Unit 4 Learning About Language（导学案) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高二英语同步学与练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题语境是Journey across a vast land. Discover useful structures是本模块的第三个课时，本课通过感受文本中的语言，比较-ed和-ing做表语和状语的区别，总结语言规律，并运用所学到的语言知识写一篇日记。 【语言能力】  感受语言，分析和比较-ed和-ing做表语和状语的区别并总结语言规律。 【思维品质】 掌握并熟练运用-ed和-ing做表语和状语在具体语境中的用法。 【文化意识】 运用所学到的语言知识写一篇日记。 【观察例句】 (1 ) Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, they were all wet. =Because they were caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, … (2) Taking a boat ride out into the bay, they could see marvelous scenery. =Because they took a boat ride out into the bay, … (3) When passing through the Canadian Rockies, they saw beautiful mountains and forests. =When they were passing through the Canadian Rockies, … (4) When/If given another chance, they will pay a visit to Toronto once more. =When/If they are given another chance, … (5) They are planning to fly to Vancouver, followed by a train trip. =They are planning to fly to Vancouver and then the trip is followed by a train trip. (6) The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. =The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise and at the same time, they passed through the Canadian Rockies. 过去分词作表语和状语 ►1.过去分词作表语： 1．意义 位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态) 3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。 【变式练2-1】I was too _______ (tire) to walk any further. 【变式练2-2】When he heard the moving story，he was deeply ___________．(move) 【变式练2-3】Tom was more _________________ (surprise) than _______________ (disappoint) at this news. ►2.过去分词(短语)作状语： 1．意义 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。 2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 (1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you”or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。 ►3.过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况： (1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made(＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 (2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)． 后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。 He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)． 他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。 (3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。 (4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。 More time given，we could have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 【变式练3-1】When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. →____________________________________，the children all kept silent. 【变式练3-2】If we are united，we will make our life better. →___________________________，we will make our life better. 【变式练3-3】Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. →___________________________，we went on with it. ►4.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别： 现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 (1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 (2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention，the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 【变式练4-1】I‘m ___________(impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time. 【变式练4-2】________________ (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground. 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 根据要求转换下列句子 1.Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.(升级为省略句) Film has a much shorter history, especially ___________. 2.As he was raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________ of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(升级为省略句) ____________________，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 4.As he was attracted by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________ ，the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving. 5.If they were give the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________，these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. 6.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.(过去分词作状语) →________________ the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 7.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.(过去分词作状语) →_______________， we could do it much better. 8.Because he was greatly touched by his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.(过去分词作状语) →_______________ his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. 9.Turned down many times, the man didn't lose heart.(让步状语从句) →______________ many times, the man didn't lose heart. 二、英汉互译 1.我预料到他们将去海南旅行。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2.当我今天早上醒来时，地面上覆盖着霜。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. No problems could arise as long as you make a good preparation before setting out. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The children wanted the lake to freeze up so they could ice-skate. _____________________________________________________________________ 三、语法填空 It's just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons...and the Great Wall of China. He has lost count of the number of times he 1.________ (climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day he first saw 2.________. The UK native came back to China in 1986 with 3.________ (plan) to run the wall's entire 4.________ (long) — but it didn't quite work out that time. He came back a year later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall 5.________ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo projects that show 6.________ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) 7.________ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a 8.________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective. In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesay's life. His solo adventure 9.________ (describe) as “the most successful foreign exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal 10.________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题语境是Journey across a vast land. Discover useful structures是本模块的第三个课时，本课通过感受文本中的语言，比较-ed和-ing做表语和状语的区别，总结语言规律，并运用所学到的语言知识写一篇日记。 【语言能力】  感受语言，分析和比较-ed和-ing做表语和状语的区别并总结语言规律。 【思维品质】 掌握并熟练运用-ed和-ing做表语和状语在具体语境中的用法。 【文化意识】 运用所学到的语言知识写一篇日记。 【观察例句】 (1 ) Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, they were all wet. =Because they were caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, … (2) Taking a boat ride out into the bay, they could see marvelous scenery. =Because they took a boat ride out into the bay, … (3) When passing through the Canadian Rockies, they saw beautiful mountains and forests. =When they were passing through the Canadian Rockies, … (4) When/If given another chance, they will pay a visit to Toronto once more. =When/If they are given another chance, … (5) They are planning to fly to Vancouver, followed by a train trip. =They are planning to fly to Vancouver and then the trip is followed by a train trip. (6) The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. =The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise and at the same time, they passed through the Canadian Rockies. 