专题七并列句和复合句-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

第一篇 初高知识衔接 6. In our hospital, the number of women 14. Not only my friends but also I doctors (be)larger and larger. (be) interested in football and Messi is 7. -Why are you late,Jim? our favorite star. -Because there (be)a lot of 15. Swimming in the pool with the children traffic when I came here. (be)very interesting. 8.We each strong points and each II.翻译句子 weak of us,on the other hand, 1.做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 points.(have) 9. Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began 2.那位作家兼教师来了。 10. There (be) more and more foreigners learning Chinese now. 3.不仅约翰,也包括我,下周都要去上海。 11. -What are you going to do this weekend? -I together with my classmates 4.他是准时到达那里的学生之一。 (be)going to climb Mount Qian. 12. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMS. (sell)well. 5.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。 13.-Excuse me, sir, smoking (allow)in the gas station. -Oh,Im really sorry. 专题七 并列句和复合句 衔接目标导引 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以 上的从句构成的句子,主要包括名词性从句,状语从句和定语从句 初中考点 高中考点 .并列句的应用 ·熟练掌握并列句 ·名词性从句(宾语从句) ·名词性从句中的另外三种形式:主语从句,表语 .状语从句 从句和同位语从句 .定语从句 ·进一步学习状语从句和定语从句 53 初高中衔接直通车·英语 初中要点-回顾 一、并列句 4.其他的常用于连接并列句的并列连词有; 1.构成:简单句十并列连词十简单句。 then,while,when,yet,not only... but also.... 2.常见的用干连接两个简单句的并列连词 neither...nor...,either...or...,both... 有:and,but,or,so,for and...,as well as. 二、复合句 (1)and意为“和;并且”,表示顺延、并列关 系。如: 1.宾语从句 (1)引导词及其作用 Study hard,and you'll make progress 作用 引导词 例句 努力学习,你就会取得进步。 He said(that) Kate (2)but意为“但是”,表示转折关系。 如: 本身无意义,只 was good at I like the story very much, but Li Ming 起连接作用,口 that swimming. 语中可省略 wasn't interested in it. 他说凯特擅长 游泳。 我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不 what. I don't know what 感兴趣。 在从句中作一 which. they are going 定的成分,如主 who. (3)or意为“否则;或者”,表示选择关系。 todo. 语、宾语、定 whose. 如:Hurry up,or you'll be late. 我不知道他们打 语等 whom等 算干什么。 快点儿,否则你会迟到的。 when(表时 (4)so意为“所以;因此;于是”,for意为 间),where Could you tell me (表地点), “因为”,二者都表示因果关系。如: 在从句中作 where you are why(表原 状语 He got up late,sohe was late for class from?你能告诉我 因),how(表 你来自哪里吗? 他起晚了,所以上课迟到了。 方式)等 I have to stay up,for I have a lot of work to He asked me if do.我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多工作要做。 意为“是否”,不 Miss Wei was if whether 作句子成分,但 3.“祈使句十and/or士简单句”是一个固定句 teacher.他问我魏小 不能省略 型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一 姐是否是一名教师 个if引导的条件状语从句。如: (2)语序 Study hard, and you will make progress. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,不管充当宾 =If you study hard, you will make 语从句的句子原来是什么语序,构成宾语 从句时一定要用陈述语序。如: progress. I don't know where she comes from. 努力学习,然后你就会取得进步。 我不知道她来自哪里。 Hurry up, or you will be late. =If you (3)时态 don't hurry up,you will be late. ①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可 快点,否则你就会迟到。 根据实际情况而定。如: 54 第一篇 初高知识衔接 I knowhe liveshere.我知道他住在这儿。 续表 I know he lived here ten years ago. 状语从 句的分 我知道他十年前住在这儿。 从句的引导词 例句 I have heard that he will come. 类 He gets up early 我已经听说他要来了。 ②若主句是过去的时态,从句也要用过去 every morning so sothat(以便,为 的时态。如:I knewwho lived here. that he can catch 目的状 了), in order the early bus.他每 我知道了过去谁住在这儿。 语从句 that(为了) 天早上起得都很 He said that he had seen it. 早,以便能赶上早 他说他已经看了。 班公交车。 ③若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现 so that (结 果 It's so hot that 象等,不管主句使用何种时态,从句都要用 结果状 是),so...that/ nobody wants to go 一般现在时。如: 语从句 such...that(如 out.天太热,以至于 The teacher asked the boy if the earth is 此.....以至于) 没人想出去。 round. though/although 老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。 Wherever you go,I (尽管,虽然), will go with you.无 (4)否定转移 evenif(即使). 论你去哪儿,我都 在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人 让步状 whatever(无论 跟着你。 称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等 语从句 什么),wherever Whenever you come. 时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主 (无论哪里), I will wait for you. 