专题二英语基本句式-【初高中·衔接直通车】2024年初升高英语衔接直通车（江苏专版）

初高中衔接直通车·英语 专题二英语基本句式 一、句子种类 (3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句 1.按句子的用途可分四种 子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、 (1)陈述句（肯定、否定） 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语 从句和状语从句等。 She is six years old. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures He didn't hear of you before. when they were at the Great Wall. (2)疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意） 外国游客在长城时拍了很多照片。 Do they like skating? 二、简单句的五种句型 How old is he? 1.主语+不及物动词(S+V)(主+谓) Is he six or seven years old? Birds fly in the sky. Mary can swim,can't she? 鸟儿在天空飞翔。 (3)祈使句 There stands a tower on the hill. Be careful,boys. 山上有一座塔。 Don't talk in class. They were sleeping at that time. 他们那时正在睡觉。 (4)感叹句 只能当不及物动词的词： How clever the boy is! walk步行，swim游泳，sleep睡觉，laugh 2.按句子的结构可分三种 笑，happen/take place发生，go去，come (1)简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和 来，work工作，stay待在…，arrive到达 一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V1十O)(主十 He often reads English in the morning. 谓十宾) Tom and Mike are American boys. He has bought a house. She likes drawing and often draws 他买了一所新房子。 pictures for the wall newspapers. He can drive a car.他会驾驶汽车。 (2)并列句：由并列连词(and,but,or等) I'll be seeing you. (与朋友等分手时说的)再见。 或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一 You may have heard the news. 起构成。 你也许已经听到这个消息。 You help him and he helps you. They have put men on the moon. 你帮他，他也帮你。 他们已把人们送上月球 The future is bright;the road is tortuous. I am going to take him home. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 我打算带他回家。 34 第一篇初高知识衔接 3.主语十系动词+表(S十LV+P)(主+系+表) 5.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语(S+ My son became a college student. Vt十O+C)(主十谓十宾十宾补) 我儿子成了大学生。 People called him a wise. The car is expensive.这辆车价钱贵。 人们称他为智者。 His books are on that shelf. The directors elected John manager of the 他的书在那个书架上。 bank.董事们选举约翰为银行经理。 She looks fine.她穿着漂亮好看。 The jury found him guilty. I shall be away three weeks. 陪审团裁定他有罪。 我将外出3周。 We considered him very capable. 常用系动词：feel,taste,sound,look,seem, 我们认为他能干。 appear,prove,smell,become,get,turn,go, He pronounced himself in favour of the come,grow,remain,stay,keep,continue. 4.主语十双宾动词十间宾十直宾(S+Vt+ plan. IO十DO)(主十谓+间宾十直宾) 他表示赞成这个计划。 I have sent him some money. I saw him lying on the ground. 我已寄给他一些钱。 我看见他正躺在地上。 She told me the news about Paul. 第4种句型和第5种句型（双宾语和复合 他告诉我有关保罗的消息。 宾语)的比较： They brought me a lot of books. (1)He gave me a book.(双宾语) 他们带给我许多书。 他给我一本书。 He must get her something to eat. (2)He calls me Tom.(复合宾语) 他必须弄点东西给她吃。 他叫我汤姆。 You have done me a favour. 例(2)中的宾语me(我)，和宾语补足语 你帮了我一个忙。 Tom(汤姆)，可以成为逻辑上的主谓关系， Susan taught us English. 即“我是汤姆”。但例(1)则不可以，不能想 苏珊教我们英语。 象为“我是一本书”，所以双宾语没有逻辑 【注意】辨别正误： 上的主谓关系。凭这一点，我们就可以很 (X)I sent him it. 容易地区分开它们了。 (/)I sent it to him.我把它送给他。 常考宾补动词： 常用双宾动词： see,watch,look at,notice,observe,listen bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay, to,hear,feel,find,make,have,get,let, promise,return,send,show,teach,tell, write;buy,cook,choose,draw,find,get, leave,keep... make,order,sing,save,spare,explain, There+be/stand (s)/lie (s)/live (s)/ express,introduce,suggest等。 seem(s)/remain(s)... 35 初高中衔接直通车·英语 语法要点专练。3运。 根据句子成分和基本句型知识，选择正确 9.I saw her chatting with Nancy. 答案 A.表语 B.定语 1.She never lies. C.宾语 D.宾补 A.宾语 B.谓语 10.There is a girl waiting for you downstairs. C.状语 D.定语 2.It is a good job for me. A.定语 B.主语 A.表语 B.状语 C.状语 D.谓语 C,定语 D.主语 ll.“The news makes me feel very happy.” 3.He sat there quietly The structure of this sentence is" A.