【归纳用法】 比较-ed和-ing形式做状语时，可表示原因、时间、条件和伴随，-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，而-ing形式则表示主动关系。 过去分词作表语和状语 ►1.过去分词作表语： 1．意义 位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态) 3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。 【变式练2-1】I was too _______ (tire) to walk any further. 【变式练2-2】When he heard the moving story，he was deeply ___________．(move) 【变式练2-3】Tom was more _________________ (surprise) than _______________ (disappoint) at this news. 【答案】1. tired 2. moved 3. surprised ; disappointed ►2.过去分词(短语)作状语： 1．意义 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。 2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 (1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you”or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。 ►3.过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况： (1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made(＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 (2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)． 后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。 He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)． 他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。 (3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。 (4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。 More time given，we could have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 【变式练3-1】When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. →____________________________________，the children all kept silent. 【变式练3-2】If we are united，we will make our life better. →___________________________，we will make our life better. 【变式练3-3】Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. →___________________________，we went on with it. 【答案】1. When asked who had broken the vase 2. If united 3.Exhausted by the hard work ►4.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别： 现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 (1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 (2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention，the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 【变式练4-1】I‘m ___________(impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time. 【变式练4-2】________________ (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground. 【答案】1. impressed 2. Looking 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 根据要求转换下列句子 1.Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.(升级为省略句) Film has a much shorter history, especially ___________. 2.As he was raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________ of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(升级为省略句) ____________________，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 4.As he was attracted by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________ ，the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving. 5.If they were give the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.(升级为过去分词作状语) ____________________，these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. 6.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.(过去分词作状语) →________________ the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 7.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.(过去分词作状语) →_______________， we could do it much better. 8.Because he was greatly touched by his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.(过去分词作状语) →_______________ his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. 9.Turned down many times, the man didn't lose heart.(让步状语从句) →______________ many times, the man didn't lose heart. 【答案】1.when compared to such art forms as music and painting 2.Raised in the poorest area 3.When asked why he went there 4.Attracted by the latest electronic toys 5.Given the right kind of training 6.Seen from 7.Given more time 8.Greatly touched by 9.Though/Although he was turned down 二、英汉互译 1.我预料到他们将去海南旅行。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2.当我今天早上醒来时，地面上覆盖着霜。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. No problems could arise as long as you make a good preparation before setting out. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. The children wanted the lake to freeze up so they could ice-skate. _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. I anticipated they would travel to Hainan. 2. When I woke up this morning the ground was covered with frost. 3.只要你在动身之前做好万全准备就不会出现任何问题。 4.孩子们希望湖面结冰，这样他们就可以滑冰。 三、语法填空 It's just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons...and the Great Wall of China. He has lost count of the number of times he 1.________ (climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day he first saw 2.________. The UK native came back to China in 1986 with 3.________ (plan) to run the wall's entire 4.________ (long) — but it didn't quite work out that time. He came back a year later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall 5.________ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo projects that show 6.________ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) 7.________ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a 8.________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective. In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesay's life. His solo adventure 9.________ (describe) as “the most successful foreign exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal 10.________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts. 【答案】 1.has climbed　考查时态。句意：他已记不清爬了几次长城了。分析句子可知，此处表示爬长城是William Lindesay从过去到现在一直做的事情，应用现在完成时。故填has climbed。 2.it　考查代词。句意：然而，他仍然记得第一次看到它的那天。分析句子可知，此处的it指代的是上文的“the Great Wall”。故填it。 3.plans　考查名词复数。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。plan是可数名词，分析句子可知，此处指“William Lindesay跑完长城的计划”，表泛指，应用复数形式。故填plans。 4.length　考查名词。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。分析句子可知，此处应表示“长城的长度”，应用名词。故填length。 5.published　考查过去分词。句意：多年来，林赛已经出版了八本关于长城的书。分析句子可知，此处已有谓语动词had，应用非谓语动词，且publish与books之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填published。 6.how　考查宾语从句。句意：他已经完成了三个摄影项目，展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，并领导了保护工作。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，且表示“展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的”。应用how来引导。故填how。 7.to film　考查动词不定式。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处表示用无人机的目的是拍摄长城，应用动词不定式表示。故填to film。 8.completely　考查副词。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处的completely修饰new and fascinating，修饰形容词用副词。故填completely。 9.is/was/has been described　考查时态。句意：他的个人冒险被称为“外国长城探险最成功的一次”。分析句子可知，此处的describe与主语solo adventure之间是被动关系。且分析文章可知，此处使用一般过去时，一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态皆可。故填is/was/has been described。 10. from　考查介词。句意：他甚至获得了中国政府颁发的一枚奖章，以表彰他在保护环境方面所做的努力。分析句子可知，奖章是来自于中国政府的。故填from。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$