句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动 whenever(无论 无论你什么时候 词用肯定式。如: 何时) 来,我都会等你。 I don't think he will come with you. than(比.....). He is as tall as 我认为他不会和你一起来。 as...as(和...... 比较状 Tom is. 2.状语从句 一样),notas/ 语从句 他和汤姆一样高。 状语从 so...as(不如 ....). 句的分 从句的引导词 例句 where(.....的地 类 Sit wherever you 地点状 方),wherever like. I like to eat apples 语从句 (无论哪里) 请随便坐。 because they're good for my health. 三、定语从句 我喜欢吃苹果,因 关系词 功能 例句 为它们对我的健康 because(因为). 有益。 原因状 主语、 Do you know the girl who since(既然). Since everyone is who. 语从句 宾语、 as(由于) that often comes here? 你认 here, let's begin that 表语 识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗? our meeting. He's the boy(whom/that) I 既然每个人都在这 whom. 宾语 儿,那我们开始开 talkedwith just now.他是刚 that 会吧。 才和我谈话的男孩。 2 初高中衔接直通车·英语 续表 3. when,while和as的区别 例句 关系词 功能 when,while和as引导的从句都可以使用 A dictionary is a book that 延续性动词。when,as都可以与非延续性 which gives the meanings of 动词连用,而while则不能。 主语 words.字典是一本给出词语 when可表示瞬间、时间段,表示从句与主 意思的书。 句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有 The school( that which) we 先后。 that, visited yesterday is a famous 宾语 while用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相 which one inShanghai.昨天我们参 伴随而发生,常对同类的两个动作进行 观的那所学校在上海很出名。 比较。 This is the factory( that as不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指两个动 表语 which) we visited yesterday. 作或事件同时发生。如: 这是昨天我们参观的工厂。 The film had been on when we arrived 四、应注意的几个问题 当我们到达时,电影已经开始了。 1.if的不同用法 My mother was cleaning the room while l f有两个意思,作“是否”讲时,引导宾语从 was doing my homework. 句,同whether,从句的时态由事实决定; 当我正在写作业时,我妈妈正在打扫房间。 作“假如,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从句, As I left the house,I forgot the key. 此时若主句为一般将来时或析使句时,从 当我离开家时,我忘记带钥是了。 句通常用一般现在时。 4.关系词只能用which的情况 Do you know if he's married? (1)引导非限定性定语从句时。如: 你知道他结婚了吗? The tree,which is four hundred years old If it rains, we won't have a sports is very famous here. meeting. 那棵(有)400年(历史)的树在这里很 如果下雨,我们就不开运动会了。 有名。 2.when引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句 (2)关系词前有介词时。如: (1)含有when引导的时间状语从句的复 We depend on the land from which we ge 合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一 our food.我们依靠土地来获得粮食 般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语 5.关系词只能用that的情况 从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致 (1)当先行词是everything,anything (2)when引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从 句的陈述句语序,然后再根据主句的时态 nothing, something, all,none, little, few 确定从句时态,使其基本与主句内容保持 等时; 意义上的一致。如; (2)当先行词被every,any,all,some,no I don't know when my father will come little,few,much等修饰时; back, but I'll tell you when he comes (3)当先行词被the only,thevery修饰时; back. (4)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级 我不知道我爸爸什么时候回来,但他回来 修饰时; 我会告诉你。 (5)当先行词既有人又有物时 56 第一篇 初高知识衔接 高中考点对接-G 一、状语从句 Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us 1.时间状语从句 who else can we turn to for help? as soon as. immediately, directly: 假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁? instantly, the moment, the minute, the 二、名词性从句 instant和once(一......就......) 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动 句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名 作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为 词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四 “.....就......如:. 种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether The moment I heard the voice,I knew my if引导的从句;以特殊疑问词who,where. father was coming. why等引l导的从句;以what或whever等引 一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲快来了。 导的名词性从句。此外,asif/asthough也可 The boy burst into tears immediately he 引导表语从句。具体用法见下表: saw his mother 宾语从句 那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 主语 表语 作及物 同位语 2.目的状语从句 作介词 从句 从句 动词宾 从句 for fear that,in case 宾语 语 引导目的状语从句时,for fearthat表示 一般不 可以 一般不一般不一般不 that 省略 省略 “害怕、担心某事会发生”;incase表示“以 省略 省略 省略 防出现某种情况”。