表语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语 A.S+V+0 4.In the sentence "Every morning,I hear the B.S+V+10+DO birds sing in the park",the underlined C.S+V+P part is ( D.S+V+DO+OC A.表语 B.宾语补足语 12.The sentence structure of "The high C.间接宾语 D.直接宾语 temperature makes people sleepy.is 5.“They painted the walls white.”The underlined(画线的)part is A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.S+V+DO C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语 D.S+V+10+DO 6.Tell him to get on the bus at once. 13.What's the sentence structure of "She found her seat easily."? A.状语 B.宾语 A.S+V B.S+V+P C.定语 D.表语 C.S+V+O D.S+V+DO+OC 7.You should take an umbrella with you : 14.The correct structure of the sentence when you go out. “Driving brings the young man A.谓语 B.表语 happiness'”is C.宾语 D.定语 A.S+V+IO+DO 8.The food tastes delicious B.S+V+DO A.主语 B.表语 C.S+V+DO+OC C.宾语 D.状语 D.S+V+P 36 第一篇初高知识衔接 15.The sentence structure of "Simon 17.What kind of structure is the sentence watched Tom eating some ice cream. "The girl showed her classmates some of is ( her family photos.”? A.S+V+P A.S+V+0 B.S+V+0 B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+10+DO D.S+V+10+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 16.The structure of the sentence "The l8.The sentence(句子)“Mum bought me students visited the museum the other some nice presents”is day”is A.S+V A.S+V+P B.S+V+0 B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+10+DO C.S+V+10+DO D.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+O 专题三 动词的时态 衔接目标导引c3包 ◆◆◆ 英语中，在不同时间以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态，要用英语动词的不同形式来表 示，动词的这种不同形式叫作动词的时态。英语时态从时间上分，可分为现在时、过去时、将来 时和过去将来时；从方式上分，可分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。每一种时间加每 一种方式，便构成一种时态。 初中考点 高中考点 ·掌握过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时 ·掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现 ·弄清常用时态间的区别 在进行时和现在完成时的构成和用法 ·某些时态的特殊用法及在具体语境中的灵活 ·理解过去进行时、过去完成时的构成和用法 运用 37参考答案 l5.communication考查名词作主语。句意：我认： 8.B考查句子成分。句意：这种食物尝着很美味。 为互联网使交流更容易。根据题意，本空应填 taste为系动词，后通常跟形容词作表语。deli 名词作从句的宾语。make sth.adj,固定短语， cious美味的，形容词，故选B项。 使得某物怎么样。communicate的名词形式是 9.D本题考查句子成分。当宾语意思表达不完整 communication,不可数名词，交流，沟通。故填 时，需要用补足语补充说明宾语的状态、性质等： communication 这里画线部分是补充说明宾语her在干什么，故 l6.to get考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。句意： 选D项。 动物园的看守者要求我们不要接近动物。ask:10.A考查句子成分。句意：有个女孩在楼下等 sb not to do sth“要求某人不要做某事”，根据句 你。画线waiting for you downstairs,作定语修 意及分析可知，故填to get。 饰限定名词girl,故选A项。 17.t0get考查动词不定式作定语。句意：他是第一 11.D考查句子成分和基本句型。句意：这个消息 个到车站的。序数词后或被序数词修饰的名词后 让我感到非常开心。在句子The news makes 一般用不定式todo作后置定语，故填to get。. me feel very happy.中，The news作主语，为S: l8.having考查动名词作宾语。句意：吃些香蕉怎 makes作谓语，为V:me作直接宾语，为DO: 样？What about doing sth“做某事怎样”固定句 feel very happy为宾语补足语，为OC。所以该 型。并且介词后需要用动名词形式。故填hav 句子的结构为S十V十DO+OC,故远D项。 ing。 12.B考查句子成分和基本句型。句意：高温使人 l9.healthy考查形容词作表语。句意：虽然我的 昏昏欲睡。此句是“主语十谓语十宾语十宾补” 奶奶已经80岁了，但她仍然很健康。health是 构成的简单句。其中“the high temperature'”是 名词，其形容词形式是healthy,be动词后接形 主语；makes是谓语动词；people是宾语，而 容词。故填healthy。 sleepy是宾语补足语。故选B项。 20.to learn考查动词不定式作宾语和固定句式。 13.C考查句子成分和基本句型。句意：她很容易 地找到了她的座位。通过分析句子成分可知， 句意：我发现学放风筝很难。固定句型：主语十 find it十形容词十to do sth“发现做… she主语；found谓语：her seat宾语。故选 很…”，t作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾 C项。 14.A考查句子成分和基本句型。句意：“骑行给 语。故填to learn。 年轻人带来快乐”是什么句子结构。此题问 专题二英语基本句式 Driving brings the young man happiness的句子 语法要点专练 结构，driving是主语(S),brings是谓语(V),the 1.B本题考查句子成分。句意：她从不撒谎。画 young man是间接宾语(IO),happiness是直接 线词位于主语后，为动词，表示主语发出的动作， 宾语(D)。根据题意，故选A项。 在句中作谓语，故选B项。 15.C考查句子成分和基本句型。句意：Simon看 2.D本题考查句子成分。句意：对我来说这是一 着T0m吃冰激凌。简单句中的一种，主语十谓 份好工作。画线词位于句首，且为人称代词，在： 语十间宾十宾补。