on Tree Planting 1.where 2.which/that 3.whom 4.who:that Day. 5.when 6.and 7.that 8.If 9.after 10.where 3.In 2012,Li Hua,a college student,was chosen to Ⅱ. work for the Olympic Games. : 1.As soon as 2.When 3.whatever 4.such; 4.The good dictionaries have been sold out already. that 5.so that 6.so;that 7.where 8.until 5.I have been told that the papers are being Ⅲ. marked. 1.When she came in 2.Where there is 3.be- 6.When I got to the office,Sandy was being ques- cause he got up late 4.Although.Though they tioned. are poor 5.whether/if 6.what he said 7.By the end of next year,the work will have been 7.Whether completed. 8.The painting is expected to go for at least a mil- 第二篇 lion dollars. 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 Ⅱ. 阅读理解专练 1.is planted 2.is being interviewed 3.been sent 4.will be put off 5.lock 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 Ⅲ. 了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。 1.was asked 2.has won 3.is racing 4.see l.B细节理解题。根据第三段“For those visiting 5.will tell 6.put 7.was preparing 8.am get- with children,a special family tour and various ting 9.should be 10.will shall:tell activities are offered during school holidays and 专题五非谓语动词 at weekends.Please note that,for safety rea- 语法要点专练 sons,pushchairs are not permitted in the State I. Apartments.However,baby carriers are availa- 1.to develop 2.to read 3.to watch 4.to wake ble to borrow.(对于带孩子的游客，学校在假期 5.to keep 6.cry;to cry 7.speaking 8.named; 和周末提供特别的家庭旅游和各种活动。请注 98