如; 放于句 , Mary didn't want to get out of bed, for whether whether/首时常 常用 常用 常用 fear that she might wake her baby(up). /if均可, if(是否) 用 whether whether whether 玛丽不想起床,担心吵醒她的宝宝。 但有区 whether 别 Take your raincoat,in case it rains. 带上雨衣吧,以防下雨。 特殊疑 注意语序要用陈述句语序 问词 3.条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词除了:f: what或 whatever unless(一if...not 如果不;除非.....否 注意语序要用陈述句语序 等 则.....),还有:so/aslongas(只要),in case(如果),onconditionthat(条件是). 1.主语从句 suppose/supposing(that)(假 设), 一个句子充当主语就是主语从句。主语从 providing/provided that(如果)等。如: 句分三种类型:陈述句用that引导;疑问 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard 句用whether引导;特殊疑问句用特殊疑 (-if you don't study hard). 问词引导。 除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。 That he is an American is true. -It is true As long as you don't lose heart, you will that he is an American. succeed.你只要不灰心就会成功。 他是美国人那是事实。 57 初高中衔接直通车·英语 Whether he will go isn't decided. ①He has a friend whose wife is a doctor 他是否去还没确定。 他有一个其妻是医生的朋友。 What hesaid istrue.他说的话是对的。 whose此处指人,相当于the friend's。 2.表语从句 ②I live in the house whose windows face 一个句子充当表语就是表语从句。表语从 south,我住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。 句分三种类型:陈述句用that引导;疑问 whose此处指物,相当于the house's或of the 句用whether引导;特殊疑问句是用特殊 house。 疑问词引导。 3.“介词士关系代词”引导的定语从句 My decision is that all of us are to start at 由于结构的需要,有时定语从句的引导代 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. 词前需要加上一个介词,这时引导词只能 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 使用whom(指人)或which(指物). My question is whether he can help us. (1) That is the room(which/that)I lived in 我的问题是他能否帮助我们。 ten years ago. =That is the room in which The problem is where we should stay. I lived ten years ago. 问题是我们应该待在哪里。 那就是我十年前住的房间。 3.同位语从句 介词in一旦提前,只能使用which且不可 一个句子对前面的抽象名词(如:news. 省略。 fact,suggest等)进行解释说明,这样的句 (2)I like the man(who/whom that)1 子就叫同位语从句。 work with. =I like the man with whom1 The news that Tom won the first prize work. surprised us. 我喜欢和我一块工作的那个人。 汤姆获得一等奖的消息使我们吃惊。 介词with一目提前,只能使用whom,目不可 三、定语从句 省略。 1.非限制性定语从句 4.when引导的定语从句 (1)非限制性定语从句中,代词只能使用 when仅指时间,在定语从句中作时间状 which(指物),who(指人),whom(指人) 语,相当于in,on,during,through后跟表 而不能使用that,且作宾语时也不能省略。 示时间的名词theyear,theday等。 ①The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from America. (1) I will never forget the day when we 那个来自美国的男孩擅长足球。 firstmet.我将永远忘不了我们第一次见 ②That picture, which you gave me as a 面的那一天。 present,was lost yesterday. 此处when相当于on which 即on the day 你给我那幅画作为礼物,昨天丢了。 (2) The days when we worked together (2)非限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词 were a happy time 作进一步补充说明,通常用逗号分开,在翻 我们一起工作的日子是一段快乐时光。 译时不要译为.....的....”。 此处when相当于in which即inthe days 2.whose引导的定语从句 5.where引导的定语从句 whose(谁的)给人们的直觉是指人,其实 where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语 它也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,其后要 相当于in,at,on后跟表示地点的名词the 加一个名词。 house,the place,the top 等。 58 第一篇 初高知识衔接 (1) We visited the factory where his father 6.why引导的定语从句 works.我们参观了他父亲工作的工厂。 why指原因,只修饰thereason,在定语从 此处where 相当于inwhich 即 in the 句中作原因状语,相当于for后跟名词the factory。 reason。 (2) This is the stop where I wait for the I don't believe the reason why he came late. bus.这就是我等公交车的车站。 我不相信他迟到的原因。 此处where相当于at which即at the stop。 此处why相当于for which 即for the reason 语法要点专练 2. I.用关系词填空 I was taking my summer my mother works. 1. This is the hospital holidays, you asked me what courses1 2. This is the hospital we visited was taking. the day before yesterday. 3. He told his son not to accept it 3. The person you should write to we offered to him. 4. It was is Mr. Green. a hot day 4. The man was passing by saw couldn't bear it. 5. He raised his voice what happened. he could 5. I'll never forget the days make himself heard by everyone. excellent 6. The teacher is worked with you. he 6. Read this story, you will realize that is loved and respected by all his students. not everything can be bought with money. 