其中Simon是主语，watched 句中作主语，故选D项。 是谓语动词，Tom是直接宾语，分词部分eating 3.B本题考查句子成分。句意：他安静地坐在那 some ice cream是宾补结构，即“S+V+DO+ 里。画线词为副词，修饰动词sat在句中作状语，： OC”。故选C项。 故选B项。 16.B考查基本句型和句子成分。句意：学生们几 4.B本题考查句子成分。句意：每天早上，我都听到： 天前参观了博物馆。“The students visited the 鸟儿在公园里唱歌。分析句子可知，画线词sig是： museum”这个句子的基本结构是主语十谓语十 宾语补足语，解释说明宾语the birds,故选B项。 宾语。A.主语十谓语：B.主语十谓语十宾语： 5.D本题考查句子成分。句意：他们把墙涂成了 C.主语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语：D.主语 白色。分析句子结构可知，此处white用作宾语 十谓语十直接宾语十宾语补足语。根据The 补足语，故选D项。 students(主语)，visited(谓语)，the museum(宾 6,B本题考查句子成分。句意：告诉他马上上公 语)可知，该句子的结构为“主语十谓语十宾 交车。tell告诉，及物动词，所以him作tell的宾 语”。故选B项。 语。故选B项。 17.C考查基本句型。句意：句子“The girl 7.A本题考查句子成分。句意：当你出去时，你应 showed her classmates some of her family 该带一把伞。should take在句子中作谓语，故选 photos”是什么种类结构？The girl是主语， A项。 showed是谓语；her classmates是间接宾语， 97 初高中衔接直通车·英语 some of her family photos是直接宾语。A.主 is 9.reading 10.spoken 11.doing 12.being 语十谓语十宾语：B.主语十系动词十表语；C.主 13.heard 14.lacking 15.hoping 语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语：D.主语十谓 Ⅱ. 语十宾语十宾语补足语。故选C项。 1.I have a lot of work to do today. 18.C考查句子与句子成分。句意：妈妈给我买了： 2.My brother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些漂亮的礼物。主语S是Mum,谓语V是 3.I often see the old man walk in the park. bought,间接宾语IO是me,直接宾语DO是 4.The teacher is coming,with a book in his hand. some nice presents。所以该句子结构是S+V+ 专题六主谓一致 IO+D),故选C项。 语法要点专练 专题三动词的时态 语法要点专练 1.has;does 2.is 3.is 4.Is 5.are 6.is 1. 7.was 8.have;has 9.was 10.are 11.are 1.writes 2.was shining 3.goes 4.was cooking 12.sells 13.isn't allowed 14.am 15.is 5.sounds 6.are saving 7.had hoped 8.has I. taught 9.would take 10.had collected 1.Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. n. 2.The writer and teacher is coming. 1.are having 2.would buy 3.flies 4.stopped 3.Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai 5.am going to listen 6.were studying 7.have next week. lived 8.was watching 9.had lived 10.goes 4.He is one of the students who get there on time. 专题四动词的语态 5.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is cov- 语法要点专练 ered with water. I. 专题七并列句和复合句 1.Trees and flowers can be seen everywhere in our : 语法要点专练 hometown. 2.More trees should be planted on Tree Planting 1.where 2.which/that 3.whom 4.who:that Day. 5.when 6.and 7.that 8.If 9.after 10.where 3.In 2012,Li Hua,a college student,was chosen to Ⅱ. work for the Olympic Games. : 1.As soon as 2.When 3.whatever 4.such; 4.The good dictionaries have been sold out already. that 5.so that 6.so;that 7.where 8.until 5.I have been told that the papers are being Ⅲ. marked. 1.When she came in 2.Where there is 3.be- 6.When I got to the office,Sandy was being ques- cause he got up late 4.Although.Though they tioned. are poor 5.whether/if 6.what he said 7.By the end of next year,the work will have been 7.Whether completed. 8.The painting is expected to go for at least a mil- 第二篇 lion dollars. 第一章 阅读理解解题策略与训练 Ⅱ. 阅读理解专练 1.is planted 2.is being interviewed 3.been sent 4.will be put off 5.lock 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍 Ⅲ. 了一些参观温莎城堡的注意事项。 1.was asked 2.has won 3.is racing 4.see l.B细节理解题。根据第三段“For those visiting 5.will tell 6.put 7.was preparing 8.am get- with children,a special family tour and various ting 9.should be 10.will shall:tell activities are offered during school holidays and 专题五非谓语动词 at weekends.Please note that,for safety rea- 语法要点专练 sons,pushchairs are not permitted in the State I. Apartments.However,baby carriers are availa- 1.to develop 2.to read 3.to watch 4.to wake ble to borrow.(对于带孩子的游客，学校在假期 5.to keep 6.cry;to cry 7.speaking 8.named; 和周末提供特别的家庭旅游和各种活动。请注 98