7. We young people should go to work 7. The truth was the water from we are most needed. the Broad Street pump had been infected 8. He didn't put up his hand to speak by waste. he had thought it over we don't stop climate change. 8. II.完成句子 1. (她进来时). many animals and plants in the world will I was eating. be gone. 2. she got (在没有......的地方) 9. The first thing she did up every morning was to water the flower no rain,farming is difficult. her husband had given to her. 3. He was late for school (因为他起床晚了). 10. There was nothing to make sure of the 4. (尽管他们很穷),they direction in the forest but to settle down buy a great many books. for the night they were. 5. She asked me (是否)thatwas II.选词填空 enough. when: until:where: whatever; as soon as; 6. I was surprised at so that; so...that; such...that (他说的话) 1. I received good news, I #. (是否)they will ever couldn't wait to tell my friends about it. become excellent remains to be seen初高中衔接直通车·英语 some of her familyphotos是直接宾语。A.主 is 9. reading 10. spoken 11. doing 12. being 语十谓语十宾语;B.主语十系动词十表语;C.主 13. heard 14. lacking 15. hoping 语谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:D.主语+谓 I 语十宾语十宾语补足语。故选C项。 1. I have a lot of work to do today. 18.C 考查句子与句子成分。句意:妈妈给我买了 2. My brother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些漂亮的礼物。主语S是Mum,谓语V是 3. I often see the old man walk in the park. bought,间接宾语I0是me,直接宾语DO是 4. The teacher is coming, with a book in his hand some nice presents。所以该句子结构是S十V十 专题六 主谓一致 I0+DO,故选C项。 语法要点专练 专题三 动词的时态 1. 语法要点专练 1. has; does 2. is 3. is 4. Is 5. are 6. is I. 7. was 8. have; has 9. was 10. are 11. are 1. writes 2. was shining 3. goes 4. was cooking 12. sells 13. isn't allowed 14. am 15. is 5. sounds 6. are saving 7. had hoped 8:has . taught 9. would take 10. had collected 1. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes II. 2. The writer and teacher is coming. 1. are having 2. would buy 3. flies 4. stopped 3. Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai 5. am going to listen 6. were studying 7. have next week. lived 8. was watching 9. had lived 10. goes 4. He is one of the students who get there on time. 专题四 动词的语态 5. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is cov 语法要点专练 ered with water. 1. 专题七 并列句和复合句 1. Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our 语法要点专练 hometown. 1. 2. More trees should be planted on Tree Planting 1. where 2. which/that 3. whom 4. who: that Day. 5. when 6. and 7. that 8. If 9. after 10. where 3. In 2ol2,Li Hua,a college student,was chosen to Ill, work for the Olympic Games. 1. As soon as 2. When 3. whatever 4. such; 4. The good dictionaries have been sold out already. that 5. so that 6. so; that 7. where 8. until 5. I have been told that the papers are being I. marked. 1. When she came in 2. Where there is 3. be 6. When I got to the office, Sandy was being ques- cause he got up late 4. Although/Though they tioned. are poor 5. whether/if 6. what he said 7. By the end of next year, the work will have been 7. Whether completed. 第二篇 8. The painting is expected to go for at least a mil- lion dollars. 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 II. 阅读理解专练 1. is planted 2. is being interviewed 3. been sent A 【语篇导读】 4. will be put off 5. lock 1 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 I. 了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。 3. is racing 4. see 1. was asked 2. has won 1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“For thosevisiting 5. will tell 6. put 7. was preparing 8. am get- with children, a special family tour and various ting 9. should be 10. will shall; tell activities are offered during school holidays and 专题五 非谓语动词 at weekends. Please note that, for safety rea- 语法要点专练 sons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State I. Apartments. However, baby carriers are availa- 1. to develop 2. to read 3. to watch 4. to wake ble toborrow.(对于带孩子的游客,学校在假期 5. to keep 6. cry; to cry 7. speaking 8. named; 和周末提供特别的家庭旅游和各种活动。请注 98